wk¶v gvbylk- d`vi, bgª i f`ª ki| [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
wk¶v gvbyl‡K-D`vi, bgª I f`ª K‡i|[email protected]
The second Florentine period was also a time of intensive scientific study. Leonardo did dissections in the hospital of Santa Maria Nuova and broadened his anatomical work into a comprehensive study of the structure and function of the human organism. He made systematic observations of the flight of birds, about which he planned a treatise. Even his hydrological studies, “on the nature and movement of water,” broadened into research on the physical properties of water, especially the laws of currents, which he compared with those pertaining to air. These were also set down in his own collection of data, contained in the so-called Codex Hammer (formerly known as the Leicester Codex, now in the property of software entrepreneur Bill Gates in Seattle, Washington, U.S.).
Leonardo da VinciFlorentine artistBirthApril 15, 1452DeathMay 2, 1519Place of BirthVinci, ItalyPrincipal ResidenceFlorenceKnown forInitiating the Italian High Renaissance with paintings that set a new standard for composition and expression of complex emotionPossessing a sprawling intellect that touched astoundingly diverse areas of knowledge, but suffering from a tendency to assume too many projects in various fields, and failing to complete most Microsoft ® Encarta ®
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer
Birth February 19, 1473
Death May 24, 1543
Place of Birth
Torun, Poland
Known for
Proposing a heliocentric (sun-centered) model for the solar system, in which the Sun is stationary at the center, and Earth and the other planets orbit around it
Career1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy (now Jagiellonian University)
1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna
1497 Began observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets
1514? Wrote Commentariolus, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate it widely
1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), which held that Earth and the other planets orbit a centrally located Sun
JU Dhaka 2010.
Born 15 February 1564Pisa,Duchy of Florence, Italy
Died 8 January 1642 (aged 77)Arcetri,[1] Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy
Residence Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy
Fields Astronomy, Physics andMathematics
Institutions
University of PisaUniversity of Padua
Alma mater University of Pisa
Academic advisors
Ostilio Ricci
Known for KinematicsDynamicsTelescopic observational astronomy
HeliocentrismReligious stance
Roman Catholic
JU Dhaka 2010.
Tycho Brahe, born Tyge Ottesen Brahe (14 December 1546 – 24 October 1601), was a Danish nobleman known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetaryobservations. Coming from Scania, then part of Denmark, now part of modern-day Sweden, Tycho was well known in his lifetime as an astronomer and
alchemist.
Born December 27, 1571Weil der Stadt near Stuttgart, Germany
Died November 15, 1630 (aged 58)Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
Residence
Baden-Württemberg; Styria; Bohemia;Upper Austria
Fields Astronomy, astrology, mathematics andnatural philosophy
Institutions
University of Linz
Alma mater
University of Tübingen
Known for
Kepler's laws of planetary motionKepler conjecture
X-ray, Optical & Infrared Composite of Kepler's Supernova Remnant"On October 9, 1604, sky watchers -- including astronomer Johannes Kepler, spotted a "new star" in the western sky, rivaling the brilliance of nearby planets. "Kepler's supernova" was the last exploding supernova seen in our Milky Way galaxy.
Born October 15, 1608Faenza, Romagna, Italy
Died October 25, 1647 (aged 39)Florence
Nationality
Italian
Fields PhysicistMathematician
Known for
BarometerTorricelli's Law
Influences
Galileo
JU Dhaka 2010.
Juan de la Cosa (c. 1460 – February 28, 1510) was a Spanish cartographer, conquistador, and explorer. He made the earliest extant European world map to incorporate the territories of the Americas that were discovered in the fifteenth century, sailed the first 3 voyages with Christopher Columbus, and was the owner/captain of the Santa María. De la Cosa was also a skilled cartography; in particular, he is renowned for his cartography skills on the world map knows as the Mappa Mundi of 1500.
JU Dhaka 2010.
Gerardus Mercator (5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a Flemish cartographer. He was born inRupelmonde in the County of Flanders. He is remembered for the Mercator projection world map named after him.
Abraham Ortelius (Abraham Ortels) (April 2, 1527 – June 28, 1598) was a Flemish cartographer andgeographer, generally recognised as the creator of the first modern atlas.
Hutton as painted by Sir Henry Raeburn
Born 14 June 1726Edinburgh , Scotland
Died 26 March 1797
Nationality Scottish
Fields Geology
Known for Plutonic geologyDeep time
James Hutton MD (Edinburgh, 3 June 1726 OS (14 June 1726 NS) – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, physician, naturalist, chemist and experimental farmer. He is considered the father ofmodern geology.[1][2] His theories of geology and geologic time,[3] also called deep time,[4] came to be included in theories which were called plutonism and uniformitarianism.
Philippe Buache, was a French geographer, born in Paris in 1700. He died in 1773.
Buache was trained under the geographer Guillaume Delisle, of whom he married the
daughter. Buache was nominated first geographer of the king in 1729. He
established the division of the world by seas and river systems. He believed in a southern
continent, an hypothesis which was confirmed by later discoveries.
He published in 1754 an "Atlas physique" and wrote several pamphlets. He was a member
of the Académie des sciences.
Full name
Immanuel Kant
Born 22 April 1724Königsberg, Prussia
Died 12 February 1804 (aged 79)Königsberg, Prussia
School/ tradition
Kantianism, enlightenment philosophy
Main interests
Epistemology, Metaphysics,Ethics, Logic
Notable ideas
Categorical imperative,Transcendental Idealism,Synthetic a priori,Noumenon, Sapere aude,Nebular hypothesis
JU Dhaka 2010.
Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804The Critique of Practical Reason (English)
The Critique of Pure Reason (English)Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of
Morals (English)Kritik der reinen Vernunft
(Erste Fassung 1781) (German)Kritik der reinen Vernunft
Zweite hin und wieder verbesserte Auflage (1787) (German)
The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics (English)On the Popular Judgment: That may be Right in Theory,
but does not Hold Good in the Praxis (English)Perpetual Peace: A Philosophic Essay (English)
MvwYwZK f~‡Mvj‰bwZK f~‡MvjivR‰bwZK f~‡MvjevwYwR¨K f~‡MvjCk¦i ZvwË¡K f~‡Mvj