wireless detection system

8/12/2019 Wireless Detection System

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This project will not working if RF damage

LCD will reset when all the circuit on the project is reset. Literally to reset it by ON/OFF

dc adapter

Adapter can provide stable and continuous voltage supply

Using portable RX to easy us to carry anywhere/ it count every second because it been

programmed to show that TX encounter problem when RX count every second.. it also

can detect whether the system is functional or not.. that is the purpose of counting every

second

The assignment should have certain thickness that could block the light pass through. If

student using tranparens paper, this project will not work.

Thickness around 0.05cm or above

100m (fos)

It can be work as long there is no important component been take out or burnt such as

microcontroller ATMEGA328, Voltage Regulator, 10k resistor, RF module,

This only work under RF module condition only nor this will not work whether there is

wifi,bluetooth or other wireless communication

RF comm. Not need pincode such as bluetooth or wifi security protocol\

Yes, it work as usual

ACTIVE COMP.:microcontroller,rf module / PASSIVE COMP.:resistor, capacitor

No idea

Lighten the burden for lecturer to check the quantity of assignment each time/ wireless/

portable/ easy to carry on/ check the status on real-time update

Have to insert slowly but not quickly

12V is stable and provide suffiencent power. 9V battery will exhaust, can be used but not

for long period/ This project actually work under 5V

Fritzing / Proteus/ Eagle PCB Designer,

As processor. Yes


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No

As sensor to detect intensity of light

To provide feed to microcontroller (as mechanical switch)

To reduce 12v to 5v

HT12D, HT12E

The circuit that not need arduino uno board to operate, it can be operate by it own

There is no output because the similarities between both coding is only syntax (language/

term or style of programming).. we cannot see the LED light blink from C++ software

Active and passive Commonest (Very Easy Explanation with Examples)

Active Components:

Those devices or components which required external source to their operation is called Active

Components.

For Example:Diode, Transistors, SCR etc...

Explanation and Example:As we know that Diode is an Active Components. So it is required an

External Source to its operation.

Because, If we connect a Diode in a Circuit and then connect this circuit to the Supply voltage., then

Diode will not conduct the current Until the supply voltage reach to 0.3(In case of Germanium) or

0.7V(In case of Silicon). I think you got it :)

Passive Components:

Those devices or components which do not required external source to their operation is called

Passive Components.

For Example: Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor etc...


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Explanation and Example:Passive Components do not require external source to their operation.

Like a Diode, Resistor does not require 0.3 0r 0.7 V. I.e., when we connect a resistor to the supply

voltage, it starts work automatically without using a specific voltage. If you understood the above

statement about active Components, then you will easily get this example. :)

In other words :Active Components:

Those devices or components which produce energy in the form of Voltage or Current are called as

Active Components

For Example:Diodes Transistors SCR etc

Passive Components:

Those devices or components which store or maintain Energy in the form of Voltage or Current are

known as Passive Components

For Example: Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor etc...

In very Simple words ;

Active Components: Energy Donor

Passive Components: Energy Acceptor

Arduino Uno R3 Front Arduino Uno R3 Back


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Arduino Uno R2

Front Arduino Uno SMD Arduino Uno Front Arduino Uno Back

Overview

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on

the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of

which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a

16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP

header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to

support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a

USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get

started.

The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the

FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc8161.pdfhttp://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc8161.pdf


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the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a

USB-to-serial converter.

Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line

to ground, making it easier to put intoDFU mode.

Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:

1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two othernew pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to

the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible with both

the board that uses the AVR, which operates with 5V and with the Arduino Due that

operates with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for futurepurposes.

Stronger RESET circuit.

Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.

"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming

release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the

reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest

in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the

Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions, see

theindex of Arduino boards.

Summary

Microcontroller ATmega328Operating Voltage 5VInput Voltage (recommended) 7-12VInput Voltage (limits) 6-20VDigital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)Analog Input Pins 6DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mADC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/DFUProgramming8U2http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/DFUProgramming8U2http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/DFUProgramming8U2http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boardshttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boardshttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boardshttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boardshttp://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/DFUProgramming8U2


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Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloaderSRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)Clock Speed 16 MHz

Schematic & Reference Design

EAGLE files:arduino-uno-Rev3-reference-design.zip(NOTE: works

with Eagle 6.0 and newer)

Schematic:arduino-uno-Rev3-schematic.pdf

Note:The Arduino reference design can use an Atmega8, 168, or

328, Current models use an ATmega328, but an Atmega8 is shown

in the schematic for reference. The pin configuration is identical on

all three processors.

Power

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an

external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.

External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC

adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by

plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack.

Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers

of the POWER connector.

The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If

supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less
http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino_Uno_Rev3-02-TH.ziphttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino_Uno_Rev3-02-TH.ziphttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino_Uno_Rev3-02-TH.ziphttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/Arduino_Uno_Rev3-schematic.pdfhttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/Arduino_Uno_Rev3-schematic.pdfhttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/Arduino_Uno_Rev3-schematic.pdfhttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/Arduino_Uno_Rev3-schematic.pdfhttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino_Uno_Rev3-02-TH.zip


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than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than

12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board.

The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.

The power pins are as follows:

VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source(as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source).

You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack,

access it through this pin.

5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can besupplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector

(5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pinsbypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.

3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is50 mA.

GND. Ground pins.

IOREF. This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which themicrocontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin

voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the

outputs for working with the 5V or 3.3V.

Memory

The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It

also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and

written with theEEPROM library).

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or

output, usingpinMode(),digitalWrite(), anddigitalRead()functions.

They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum
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of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by

default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized

functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL

Serial chip.

External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on alow value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See

theattachInterrupt()function for details.

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with

theanalogWrite()function. SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI

communication using theSPI library.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGHvalue, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which

provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default

they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to

change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and

theanalogReference() function. Additionally, some pins have

specialized functionality:

TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication usingtheWire library.

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used withanalogReference().

Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a resetbutton to shields which block the one on the board.
http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AttachInterrupthttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AttachInterrupthttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AttachInterrupthttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogWritehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogWritehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogWritehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReferencehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReferencehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wirehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wirehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wirehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReferencehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReferencehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReferencehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wirehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReferencehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogWritehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AttachInterrupt


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See also themapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328 ports.

The mapping for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is identical.

Communication

The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a

computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers.

The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication,

which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).

An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication

over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the

computer. The '16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers,

and no external driver is needed. However,on Windows, a .inf file is

required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which

allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board.

The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being

transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the

computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).

ASoftwareSerial libraryallows for serial communication on any of

the Uno's digital pins.

The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication.

The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of
http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping168http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping168http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping168http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windowshttp://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windowshttp://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windowshttp://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SoftwareSerialhttp://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SoftwareSerialhttp://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SoftwareSerialhttp://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SoftwareSerialhttp://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windowshttp://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windowshttp://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping168


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the I2C bus; see thedocumentationfor details. For SPI

communication, use theSPI library.

Programming

The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software

(download). Select "Arduino Uno from the Tools > Boardmenu

(according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see

thereferenceandtutorials.

The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with

abootloaderthat allows you to upload new code to it without the

use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using

the original STK500 protocol (reference,C header files).

You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller

through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; seethese

instructionsfor details.

The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware

source code is available . The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a

DFU bootloader, which can be activated by:

On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the mapof Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.

On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line toground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wirehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wirehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/Softwarehttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/Softwarehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Bootloaderhttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Bootloaderhttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Bootloaderhttp://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2525.pdfhttp://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/avr061.ziphttp://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/avr061.ziphttp://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Programmerhttp://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Programmerhttp://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Programmerhttp://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Programmerhttp://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Programmerhttp://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/avr061.ziphttp://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2525.pdfhttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Bootloaderhttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/Softwarehttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPIhttp://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wire


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You can then useAtmel's FLIP software(Windows) or theDFU

programmer(Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you

can use the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting

the DFU bootloader). Seethis user-contributed tutorialfor more

information.

Automatic (Software) Reset

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an

upload, the Arduino Uno is designed in a way that allows it to be

reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the

hardware flow control lines (DTR) of theATmega8U2/16U2 is

connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad

capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line

drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this

capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload

button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader

can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-

coordinated with the start of the upload.

This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to

either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a

connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3886http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3886http://dfu-programmer.sourceforge.net/http://dfu-programmer.sourceforge.net/http://dfu-programmer.sourceforge.net/http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1285962838http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1285962838http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1285962838http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1285962838http://dfu-programmer.sourceforge.net/http://dfu-programmer.sourceforge.net/http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3886


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half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Uno. While it is

programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an

upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent

to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the

board receives one-time configuration or other data when it first

starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates

waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this

data.

The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset.

The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered together to re-

enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to disable

the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the

reset line; seethis forum threadfor details.

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse that protects your

computer's USB ports from shorts and overcurrent. Although most

computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides

an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the

USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the

short or overload is removed.
http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1213719666/allhttp://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1213719666/allhttp://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1213719666/allhttp://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1213719666/all


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Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1

inches respectively, with the USB connector and power jack

extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw holes allow the

board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance

between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple

of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.


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wireless detection system

Documents