wireless.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Wireless In Education
Mark CiampaWestern Kentucky University
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Wireless Is Changing Travel
Boeing – Installing wireless networks on airplanes for passenger use during flights
70+ US Airports – Provide wireless Internet access in lounge & waiting areas
Marriott, Four Seasons, Wyndham Hotels, Motel 6 – Provide lobby, check in, meeting room, public area access
Trains – Montreal to Toronto route
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Wireless Is Changing Work
Business conference rooms - Access to data during meetings gives 100+ minutes daily
Radio Frequency ID – Transponders used as barcode alternatives
Video Pill – Wireless camera in capsule for endoscopy used at 268 US hospitals
e-Suds – Students check for empty washer, add softener, receive e-mail when finished
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Wireless Is Changing Recreation
Starbucks, Borders, McDonald’s, Schlotzky’s – Wireless networks for customers
3Com Stadium – Access statistics, view instant replays, order concessions
Golf US Open – Walking scorers submitted immediate results
KOA – Provides wireless access Linksys – Stream pictures & MP3 to
TV/stereo
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Public Hotspots
2002 2003Retail 11,109 50,287Hotels 2,274 11,687Other 1,369 9,105TOTAL 14,752 71,079
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2007 155M units sold annually (2002-
22.5M, 2003-41.3M) with revenue $700M
98% all notebooks wireless (2003-42%)
31M frequent and 35M infrequent hotspot users with revenue $9B
25,000 hotels wireless access
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Wireless Is Changing All Sectors
Finance – Receive stock quotes realtime Health Care – Hospitals comply 2006
FDA regulation drug dispersal Manufacturing – Forklifts send & receive
data (saved 1 plant $1M annually) Retail – Radio Frequency ID Transportation – Communicate drivers
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Wireless Is Changing All Sectors
Logistics – FedEx handles 3.5M packages daily, wireless handhelds save 10 seconds each stop
Government – Police send and receive data to patrol cars
Military – Send repair information Construction – Supervisors see
number workers on project, instant costing
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Wireless Is Changing Campuses
Massachusetts Task Force – Wireless technology on all campuses
Wake Forest – Wireless adapter included in tuition
Michigan – Wireless on all high school campuses
University of Tennessee – Wireless campus (1,500 access points)
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Wireless Is Changing Education
Changing when and where students access data
Changing how students learn Changing how teach students
in wireless setting Changing what teach students
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Wireless In Education
Define “wireless” Explain how it worksTypes of wireless networks
How impacts education
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Outcome Statements
List 2 wireless technologies Explain what an access point
does List 3 basic wireless security
tools Tell how wireless impacts
higher education
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What Wireless Is and How It Works
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“Wireless” Generically used of any device without wires
More precisely 2-way data transmission without wires
Wireless Devices
Pocket PC Running Windows CE
Handheld PC Running Windows CE
Notebook Running Windows XP
High agility/mobility factorHigh agility/mobility factor
Lowest student per device Lowest student per device cost ratiocost ratio
Stronger Application Stronger Application Development opportunity Development opportunity than Palm OSthan Palm OS
Simple document creationSimple document creation
High agility/mobility factorHigh agility/mobility factor
Lower student per device Lower student per device cost ratiocost ratio
Improved form factor for Improved form factor for student usestudent use
Maximized integration Maximized integration requires MS infrastructurerequires MS infrastructure
Complete 1:1 computing Complete 1:1 computing solutionsolution
Anytime/Anywhere LearningAnytime/Anywhere Learning
Full document creation toolFull document creation tool
Opportunity for greatest Opportunity for greatest impact on learningimpact on learning
Highest 1:1 cost ratioHighest 1:1 cost ratio
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Wireless
Technologies Infrared (IR)Radio frequency (RF)
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Infrared (IR) Uses infrared light (similar characteristics visible light)
Objects can obstruct transmission
Limited distance Line of sight transmission
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Line of Sight
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Radio Frequency (RF)
Uses radio waves (similar to commercial radio)
Unlicensed spectrum Radio waves travel long
distances with less obstruction
Provides true mobility
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Radio Waves
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Types of Wireless Networks
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Scope
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Wireless Personal Area Networks
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Wireless Personal Area
Networks1-to-1 or small group transmissions
Limited distance
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IrDA Wireless data connection using
infrared light Found on notebook computers,
printers, digital cameras, PDAs Functions like serial port Range 3 feet Bandwidth 115 Kbps - 16 Mbps
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IrDA Limitations Limited range Must align devices Objects can obstruct
transmission Moderate speed Only between 2 devices
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Bluetooth Uses RF instead of IR Radio transceivers built into
microprocessor Automatically creates piconet
when devices come in range each other
Range 30 feet Bandwidth 1 Mbps
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Radio Frequency ID (RFID)
Unpowered microchips transmit data using RF
Active, semi-passive, or passive
Read-only or read-write Wal-Mart, McCarran Airport,
US Dept Defense, Michelin
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RFID Size
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Wireless Wide Area Networks
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Wide Area Network Fixed baseband wireless – last
mile connection alternative to DSL, cable modem or ISDN
Fixed broadband wireless – long distance connection alternative to T1 or fiber optic connection
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Wide Area Network Examples
Digital Cellular Telephony Free Space Optics Local/Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service
WiMax (802.16)
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Wireless Local Area Networks
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Wireless LANs Same function of standard
LAN but without wires Based on IEEE standards Also called “Wi-Fi” Range 150-375 feet Bandwidth 11-108 Mbps
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Components of WLANWireless NICAccess Point (AP) Integrated software support in Windows XP & Windows Mobile 2003
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WLAN ModesPeer-to-peer/Ad hoc
Infrastructure
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Peer-to-PeerCreates “private network”No connection to other networks
Only requires wireless NIC
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InfrastructureCreates “public network”Connects to other networks
Requires wireless NIC and AP
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Infrastructure
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Wireless LAN Cells
Create “cells” of coverage similar to cellular telephones
Cells overlap to provide automatic roaming
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Wireless LAN Cells
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IEEE WLAN Standards802.11 (1997) – 2 Mbps 802.11b (1999) – 11 Mbps802.11a (2001) – 54 Mbps802.11g (2003) – 24 Mbps
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802.11b 11 Mbps DSSS 3 non-overlapping channels 2.4 GHz Range 375 feet
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802.11a 54 Mbps (108 Mbps
proprietary) OFDM 8 non-overlapping channels 5 GHz Range 150 feet
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802.11g 22 Mbps (54 Mbps
proprietary) OFDM 3 non-overlapping channels 2.4 GHz Range 200 feet
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Comparison 802.11b – Wider area but slower speed
802.11a – Faster speed but smaller area
802.11g – Good balance of area and speed
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Recent Developments
Dual band AP and wireless NICs Wireless access port – dumb AP
connected to wireless switch Wireless bridge – makes any
device with standard NIC wireless (Xbox)
Device “hop” through other WLAN devices to reach AP
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Recent Developments
Intel Centrino - Pentium-M mobile processor with 802.11b miniPCI wireless NIC
VoIP on WLAN
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Home Wireless Connect all home computer
equipment without cables Share broadband Internet connection Combination AP, router, network
address translation and firewall Microsoft selling hardware 2003 Cisco purchased Linksys $500M
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WLAN Security
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Unique Challenges
Unauthorized users intercept signal and use network
Hackers view transmitted data
Employees install rogue access points
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Security LevelsBasic SecurityIntermediate Security
Advanced Security
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Basic SecurityActive scanning SSIDMAC address filteringWEP encryption & authentication
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Association Association – Establishes link
between wireless devices and AP Based on Service Set Identifier
(SSID) – network name all devices use
SSID serves as “network password” SSID can be sent by AP or manually
installed on each wireless device
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Active Scanning SSID manually installed on
each wireless device in advance
Device sends SSID to AP “Here’s the SSID, let me in!”
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Passive Scanning AP freely sends SSID to all
devices Device listens for SSID “Will you give me the SSID
to join this wireless network?”
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Active Scanning SSID
AP should be set for active scanning
Default on most systems is passive scanning
BUT: May limit roaming
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MAC Address Filter
MAC address of each authorized device is manually entered into AP
Also called “Access Control List” Only devices on AP list are
permitted association BUT: MAC address can be spoofed
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WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
– Data encrypted with up to 4 shared keys
Provides both encryption and authentication
BUT: Flaws in WEP and can be broken by “sniffing” packets
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Intermediate Security
Deploy outside firewall Use virtual private network (VPN) solution
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) – software & firmware upgrade
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WPA Encryption
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
2 keys Per-packet basis
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WPA Access Control
Uses 802.1x Port-based authentication Traffic blocked until client
authenticated by back-end server
Optional Pre-Sharked Key (PSK)
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Advanced Security
802.11i – New IEEE security standard
Uses advanced AES block cipher encryption
Due released early 2004
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Wireless Technology In
Education
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Wireless Technology in Education
Kindergarten – 12Higher educationLibrariesCurriculum
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K-12 Uses Computers-on-wheels (COWs) Extend network with minimal costs Use with outdoor projects Administrators in hallways
determine where student should be
Bus drivers record who boarded
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K-12 Pedagogy
Used to deliver curriculum in classroom Better supports “constructing” knowledge
from experience, interpretation, structured interactions with peers and teachers
Teachers direct students in project-oriented activities vs. lecturing (“Individualized active learning”)
Helps students apply critical thinking skills
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K-12 Pedagogy
“K-12 learning proceeds most rapidly when learners have frequent opportunities to apply ideas they are learning and when feedback on success or failure of an idea comes almost immediately”
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Higher Education Uses
Provide access outside computer lab: classroom, dining hall, quad, dorms
Create coverage where wiring prohibited because building design, asbestos, portable classrooms
Mobile VoIP telephones in classrooms
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Higher Education Uses
Create wireless networked labs in regular classrooms
Make temporary networked classroom Faculty can bring in own notebook
computer and instantly be connected Reduces number of open access
computer labs Planet3 & CompTIA WLAN certifications
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Higher Education Uses
Make latest research data immediately available during experiments for comparison
Increase student computer use across disciplines
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Higher Education Pedagogy
Used to extend class time Allows studying to take place
outside traditional learning areas
Students communicate and research topics outside class while devoting class time to discussion and analysis
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Wireless In Education “When each student got their
own pencil, teaching changed. When each student got their own book, teaching changed. When each student has a wireless notebook, teaching will change again!”
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Library Uses Provide access in the stacks:
perform catalog search without returning to catalog computer
Determine status of a book Used with RFID for inventory
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Curriculum Ubiquity of wireless requires
part of curriculum Student interest based on 25%
homes with computers have multiple computers and networks
Need instruction on wireless deployment and security
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Curriculum Several schools now adding
“Wireless Networking” course or track
Some schools adding wireless coverage to traditional networking course
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Outcome Statements
List 2 wireless technologies Explain what an access point
does List 3 basic wireless security
tools Tell how wireless impacts
higher education
