Wireless MEMS –Sensor Networks for Monitoring and Condition Assessment of Lifeline SystemsDebasis Karmakar1 and Chulsung Park2

Faculty Advisor: Prof. Masanobu Shinozuka1 and Prof. Pai Chou2

1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

University of California, IrvineSponsors: NSF/ Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research

Simulated Water Head Gradient

Damage in P111

DuraNode and Eco

Damage in P111 & P24

(a) Top View (b) Side View

DuraNode

Photos of DuraNode and Eco

(a) On the finger (b) Side View (c) Top View

Eco

Specifications of MEMS Accelerometers

Part Name Acce. Range

(g)

Axis Sensitivity

(mV/g)

Freq.

(HZ)

Size

(mm)

Power

(mW)

Price

($)

SD1221(Silicon Designs) ±2 One 2000 0 ~ 400 9x9x3 50 130

H34C(Hitach Metals) ±3 Three 333 0 ~ 100 3.4x3.7x0.9 1 9.8

MMA7260Q (Freescale) ±1.5 Three 800 0 ~ 150 6x6x1.5 2 5.67

ADXL202(AnalogDevice) ±2 Two 375 0 ~ 6K 5x5x2 1.8 12.6

KXM52-1050(Kionix) ±2 Three 660 0 ~ 3K 5x5x1.8 5 100 40050Cost ($) @ 1000

200 ~ 30010 ~ 20 Radio Range (m)

WiFi / 2.4GHz Radio2.4GHz Custom RadioWireless Interface

Fast Ethernet, OpticalSerial, SPIWired Interface

4000mAh Li-Ion30mAh Li-PolymerBattery

11M1MMax. Air Data Rate (bps)

Max. 1000Max. 100Power Consumption (mW)

Three SD1221, GyroscopeOne H34CSensor

140 x 80 x 2013 x 11 x 8Size (mm)

DuraNodeEco

40050Cost ($) @ 1000

200 ~ 30010 ~ 20 Radio Range (m)

WiFi / 2.4GHz Radio2.4GHz Custom RadioWireless Interface

Fast Ethernet, OpticalSerial, SPIWired Interface

4000mAh Li-Ion30mAh Li-PolymerBattery

11M1MMax. Air Data Rate (bps)

Max. 1000Max. 100Power Consumption (mW)

Three SD1221, GyroscopeOne H34CSensor

140 x 80 x 2013 x 11 x 8Size (mm)

DuraNodeEco

Comparison of Eco and DuraNode

DuraNode

DuraNode

DuraNode

DuraNode

Water Pipe

Network

CAP

Node B

Node ANode D

Node C

Valve

Water Input

62”62”

62”

31”

9.5”

62”

Diameter of the pipe: 1”

CAP

Node B

Node ANode D

Node C

Valve

Water Input

62”62”

62”

31”

9.5”

62”

Diameter of the pipe: 1”

xx

(a) Photo of Water Pipe

Network

(b) Dimension of Water Pipe Network and locations where 4 DuraNodes are installed

0.28g

(b)

0.75g

0.28g

(b)

0.75g

Purpose : Demonstrate capability of a wireless MEMS sensor network to identify location and intensity of water pipeline network damage

Demonstration : Deploy DuraNodes at four locations on the surface of laboratory-scale pipeline network as shown in Fig. 1. Record and

visualize in real time on one laptop computer sharp temporary change in the acceleration at these four locations.

Method : Use a sensor and communication network of DuraNodes or Eco developed at UCI equipped with MEMS acceleration sensors.

Identify a point of damage in the network at which acceleration gradient is locally maximum

� Analytical simulation of hydraulic transient in a water supply pipeline network demonstrates that pipe damage can be found along pipe (link)

between two adjacent joints (nodes) at which head change (gradient) is locally maximum

� Simple experiments show that sharp change in water head in a pipe can be detected by capturing equally sharp change in acceleration of pipe

surface vibration

DuraNode

Valve Closed Valve Open Valve Shut

Water Head vs Acceleration

� Conceptual frame work is developed for a GIS-Based SCADA system to

provide a practical real-time damage identification tool for effective disaster

response

� This is done by monitoring water pressure on-line at pervasively installed

sensors within the system

� An index of water head gradient is introduced and used as a key parameter

to locate damaged pipe

� Use flow rate information to achieve more accurate results

� Optimize number and locations of monitoring stations

� Apply to regional water utilities (e.g. Irvine Ranch Water District) as

test-bed

Detected accelerationDetected acceleration

Open Shut

Setup for Preliminary Experiment Acceleration Data of 4 DuraNodes under High Pressure

Conclusions Future Study

Preliminary Experiment(invasive) (non-invasive)

Background