Wireless Home automation for Long range communication using

Internet of Things

B.Siva Shankari, P.Ramya, S.V.Ponguzhali

U.G Scholar Department of computer science and Engineering,K.Ramakrishnan college of

technology,Samayapuram,Trichy.

Abstract

Home automation uses technology to

monitor the environment with the help of

various sensors, control the electrical

appliances and communicate the outer

world. In this trend,need of smart home is

increasing more. The home automation

system is a key for energy conservation

that can be equipped in normal buildings.

As there are many merits of wireless

technology over wired, WSN technology

is used in most home automation. In this

paper we present the design and

implementation of a smart home based on

IoT using wireless sensor network system.

The system can monitor the light , PIR

(Motion detection) , gas Leakage and fire

detection have infrared sensor to

guarantees the family security. The

monitored data is automatically send to

Database via Wifi module . The system

can be connected to internet to monitor

and control home from anywhere in the

world.

Introduction

In order to effectively save human

lives and assets in severe disaster

situations, advanced technologies have

been utilized in emergency situations. The

technologies mainly rely on cellular

networks or mobile broadcasting networks.

Cell broadcast service broadcasts

emergency messages to the users in a

specific cell area via cellular networks.

Automatic emergency alert services

broadcasts emergency messages via

mobile broadcasting networks such as

terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting.

However technologies are available only

when network infrastructure including

repeaters can still sustain in the emergency

situations. Recently lots of attention has

been paid to internet of things since IOT

technologies enable a machine to machine

connectivity without any aid of network

infrastructure. Therefore , IOT technology

is considered a strong candidate for

communication when network

infrastructure undergo a serious damage

due to natural or social disasters. However

the research trends of IOT mainly

emphasize low cost and low power

operation rather than long range

communication. In this paper, a novel

transceiver is proposed for long range

communication. The IOT transceiver can

afford to support the service coverage

network in the case of network outage. The

transceiver is based on IEEE802.ah

protocol guarantee low cost and low power

operation. The WiFi protocol also supports

a mild range service for low data rate

M2M connectivity in emergency situations

such as network outages. However the

broadcast coverage for emergency

message is usually larger than he

IEE802.ah coverage. Therefore, a novel

architecture is required in order to enlarge

the service coverage of the IEE802.ah

protocol.

As an emerging WLAN technology,

the IEE802.ah standard specifies a WLAN

system operating at sub 1 GHZ licence

exempt bands. In the standard, the sub 1

GHZ licence exempt bands imply the

carrier frequencies lower than 1GHZ.

Especially, 900 MHZ is one of the most

popular carrier frequencies for the

IEEE802.ah. Since the IEEE802.ah

operates at the higher carrier frequency

lower than 1GHZ, it provides much longer

communication range than the

conventional WLAN standards operating

at 2.4 GHZ. The IEEE802.ah protocol

relies on orthogonal frequency division

multiplexing technology for robust

transmission under frequency selective

channels. In the standard, the number of

subcarriers for OFDM technology is 64 at

2 MHZ bandwidth. However, only 58

subcarriers are used for data transfer in the

IEEE802.ah. On the other hand , the

proposed architecture fully exploits the 64

subcarriers for the transmission of

emergency messages at 2 MHZ bandwidth,

which guarantees higher data rate than the

minimum data rate of IEEE802.ah. Due to

slight modification of the standard

frequency domain channel estimation is

unavailable on the preamble since it just

contains pilot data for 58 subcarriers.

Therefore, time domain least square

method is utilized on the preamble for

channel estimation, which estimates the

channel parameters for 64 subcarriers.

Further, TD-Ls method effectively exploits

the preamble structure for channel

estimation, which leads to better

estimation performance than FD channel

estimation performance than FD channel

estimation. In addition, the presented

transceiver utilizes a concatenated coding

approach in order to further increase the

communication range, which especially

satisfies the service coverage of repeaters

for mobile broadcasting networks. The

concatenated coder consists of inner coder

and outer coder. As an inner coder, the

transceiver utilizes the propose quasi

orthogonal coder, which is similar to the

QO spreader in 2.4GHZ PAN systems. As

the outer coder, the transceiver utilizes the

binary convolutional coder as specified in

the 802.11ah standard. The proposed inner

coder significantly contributes to lengthen

the service range at the expense of data

rate, which can be compensated by entire

usage of 64 subcarriers.

Experimental results exhibit that the

proposed transceiver gives better channel

estimation performance, better receiver

performance, longer communication range.

They also show that the presented

approach is very suitable for IOT

communication of emergency messages in

emergency environments.

The rest of the paper is organized as

follows: Section 2 describes the IOT

services based on IEEE802.11ah as related

works. Section 3 describes the

IEEE802.11ah protocol under

standardization. Section 4 details the

proposed transceiver architecture for IOT

communication of emergency of message.

The experimental evaluation in section 5

addresses the excellent performance for

the presented transceiver. Section 5

concludes the paper.

Related works: IOT services based on

IEEE802.11ah

The IEEE802.11ah task group adopted

several use cases as application examples

for IEEE802.11ah WiFi. Among the use

cases, the IOT related services include

smart grid scenario based on

IEEE802.11ah and backhaul network

based on IEEE802.11ah.

This Illustrates the smart grid scenario

based on IEEE802.11ah. Smart grid

systems have been devised in order to

support significant improvements in the

efficiency, reliability, economics and

sustainability of electricity services.

Therefore, smart grid requires a reliable

and pervasive communication framework

for two way flow of information. From

the diagram smart measures home utility

data such as person movement, gas

leakage, fire accidents and temperature.

Then smart metres transmit the measured

data to the IEEE802.11ah access point via

IEEE802.11ah WIFI protocol. After

collecting the measured data, the AP

retransmits the the collected data to

distributed automation device make a

decision for optimal usage of utility data,

and transmit the decision command to he

home smart meter via IEEE802.11ah WIFI

protocol.

This diagram illustrates the backhaul

network based on the IEEE802.11ah. It

belongs to WPAN systems and is called

the wireless smart metering utility

network. WI-Sun is attached to home

smart metres and manages and controls

home utility data. Therefore, smart metres

transmit the measured utility data to the

15.4g/11ah gateway via the

IEEE802.15.4g protocol. Since the

IEEE802.15.4g is a kind of WPAN, it

supports short range communication.

Therefore, the distance between the smart

meter and the 25.4g/11 ah is short. The

distance between the AP and the GW is

much longer than the distance between the

GW and home smart meter. Finally, the

IEEE802.11ah AP transmits the received

utility data to the control and data base

determines the decision for optimal usage

of utility data, and transmit the decision

command to the home smart meter via the

backhaul network and the IEE802.11ah

protocol.

Proposed system

Service model for long-range IOT

communication:

The service model for long-range IOT

communication .In the service model ,it is

assumed that a repeater is located in the

place where an urgent emergency occurs.

A host station transmits an emergency alert

signal to the repeater when an urgent

emergency occurs .The host station can be

a base station or a TV station in cellular

service or mobile broadcasting service ,

respectively .However , the repeater is

assumed to be unavailable in the service

model since it may undergo a serious

damage due to emergency events such as

natural or social disasters .Even in the case

, a mobile terminal near the repeater can

receive the emergency alert message from

the host station . Then , it enables the

long-term IOT service. Using the IOT

service , the mobile terminal retransmits

the alert message to other mobile terminals

which cannot receive.

Proposed transceiver architecture for

long-range IOT communication:

The proposed transceiver also operates at

2MHz bandwidth and utilizes the novel

MCS mode denoted as MCS 11.Table11

describes the MSC11 mode . Unlike the

conventional modes of table1 , the MCS11

mode fully utilizes the 64 subcarriers.

Therefore , null data do not exist in one

OFDM symbol. Which illustrates the data

format in one OFMD symbol for the

proposed transceiver . However number of

information bits is 8 in table11.In other

words , one OFMD symbol contains 8-bits

information . Therefore , the data rate of

MCS 11 is about one-sixth of that of

MCS1 . The proposed transceiver exhibits

the low data rate due to the use of

additional inner code(QO coder) .

However , the transceiver significantly

enlarges the service range of IEEE802.11

ah WLAN at the expense of the data rate.

Components required:

Wifi Module

The ESP8266 WIFI module is a self

contained SOC with integrated TCP / IP

protocol that can give any microcontroller

access to your WIFI network.The

ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an

application or offloading all WIFI

networking function from another

application processor.ESP8266 module is

an extermly cost effective board with a

huge, and ever growing community.

Gas Leakage Sensors

The gas leakage circuit uses the SEN-1327

Gas sensors module from RhydoLABZ .

Its output goes high when the gas level

reaches or exceeds certain point.A preset

in the module is used to set the threshold.

Interfacing with the sensor module is

donethrough a 4-pin SIP header.

Pin details of the gas sensors module. An

MQ-6 gas sensor is used in the gas sensors

module. The sensor can also be used to

detect combustible gases,especially

methane.

PIR Sensors

The PIR sensors itself has two slots in it,

each slot is made of a special material that

is sensitive to IR .The lens used here is not

really doing good and so we see that the

two slots can show out past some distance

(basically the sensitivity of the

sensor).When the sensor is idle ,both slots

detect the same amount of IR .When a

warm body like a human or animal passes

by, it first intercepts one half of the PIR

sensor,which causes a positive differential

change between the two halves.

Arduino

Ardunio/Genuino uno is a microcontroller

board based on

theATmega328P(datasheet).It has 14

digital input /output pins (of which 6 can

be used as PWM outputs),6 analog inputs

are a16 MHZ quartz crystal, a USB

connection ,a power jack , a header

and a reset button. It contains everything

needed to support the microcontroller;

simply connected it to a computer with a

USB cable it with a AC-to-DC adapter or

battery to get started. You can tinker with

UNO without worrying too much about

doing something incorrect ,worst case

scenario you can replace the chip and start

over again.

Conclusion

A IOT system integrate electrical

device in a house with each other. The

techniques which are going to use in home

automation include those in building

automation as well the control of domestic

activities such as tv, fan, gas leakage

etc.After studying and understanding

literature survey and other existing

works,we proposed, a technology that will

give as better understanding of the

environment condition in home.

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