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PowerPoint Presentation to AccompanyGO! with Computer Concepts

Chapter 1Basic Computer Concepts

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Objectives

1. Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions

2. Identify the Different Types of Computers

3. Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

4. Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

5. Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

6. Identify Safe Computing Practices

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Objective 1:Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic

Computing Functions• Computer

– A programmable electronic device that can input, process, output, and store data.

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Objective 1 (cont.)

– Components of a typical computer system

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Objective 2: Identify the Different Types of Computers• Microcomputers

– Desktop computers– Notebook computers– Netbook computers– Tablet computers– Mobile devices

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Objective 2: Identify the Different Types of Computers

• Servers– When computers are connected together in

a network, servers are computers that manage network resources through administrative software.

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Objective 2: Identify the Different Types of Computers• Network Servers

– Mainframe computers• Manage users through multitasking

• Supercomputers– Large, powerful and ultrafast– Process scientific calculations and multi-

scale simulations• Embedded Computers

– Built into larger components such as a car

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Hardware

– A computer and any connected equipment• System Unit

– Houses internal components– Provides connection sites for peripheral

devices• Peripheral devices provide input and output

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• System Unit

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Input Devices

– Used to enter data into memory (RAM).– Two most familiar:

• Mouse• Keyboard

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

– The brain of the computer that executes programs and manipulates data

– Two main parts:• Control unit• Arithmetic logic unit

– Many different types– Speed is measured in clock speed

• megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz)

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Memory

– Measured in bytes• megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), terabytes

(TR)

– ROM: permanent and nonvolatile – RAM: temporary and volatile

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Output Devices: displays information

after data has been processed in a useful format.– Monitors– Printers– Speakers and multimedia projectors

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Output Devices: printers

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Objective 3:Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Storage Devices

– Used to store data, information, and programs for future use.

– Permanent memory– Storage device versus storage media

• Device – hardware such as hard drives or DVD drives

• Media – removable part that actually contains the stored data

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses– Data is stored in one of three forms:

• Magnetic• Optical• Flash

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Storage Devices

– Hard disk drive– Floppy disk drive– CD or DVD drive– Flash drives– Tape drives

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Ports– Connectors between a peripheral device

and computer– Enables data to be exchanged– Have different shapes and sizes– Different ports operate at different speeds– Example: USB port

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Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses• Evaluating Your System

– What kind of computer do you have?• My Computer > Properties > General tab

– Which operating system?– How much memory?– Drives and storage space?

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Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• System Software– Contains two main programs:

• Operating System– Manages hardware components

• Utility programs– Small applications that handle tasks involved with

management and maintenance of a system.

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Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Operating System– Communicates with the computer and its

peripherals• Includes the user interface• Graphical User Interface (GUI)

– Icons– Menus– Dialog boxes– Windows

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Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Windows Operating System– Windows XP– Windows Vista– Windows 7

• Linux

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Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Linux• Mac

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Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Utility Programs– Small applications that handle important

tasks involved with computer management and maintenance

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Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Utility Programs– Can be used to:

• Back up important files• Remove unwanted files or programs • Schedule various computer maintenance tasks

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Objective 4:Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

• Application Software– Programs created to perform a specific

task or solve a specific need– Fall into one of several categories

• Financial and business• Graphics and multimedia• Educational and reference• Entertainment• Communication• Productivity software

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Objective 4:Identify Types of Software and Their Uses– Productivity software

• Word processing• Spreadsheet• Database• Presentation• Communication

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Objective 5:Describe Networks and Define Network

Terms• Networks

– Consist of two or more connected computers plus peripheral devices

– Each object connected to a network is a node

– Allow users to share data, software, and resources

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Objective 5:Describe Networks and Define Network

Terms• LAN– A network that connects computers reasonably

close together• WAN

– A network that covers a geographic area or begins to include other networks

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Objective 5: Describe Networks and Define Network

Terms• Network configurations

– Peer-to-peer • Most commonly found in homes and businesses• Each node communicates with every other node without

a dedicated server among computers.

– Client/server• Typically have two different types of computers

– The client: used by an individual – The server: used by network technicians and

administrators to manage network resources

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Objective 5: Describe Networks and Define Network

Terms• Network topologies – describes the

different types of network architecture used for client/server networks.– Bus topologies – connects each node to a single, central

high-speed line known as a bus.– Ring topologies – connects each node to the next, forming a

loop.– Star topologies – connects each node to a special device

known as a switch.

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Objective 5: Describe Networks and Define Network

Terms• Network topologies

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Computer Maintenance– Establish a regular maintenance routine

• Backup utilities• Disk Cleanup• Disk Defragmenter• Task Scheduler• System Restore

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Viruses– Malicious codes or software – Invade a computer and alter or destroy

data• Worms

– Malicious programs that spread from computer to computer

– Replicate themselves

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Trojan horses– Often appear to be a desirable software

program – Do not duplicate themselves or infect other

files – Allow intruders such as botnets

• software robots that run automatically in networks

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Spyware– Captures information on a computer – Usually not intended to harm a computer

• Adware • Cookies • Key loggers

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Protecting Yourself and Your Computer– Software updates and patches– Antivirus software

• Finds and removes viruses

– Antispyware software• Similar to antivirus software • Finds and removes spyware

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Personal firewalls– Software programs or hardware devices

• Can make computers invisible to hackers• Can prevent hackers from turning your

computer into a zombie

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• Zombie– A remotely controlled computer used to spread

viruses, spyware, or spam– Can also be used in denial of service (DoS)

attacks

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Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices

• What else should you do to be safe online?– Do not give our personal information– Avoid spam email and phishing attacks

• Phishing is an email that masquerades as authentic organizations and ask for personal information

– Check for hoaxes and scams online– When in doubt, always check

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Summary• Objectives presented:

1. Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions

2. Identify the Different Types of Computers

3. Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

4. Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

5. Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

6. Identify Safe Computing Practices

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