wireless telecommunications

8/2/2019 Wireless Telecommunications

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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Presented by:

A.Jeyakumar

&

Siva Chidambaram

Email id:[email protected]

[email protected]

Mobile No:9597976944


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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Wireless telecommunications

is the transfer of information between

two or more points that are physically

not connected. Distances can be short,

as a few meters as in television

remote control; or long ranging from

thousands to millions of kilometers

for deep-space radio communications.

It encompasses various types of fixed,

mobile, and portable two-way radios,

cellular telephones, personal digital

assistants (PDAs), and wireless

networking. Other examples ofwireless technology include GPS

units, Garage door openers or garage

doors, wireless computer mice,

keyboards and Headset

(telephone/computer), headphones,

radio receivers, satellite television,

broadcast television and cordless

telephones.

CONTENTS:

Introduction Wireless services Wireless networks Wired vs Wireless LAN Modes Cordless History

oPhotophone

o Early wireless worko Radio

Electromagnetic spectrum Applications of wireless

technology

o Security systems

o Mobile telephoneso Wireless data

communications

o Wireless energy transfero

Computer interfacedevices Categories of wireless

implementations, devices and

standards

See also References

INTRODUCTION

Wireless operations permitsservices, such as long range

communications, that are impossible

or impractical to implement with the

use of wires. The term is commonly

used in the telecommunications

industry to refertotelecommunications

systems (e.g. radio transmitters and

receivers, remote controls, computer

networks, network terminals, etc.)

which use some form of energy (e.g.

radio frequency (RF),acoustic energy,

etc.) to transfer information without

the use of wires. Information is

transferred in this manner over both

short and long distances.

WIRELESS SERVICES

This section does not cite anyreferences or sources. Please

help improve this section by

adding citations to reliable

sources. Unsourced material

may be challenged and

removed.(December 2006)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garage_door_openerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headset_%28telephone/computer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headset_%28telephone/computer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Introductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Modeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Cordlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Photophonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Early_wireless_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Applications_of_wireless_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Applications_of_wireless_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Applications_of_wireless_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Applications_of_wireless_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Security_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Mobile_telephoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_energy_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Computer_interface_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Computer_interface_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Computer_interface_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Computer_interface_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Computer_interface_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Categories_of_wireless_implementations.2C_devices_and_standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Computer_interface_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Computer_interface_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_energy_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_data_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Mobile_telephoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Security_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Applications_of_wireless_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Applications_of_wireless_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Early_wireless_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Photophonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Cordlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Modeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Wireless_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless#Introductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headset_%28telephone/computer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headset_%28telephone/computer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garage_door_openerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radio


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Common examples of wireless

equipment include:

Telemetry control and trafficcontrol systems

Infrared and ultrasonic remotecontrol devices

Modulated laser light systemsfor point to point

communications

Professional LMR (LandMobile Radio) and SMR

(Specialized Mobile Radio)

typically used by business,

industrial and Public Safetyentities.

Consumer Two way radioincluding FRS Family Radio

Service, GMRS (General

Mobile Radio Service) and

Citizens band ("CB") radios.

The Amateur Radio Service(Ham radio).

Consumer and professionalMarine VHF radios.

Airband and radio navigationequipment used by aviators and

air traffic control

Cellular telephones and pagers:provide connectivity for

portable and mobile

applications, both personal and

business.

Global Positioning System(GPS): allows drivers of cars

and trucks, captains of boats

and ships, and pilots of aircraft

to ascertain their location

anywhere on earth.

Cordless computer peripherals:the cordless mouse is a

common example; keyboards

and printers can also be linked

to a computer via wireless

using technology such as

Wireless USB or Bluetooth

Cordless telephone sets: theseare limited-range devices, not

to be confused with cell

phones.

Satellite television: Is broadcastfrom satellites in geostationary

orbit. Typical services use

direct broadcast satellite toprovide multiple television

channels to viewers.

WIRELESS NETWORKS

Wireless networking (i.e. the

various types of unlicensed 2.4 GHz

WiFi devices) is used to meet many

needs. Perhaps the most common use

is to connect laptop users who travel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Mobile_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Mobile_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_way_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Radio_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Radio_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_navigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordless_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordless_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_navigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Radio_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Radio_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_way_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Mobile_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Mobile_Radio


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from location to location. Another

common use is for mobile networks

that connect via satellite. A wireless

transmission method is a logical

choice to network a LAN segment

that must frequently change locations.

The following situations justify theuse of wireless technology:

To span a distance beyond thecapabilities of typical cabling,

To provide a backupcommunications link in case of

normal network failure,

To link portable or temporaryworkstations,

To overcome situations wherenormal cabling is difficult or

financially impractical, or

To remotely connect mobileusers or networks.

WIRED VS WIRELESS

TECHNOLOGY

Computer networks for the

home and small business can be built

using either wired or wireless

technology. Wired Ethernet has been

the traditional choice in homes, but

Wi-Fi wireless technologies are

gaining ground fast. Both wired and

wireless can claim advantages over

the other; both represent viable

options for home and other local areanetworks (LANs).

Below we compare wired and

wireless networking in five key areas:

ease of installation

total cost reliability performance security

About Wired LANs

Wired LANs use Ethernet cables and

network adapters. Although two

computers can be directly wired to

each other using an Ethernet

crossover cable, wired LANs

generally also require central devices

like hubs, switches, or routers to

accommodate more computers.

For dial-up connections to the

Internet, the computer hosting the

modem must run Internet Connection

Sharing or similar software to share

the connection with all other

computers on the LAN. Broadband

routers allow easier sharing of cable

modem or DSL Internet connections,

plus they often include built-in

firewall support.

Installation

Ethernet cables must be run from each

computer to another computer or to

the central device. It can be time-

consuming and difficult to run cables

under the floor or through walls,especially when computers sit in

different rooms. Some newer homes

are pre-wired with CAT5 cable,

greatly simplifying the cabling

process and minimizing unsightly

cable runs.
http://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ethernet.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-wifi.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-lan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-lan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-adapter.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkcables/g/bldef_crossover.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkcables/g/bldef_crossover.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-hub.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-switch.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-router.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-modem.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ics.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ics.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/dslcablerouters/g/bldef_bbrouter.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/dslcablerouters/g/bldef_bbrouter.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-firewall.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-cat5.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-cat5.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-firewall.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/dslcablerouters/g/bldef_bbrouter.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/dslcablerouters/g/bldef_bbrouter.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ics.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ics.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-modem.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-router.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-switch.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-hub.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkcables/g/bldef_crossover.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkcables/g/bldef_crossover.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-adapter.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-lan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-lan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-wifi.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ethernet.htm


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The correct cabling configuration for

a wired LAN varies depending on the

mix of devices, the type of Internet

connection, and whether internal or

external modems are used. However,

none of these options pose any more

difficulty than, for example, wiring ahome theater system.

After hardware installation, the

remaining steps in configuring either

wired or wireless LANs do not differ

much. Both rely on standard Internet

Protocol and network operating

system configuration options. Laptopsand other portable devices often enjoy

greater mobility in wireless home

network installations (at least for as

long as their batteries allow).

Cost

Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are

very inexpensive. Some connection

sharing software packages, like ICS,

are free; some cost a nominal fee.

Broadband routers cost more, but

these are optional components of a

wired LAN, and their higher cost is

offset by the benefit of easier

installation and built-in security

features.

Reliability

Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are

extremely reliable, mainly because

manufacturers have been continually

improving Ethernet technology over

several decades. Loose cables likely

remain the single most common and

annoying source of failure in a wired

network. When installing a wired

LAN or moving any of the

components later, be sure to carefully

check the cable connections.

Broadband routers have also suffered

from some reliability problems in the

past. Unlike other Ethernet gear, these

products are relatively new, multi-

function devices. Broadband routers

have matured over the past several

years and their reliability has

improved greatly.

Performance

Wired LANs offer superior

performance. Traditional Ethernet

connections offer only 10 Mbps

bandwidth, but 100 Mbps Fast

Ethernet technology costs little more

and is readily available. Although 100

Mbps represents a theoretical

maximum performance never really

achieved in practice, Fast Ethernet

should be sufficient for home file

sharing, gaming, and high-speed

Internet access for many years into

the future.

Wired LANs utilizing hubs can suffer

performance slowdown if computersheavily utilize the network

simultaneously. Use Ethernet

switches instead of hubs to avoid this

problem; a switch costs little morethan a hub.
http://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-modem.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ip.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ip.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-nos.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-nos.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-kbps.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-kbps.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-nos.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-nos.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ip.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-ip.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-modem.htm


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Security

For any wired LAN connected to the

Internet, firewalls are the primary

security consideration. WiredEthernet hubs and switches do not

support firewalls. However, firewall

software products like ZoneAlarm can

be installed on the computers

themselves. Broadband routers offer

equivalent firewall capability built

into the device, configurable through

its own software.

About Wireless LANs

Popular WLAN technologies all

follow one of the three main Wi-Fi

communication standards. The

benefits of wireless networking

depend on the standard employed:

802.11b was the first standardto be widely used in WLANs.

The 802.11a standard is fasterbut more expensive than

802.11b; 802.11a is more

commonly found in business

networks.

The newest standard, 802.11g,attempts to combine the best of

both 802.11a and 802.11b,

though it too is more a more

expensive home networkingoption.

Installation

Wi-Fi networks can be configured in

two different ways:

"Ad hoc" mode allows wirelessdevices to communicate in

peer-to-peer mode with each

other.

"Infrastructure" mode allowswireless devices to

communicate with a central

node that in turn can

communicate with wired nodeson that LAN.

Most LANs require infrastructure

mode to access the Internet, a local

printer, or other wired services,

whereas ad hoc mode supports onlybasic file sharing between wireless

devices.

Both Wi-Fi modes require wireless

network adapters, sometimes called

WLAN cards. Infrastructure mode

WLANs additionally require a central

device called the access point. The

access point must be installed in a

central location where wireless radiosignals can reach it with minimal

interference. Although Wi-Fi signals

typically reach 100 feet (30 m) or

more, obstructions like walls can

greatly reduce their range.

Cost

Wireless gear costs somewhat morethan the equivalent wired Ethernet

products. At full retail prices, wireless

adapters and access points may cost

three or four times as much as

Ethernet cable adapters and

hubs/switches, respectively. 802.11b
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products have dropped in price

considerably with the release of

802.11g, and obviously, bargain sales

can be found if shoppers are

persistent.

Reliability

Wireless LANs suffer a few more

reliability problems than wired LANs,

though perhaps not enough to be a

significant concern. 802.11b and

802.11g wireless signals are subject to

interference from other home

applicances including microwaveovens, cordless telephones, and

garage door openers. With careful

installation, the likelihood of

interference can be minimized.

Wireless networking products,

particularly those that implement

802.11g, are comparatively new. As

with any new technology, expect it

will take time for these products to

mature.

Performance

Wireless LANs using 802.11b

support a maximum theoretical

bandwidth of 11 Mbps, roughly the

same as that of old, traditional

Ethernet. 802.11a and 802.11gWLANs support 54 Mbps, that is

approximately one-half the bandwidth

of Fast Ethernet. Furthermore, Wi-Fi

performance is distance sensitive,

meaning that maximum performance

will degrade on computers farther

away from the access point or other

communication endpoint. As more

wireless devices utilize the WLAN

more heavily, performance degrades

even further.

Overall, the performance of 802.11a

and 802.11g is sufficient for home

Internet connection sharing and file

sharing, but generally not sufficient

for home LAN gaming.

The greater mobility of wireless

LANs helps offset the performance

disadvantage. Mobile computers donot need to be tied to an Ethernet

cable and can roam freely within the

WLAN range. However, many home

computers are larger desktop models,

and even mobile computers must

sometimes be tied to an electrical cord

and outlet for power. This undermines

the mobility advantage of WLANs in

many homes.

Security

In theory, wireless LANs are

less secure than wired LANs, because

wireless communication signals travel

through the air and can easily be

intercepted. To prove their point,

some engineers have promoted the

practice of wardriving, that involvestraveling through a residential area

with Wi-Fi equipment scanning the

airwaves for unprotected WLANs. On

balance, though, the weaknesses of

wireless security are more theoretical

than practical. WLANs protect their
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data through the Wired Equivalent

Privacy (WEP) encryption standard,

that makes wireless communications

reasonably as safe as wired ones in

homes.

No computer network is completely

secure and homeowners should

research this topic to ensure they are

aware of and comfortable with the

risks. Important security

considerations for homeowners tend

to not be related to whether the

network is wired or wireless but

rather ensuring:

the home's Internet firewall isproperly configured

the family is familiar with thedanger of Internet "spoof

emails" and how to recognize

them

the family is familiar with theconcept of "spyware" and how

to avoid it babysitters, housekeepers and

other visitors do not haveunwanted access to the network

Wired vs Wireless

Wired Wireless

Installation

moderate

difficulty

easier, but

bewareinterference

Cost less more

Reliability highreasonably

high

Performancevery good good

Securityreasonably

good

reasonably

good

Mobility limited outstanding

MODES

Wireless communications can be via:

radiofrequency communication, microwave communication, for

example long-range line-of-

sight via highly directional

antennas, or short-range

communication,

infrared(IR)short-rangecommunication,for

example from consumer IR

devices such as remote controls

or via Infrared DataAssociation (IrDA).

Applications may involve point-to-

point communication, point-to-

multipointcommunication,

broadcasting, cellular networks andother wireless networks.

CORDLESS

The term "wireless" should not

be confused with the term "cordless",

which is generally used to refer to

powered electrical or electronidevices

that are able to operate from a

portable power source (e.g. a battery

pack) without any cable or cord to

limit the mobility of the cordless

device through a connection to the

mains power supply.
http://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-wep.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-wep.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_IRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_IRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-wep.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-wep.htm


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Some cordless devices, such as

cordless telephones, are also wireless

in the sense that information is

transferred from the cordless

telephone to the telephone's base unit

via some type of wireless

communications link. This has caused

some disparity in the usage of the

term "cordless", for example in

Digital Enhanced Cordless

Telecommunications.

HISTORY

PHOTOPHONE

The world's first wireless

telephone conversation occurred in

1880, when Alexander Graham Bell

and Charles Sumner Tainter invented

and patented the photophone, a

telephone that conducted audio

conversations wirelessly over

modulated light beams (which are

narrow projections ofelectromagneticwaves). In that distant era when

utilities did not yet exist to provide

electricity, and lasers had not even

been conceived of in science fiction,

there were no practical applications

for their invention, which was highly

limited by the availability of both

sunlight and good weather. Similar to

free space optical communication, the

photophone also required a clear line

of sight between its transmitter and its

receiver. It would be several decades

before the photophone's principles

found their first practical applications

in military communications and laterin fiber-optic communications.

EARLY WIRELESS WORK

David E. Hughes, eight yearsbefore Hertz's experiments,

transmitted radio signals over a few

hundred yards by means of a

clockwork keyed transmitter. As this

was before Maxwell's work was

understood, Hughes' contemporaries

dismissed his achievement as mere

"Induction". In 1885, T. A. Edison

used a vibrator magnet for inductiontransmission. In 1888, Edison

deployed a system of signaling on the

Lehigh Valley Railroad. In 1891,

Edison obtained the wireless patent

for this method using inductance(U.S. Patent 465,971).

In the history of wireless technology,

the demonstration of the theory of

electromagnetic waves by HeinrichHertz in 1888 was important. The

theory of electromagnetic waves was

predicted from the research of James

Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday.

Hertz demonstrated that

electromagnetic waves could be

transmitted and caused to travel

through space at straight lines and that

they were able to be received by an

experimental apparatus. The

experiments were not followed up by

Hertz. Jagadish Chandra Bose around

this time developed an early wireless

detection device and helped increase

the knowledge of millimeter length
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disparityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_beamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_space_optical_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edisonhttp://www.google.com/patents?vid=465971http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_%28radio%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_%28radio%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wavehttp://www.google.com/patents?vid=465971http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_space_optical_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_beamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disparityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_%28telecommunications%29


10/13

electromagnetic waves. Practical

applications of wireless radio

communication and radio remote

control technology were implemented

by later inventors, such as NikolaTesla.

RADIO

The term "wireless" came into

public use to refer to a radio receiver

or transceiver (a dual purpose receiver

and transmitter device), establishing

its usage in the field of wireless

telegraphy early on; now the term isused to describe modern wireless

connections such as in cellular

networks and wireless broadband

Internet. It is also used in a general

sense to refer to any type of operation

that is implemented without the use of

wires, such as "wireless remote

control" or "wireless energy transfer",

regardless of the specific technology

(e.g. radio, infrared, ultrasonic) used.Guglielmo Marconi and Karl

Ferdinand Braun were awarded the

1909 Nobel Prize for Physics for theircontribution to wireless telegraphy.

ELECTROMAGNETICSPECTRUM

Light, colors, AM and FM

radio, and electronic devices make

use of the electromagnetic spectrum.The frequencies of the radio spectrum

that are available for use for

communication are treated as a public

resource and are regulated by national

organizations such as the Federal

Communications Commission in the

USA, or Ofcom in the United

Kingdom. This determines which

frequency ranges can be used for what

purpose and by whom. In the absence

of such control or alternative

arrangements such as a privatized

electromagnetic spectrum, chaos

might result if, for example, airlines

didn't have specific frequencies to

work under and an amateur radio

operator were interfering with the

pilot's ability to land an aircraft.

Wireless communication spans the

spectrum from 9 kHz to 300 GHz.

APPLICATIONS OF WIRELESS

TECHNOLOGY

SECURITY SYSTEMS

Wireless technology may

supplement or replace hard wired

implementations in security systems

for homes or office buildings.

MOBILE TELEPHONES

One of the best-known

examples of wireless technology is

the mobile phone, also known as a

cellular phone, with more than 4.6

billion mobile cellular subscriptions

worldwide as of the end of 2010.

These wireless phones use radiowaves to enable their users to make

phone calls from many locations

worldwide. They can be used within

range of the mobile telephone site

used to house the equipment required
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Teslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Teslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofcomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burglar_alarmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burglar_alarmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofcomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Teslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla


11/13

to transmit and receive the radiosignals from these instruments.

WIRELES DATA COMMUNICATION

Wireless data communicationsare an essential component of mobile

computing. The various available

technologies differ in local

availability, coverage range and

performance, and in some

circumstances, users must be able to

employ multiple connection types and

switch between them. To simplify the

experience for the user, connectionmanager software can be used, or a

mobile VPN deployed to handle the

multiple connections as a secure,

single virtual network. Supporting

technologies include:

Wi-Fi is a wireless local area

network that enables portable

computing devices to connect

easily to the Internet.Standardized as IEEE 802.11

a,b,g,n, Wi-Fi approaches

speeds of some types of wired

Ethernet. Wi-Fi has become the

de facto standard for access in

private homes, within offices,

and at public hotspots. Some

businesses charge customers a

monthly fee for service, while

others have begun offering it

for free in an effort to increase

the sales of their goods.

Cellular data service offers

effective coverage within a

range of 10-15 miles from the

nearest cell site. Speeds have

increased as technologies have

evolved, from earlier

technologies such as GSM,

CDMA and GPRS, to 3G

networks such as W-CDMA,

EDGE or CDMA2000.

MobileSatelliteCommunications may be used where other

wireless connections are

unavailable, such as in largely

rural areas or remote locations.

Satellite communications are

especially important for

transportation, aviation,maritime and military use.

WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER

Wireless energy transfer is a process

whereby electrical energy is

transmitted from a power source to an

electrical load that does not have a

built-in power source, without the use

of interconnecting wires.

COMPUTER INTERFACE DEVICES

Answering the call of

customers frustrated with cord clutter,

many manufactures of computer

peripherals turned to wireless

technology to satisfy their consumer

base. Originally these units used

bulky, highly limited transceivers to

mediate between a computer and a

keyboard and mouse, however more

recent generations have used small,

high quality devices, some even

incorporating Bluetooth. These
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_virtual_private_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-CDMA_%28UMTS%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-CDMA_%28UMTS%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_virtual_private_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio


12/13

systems have become so ubiquitous

that some users have begun

complaining about a lack of wired

peripherals. Wireless devices tend to

have a slightly slower response time

than their wired counterparts,

however the gap is decreasing. Initial

concerns about the security of

wireless keyboards have also been

addressed with the maturation of the

technology.

CONCLUSION

You've studied the analysis andare ready to make your

decision. Bottom line, then,

which is better - wired or

wireless? The table below

summarizes the main criteria

we've considered in this article.

If you are very cost-conscious,

need maximum performance of

your home system, and don't

care much about mobility, thena wired Ethernet LAN is

probably right for you.

If on the other hand, cost is lessof an issue, you like being an

early adopter of leading-edge

technologies, and you are really

concerned about the task of

wiring your home or small

business with Ethernet cable,then you should certainly

consider a wireless LAN.

Many of you will naturally fallsomewhere in between these

two extremes. If you're still

undecided, consider asking

friends and family about their

experiences with building

LANs. And, spend just a few

more minutes with our

interactive Home Network

Advisor tool. It should help

you decide on the type of

network as well as the gear you

will want to have.

Categories of wireless

implementations, devices andstandards

Radio communication system Broadcasting Amateur radio Land Mobile Radio

Communication radio

Cordless telephony:DECT(Digital Enhanced Cordless

Telecommunications)

Cellular networks: 0G,1G,2G,3G, Beyond 3G (4G), Future

wireless Short-range point-to-point

communication : Wireless

microphones, Remote controls,

IrDA, RFID (Radio Frequency

Identification), TransferJet,

Wireless USB, DSRC

(Dedicated Short Range

Communications), EnOcean,

Near Field Communication Wireless sensor networks:

ZigBee, EnOcean; Personal

area networks, Bluetooth,

TransferJet, Ultra-wideband

(UWB from WiMedia

Alliance).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_communication_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Mobile_Radio_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communication_radio&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordless_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-range&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_microphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_microphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransferJethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_short-range_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_short-range_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_short-range_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnOceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnOceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransferJethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-widebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMedia_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMedia_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMedia_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMedia_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-widebandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransferJethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetoothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnOceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnOceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_short-range_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_short-range_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_short-range_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransferJethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_microphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_microphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-range&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Enhanced_Cordless_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordless_telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communication_radio&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Mobile_Radio_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_communication_system


13/13

Wireless networks: WirelessLAN (WLAN), (IEEE 802.11

branded as Wi-Fi and

HiperLAN), Wireless

Metropolitan Area Networks

(WMAN) and Broadband Fixed

Access (BWA) (LMDS,

WiMAX, AIDAAS and

HiperMAN)

SEE ALSO

Mobile (disambiguation) History of radio, Timeline of

radio, Digital radio, Radioresource management (RRM)

Ham radio Hotspot (Wi-Fi), Wireless

energy transfer, True wireless,

Wireless security, Wireless

access point

Personal area network,comparison of wireless data

standards, List of emerging

technologies Radio antenna Television antenna Terrestrial television Tuner (radio) Tuner (television)

REFERENCES

1. "ATIS Telecom Glossary2007".atis.org.

http://www.atis.org/tg2k/.

Retrieved 2008-03-16.

2. Alfred Thomas (1904). A storyof wireless telegraphy. New

York, D. Appleton and Co..

3. "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz".chem.ch.huji.ac.il.

http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugen

iik/history/hertz.htm. Retrieved

2008-03-16.

4. J.C. Bose, Collected PhysicalPapers. New York, N.Y.:Longmans, Green and Co.,

1927

5. Hard-wired VS Wireless HomeSecurity Systems

6. Robust demand for mobilephone service will continue,

UN agency predicts UN News

Centre February 15, 2010

7. TCO Insights on RuggedMobile Computers, VDC

Research, 2007.

8. High Speed Internet on theRoad,http://www.geeksontour.c

om/showme/wifi/wifi00_3ways

.cfm

9. Mitchell, Bradley. WirelessInternet Service: An

Introduction10.What is Connection Manager?

Microsoft Technet, March 28,

2003
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