wireline to wireless: band-aid or network concept 2016

1

ISE EXPO Wireline to Wireless:

Band-Aid or Network Concept

Steve LeekBroadband Systems Manager

[email protected] FINLEY ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC.

www.fecinc.comTwitter: @FinleyEng

mailto:[email protected]

1. Fibera. GPONb. Activec. Transport

1. Backhaul 2. Front haul

2. Copper a. DSL-VDSL-Pair Bonding

Limited by distance3. HFC / Coaxial

a. DOCSIS System Limited by channels used

Wired Network Infrastructures

www.FinleyUSA.com Wireline to WirelessSteve Leek

1. GPON (ITU-T G.984.5X)A. 1480nm – 1500nm Downstream Traffic

1. 1490 nm - OLT to ONT Voice & DataB. 1260 – 1360 nm - Upstream Traffic

1. 1310 nm - OLT to ONT Voice & Data ReturnC. 1410 -1610 nm Return Traffic VOD AuthorizationD. 1550 nm RF OverlayE. 1625 nm In Service OTDR Trace for Macro Bending

2. XG-PON 1 (ITU-T G.987) 10 G Dowstream Traffic @ 1577 nm

2.5 G Upstream Traffic @ 1270 nm

3. NG-PON 2 (ITU-T G.989) 4-8 Streams of 10 G Downstream Traffic @ 1596 – 1603 nm

4-8 Streams of 2.5 G Upstream Traffic @ 1532 – 1539 nmP2P 10 G Down & UP 1610 – 1625 nm

4. XGS-PON 2 (ITU-T G.9807.1)

10 G Downstream Traffic @ 1577 nm 10 G Upstream Traffic @ 1270 nm

Wavelengths


ISP

Voice

Video

Wireline to Wireless

Wireline to WirelessSteve Leek

www.FinleyUSA.com

Plan & Build for 30 - 40 Year Life Span

Bandwidth Demand Will Increase



Tower Research


Frequency Research

10

1. Point to Point Microwave a. Licensed

b. lightly Licensedc. Unlicensed,

2. Point to Multi-pointa. Mesh

3. Wi-Fi

4. Cell Service

Wireless Network Infrastructures


1. 6 – 38 GhZ2. 1+0 one ODU & 1 Dish3. 1+1 two ODU’s and 1 dish – Hot Standby Units4. 2+0 two ODU’s and 1 Dish both transmitting- doubles bandwidth5. Ambient temperature limits6. Max operating temperature7. Wind velocity8. Peak survival wind velocity9. IF cable lengths10. Throughput11. Unlicensed

PTP Licensed Radios


PTP Alignment


1. Determine Channel width– 5 MhZ = 21 Miles – 10 MhZ = 17 Miles – 20 Mhz = 13 Miles – 40 Mhz = 9 Miles

2. Link Capacity – somewhat less than Quality3. Link Quality4. 5.8 GhZ, 2.4 GhZ & 900 Mhz5. 3.65 GhZ Lightly Licensed

Point to Multi-Point


Point to Multi-Point Mesh Network


Line of Sight


Non-Line of Sight

Wireline to WirelessSteve Leek


475 Subscribers

790 Subscribers


Why the push to increase bandwidth?

Will subscribers use 300 to 500 megabits or 1 gigabit per second?

Consider:– Over-the-top streaming, especially at 4K speeds or future data bandwidths– Super HD requires around 6-12 Mbps – Ultra HD will require between 15-20 Mbps

Todays needs require 50 Mbps.

Can you make higher speeds affordable to more than 80% of your homes passed?

Specifically, can you provide 75 Mbps or more for the same rate as 12 Mbps and make more money in the process?

Deployment Questions


802.11n development started in 2002 and was approved in 2009, using "dual-band" (2.4/5 GHz).

802.11ac development started in 2011 and was approved in January 2014. 802.11ac utilizes dual band wireless technology, supporting simultaneous connections on both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.

The IEEE 802.11ad standard is aimed at providing data throughput speeds of up to 7 Gbps. To achieve these speeds the technology uses the 60 GHz ISM band to achieve the levels of bandwidth needed and ensure reduced interference levels.

802.11ax unlike 802.ad uses a standard, 5GHz in house Wi-Fi based technology. A single 802.11ax stream using MIMO should be capable of 3.5Gbps compared with 866Mbs for a single 802.11ac providing a total network of capacity for 14Gbps.

Wi-Fi Standards


802.11ax is already coming down the pipe — and unlike 802.11ad, it uses a standard, 5GHz- in house Wi-Fi based technology. A single 802.11ax stream using MIMO should be capable of 3.5Gbps compared with 866Mbs for a single 802.11ac providing a total network of capacity for 14Gbps.

The standard should be complete in July 2018. However, ratification of the standard is not expected before March 2019.

A key change in 802.11ax will be the use of MIMO-OFDA, which combines multiple antennas (the MIMO, multiple in-multiple out, part) with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (which is abbreviated OFDMA ).

802.ax


OFDA


A key change in 802.11ax will be the use of MIMO-OFDA, which combines multiple antennas (the MIMO, multiple in-multiple out, part) with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (which is abbreviated OFDMA ).

OFDA is based on existing OFDMA schemes, which encode data on multiple subcarrier frequencies. OFDM is already used in LTE and earlier Wi-Fi standards. But OFDA adds a new twist, the multiple-access component, meaning subsets are assigned within those subcarrier frequencies to essentially create a bigger pipe delivering data to individual devices.


IEEE 802.16d (fixed service) uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

IEEE 802.16e (mobile) uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).

OFDMA is a multi-user OFDM that allows multiple access on the same channel (a channel being a group of evenly spaced subcarriers.

WiMAX uses OFDMA, extended OFDM, to accommodate many users in the same channel at the same time.

Translation

1.Trying to dance the polka to rock and roll music.2.Forgetting your Mother-in-Law’s first name.3.Noticing someone at the church dinner using his lefsa for a napkin.

UFF DA


Heat Map

Heat Mapper Information you need to verify:1. Access Points2. SSID Information3. Signal quality / Signal Strength4. Signal-to Noise-Ratio5. Data Rates6. Devices Connected7. Channel Usage 8. Rogue Access Points9. Connection Tests

a. associate with an APb. request an IP address from its DHCP Server c. ping or perform a TCP handshake with the server or other addresses.

Wi-Fi Inspection


Security Encryption


31

Interference from1. Microwave2. Cordless Phones/headsets3. Bluetooth Devices4. Analog Video Cameras

9. Security Encryption a. WEP – 1990 still usedb. WPAc. WPA2-Wi-Fi Certified – 2006 Government Grade

Mitigation: The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of somethingTSB-155-A specifies recommended mitigation practices in the event that an installed category 6 channel does not satisfy the minimum crosstalk levels.

1. Proper routing of cables using BICISI wiring standards. 2. improved cross connect jumpers.3. Using F/UTP equipment cords.4. Unbundling cables.5. Reconfiguring cross-connects as interconnects, and 6. Replacing category 6 components with higher bandwidth cables or fiber.

Building Cable Standards TSB-155


IP Traffic


1 EB = 10006bytes = 1018bytes = 1000000000000000000B = 1000 petabytes =

1million terabytes = 1billion gigabytes

The First generation wireless mobile communication systems were introduced in early eighties and second generations systems in the late 1980s were intended primarily for transmission of voice.

The third and forth generation wireless systems which are just getting introduced in the world markets offer considerably higher data rates, with significant improvements over the 2G systems.

The 3G Wireless systems were proposed to provide voice and paging services to provide interactive multimedia including teleconferencing and internet access and variety of other services.

As opposed to earlier generations, a 4G system does not support traditional circuit-switched telephony service, is more a IP based communication such as VOIP.

First Generation Wireless


Wireless Speeds


Mobile Network Operator


Mobile Telephone Switching Office

Similar concept, which links the mobile network back to the wired network. In essence, front haul is the connection between a new network architecture of centralized baseband controllers and remote standalone radio heads at cell sites.

Backhaul / Front Haul


The term LTE stands for Long Term Evolution. Hence, 4G LTE means the fourth-generation Long Term Evolution network..

Unlike 4G networks, the 4G LTE versions are relatively new and their coverage is limited to specific areas..

Modern cellular devices that support 4G LTE networks include the iPhone 6 Plus, the iPhone 6, the iPhone 5S and the iPhone 5c.

LTE


We are hearing a lot of noise about 5G although not expected to make its commercial debut until at least 2018 - 2020, 5G trials and collaborations are being held this year.

4G tests have provided network speeds between 2 – 6 Meg with a latency between 128 – 214 milliseconds. This will require many more cell towers/access points, that cover entire neighborhoods.

An example of the lower latency is a 5G connected car could report an accident before the airbags were fully inflated.

Faster arrival at incidents is a key use for 5G.

Along with today’s vehicles the beginning use of future autonomous vehicles.

5G Cell Service


The vision for 5G includes network speeds of 20 Gbps or higher with a latency that is mere milliseconds.

These systems will be built in a way to enable logical 5G network slices, enabling operators to provide networks on an as-a-service basis and meet the wide range of use cases the 2020 timeframe will demand.

This single physical network can be partitioned into multiple virtual networks to offer optimal support for different types of services and for different types of customer segments.

5G Cell Service


Mobile Carriers will use the 5G network slicing in order to provide a broadband experience everywhere with more video, higher speeds, and wide-scale availability; massive machine-type communication with transportation monitoring and control.

THz Wireless


In order to achieve this, equipment would transmit between 275 – 305 GhZ using quadrature amplitude modulation QAM

QAM


The Shannon–Hartley theorem tells the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted over a communications channel of a specified bandwidth in the presence of noise.

Bandwidth limitations alone do not impose a theoretical limit on throughput – remember multiple channels increase interference.

LTE-U technology, which uses the same unlicensed frequency as Wi-Fi to provide additional bandwidth to mobile carriers, is already in limited testing by Verizon. Carriers are enthused about LTE-U’s potential to ease the load on their networks, but critics – warn that the technology could drown out Wi-Fi networks where they overlap. Ericsson Reported to FCC on September 6th that their testing caused no issues with Wi-Fi.


May da ruts always fit da wheels in your pickup,

May yur ear mufs always keep out da nort wind,

May da sun shine varm on yur lefse,

May da rain fall soft on yur lutefisk,

and until ve meet again

May da Good Lord protect ya from any and all unnecessary Uff Das.

Norwegian Blessing


wireline to wireless: band-aid or network concept 2016

Engineering