wireless access protocols

8/6/2019 Wireless Access Protocols

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Wireless AccessWireless AccessProtocolsProtocols

(WAP)(WAP)

Submitted by:Submitted by:

Yasmeen(09-MCA-51)Yasmeen(09-MCA-51)

Neha(09-MCA-31)Neha(09-MCA-31)


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WAP- WirelessWAP- WirelessApplication ProtocolApplication Protocol

An open, global specification thatempowers mobile users with wirelessdevices to easily access and interact withinternet information and services instantly.

The wireless industry came up with the ideaof WAP. The point of this standard was toshow internet contents on wireless clients,like mobile phones.


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WAP - Wireless AccessWAP - Wireless AccessProtocolProtocol

o WAP is an application communicationprotocol

o WAP is used to access services and

informationo WAP is inherited from Internet

standards

o WAP is for handheld devices such asmobile phones

o WAP enables the creating of webapplications for mobile devices.


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Purpose of WAP

To enable easy, fast delivery of relevantinformation and services to mobile users.

Type of devices that use WAP

Handheld digital wireless devices such asmobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smartphones and communicators -- from low-end tohigh-end.

WAP works with most Wireless networks such

as: CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA,


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WAP ArchitectureWAP Architecture

Web Server

Content

CGI

Scripts

etc.

WMLDecks

withWM

L-Script

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScript

CompilerProtocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-

Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP


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WAP ArchitectureWAP ArchitectureRequirementsRequirements

Leverage existing standardswhenever possible

Define a layered, scaleable and

extensible architecture Support as many wireless networks

as possible

Optimize for narrow-band bearerswith high latency


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WAP Gateway

- Intermediary element used to connect twodifferent types of network. It receives requestdirectly from the clients as if it actually were

the origin server that clients want to receivethe information form. WAP Browser

-Software running on the WAP device thatinterprets the WAP content arriving from theinternet and decides how to display it on WAP

device.

C t f WAPt WAP


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Components of WAPomponents o WAPArchitectureArchitecture

Other Services

And Applications

Transport Layer (WDP)

Security Layer (WTLS)

Transaction Layer (WTP)

Session Layer (WSP)

Application Layer (WAE)

GSM CDMA PHS IS-136 CDPD PDC-P FLEX Etc

Bearers :


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Wireless ApplicationWireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE)Environment (WAE)

General-purpose applicationenvironment based on a combinationof WWW and mobile telephonytechnologies.

It defines the user interface on thephone. It contains WML and WTA(Wireless Telephony Application).

Primary objective interoperableenvironment.


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Wireless SessionWireless SessionProtocol (WSP)Protocol (WSP)

The WAP session protocol (WSP) layer providesa lightweight session layer to allow efficientexchange of data between applications.

Application layer with a consistent interface

for two session services Connection-oriented service that operates

above the transaction layer protocol (WTP)

Connectionless service that operates above asecure or non-secure datagram service

(WDP)


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Wireless TransactionWireless TransactionProtocol (WTP)Protocol (WTP)

The WAP transaction protocol (WTP)layer provides transaction support,adding reliability to the datagramservice provided by WDP.

Light weight transaction-orientedprotocol

Three classes of transaction services

Unreliable one-way requests

Reliable one-way requests

Reliable two-way request-replytransactions


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Wireless Transport LayerWireless Transport LayerSecurity (WTLS)Security (WTLS)

Based on industry-standard TransportLayer Security (TLS) protocol

Optimized for use over narrow-bandcommunication channels

Features:

Data integrity

Privacy

Authentication Denial-of-service protection


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Wireless DatagramWireless DatagramProtocol (WDP)Protocol (WDP)

The WAP datagram protocol (WDP) is theTransport layer that sends and receives messagesvia any available bearer network, including SMS,USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS136 packet data, and GPRS.

Operates above the data capable bearer servicessupported by various network types.

Provides a common interface to the upper layerprotocols and hence they function independent ofthe underlying wireless network.


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FUTURE OF WAPFUTURE OF WAP Will WAP comply with Third Generation wireless standards? Yes, WAP has been designed to be as independent as possible

from the underlying network technology. Is WAP necessary with higher bandwidth 3G networks? Even as bandwidths increase, the cost of that bandwidth does

not fall to zero. These costs result from higher power usage in

the terminals, higher costs in the radio sections, greater use ofRF spectrum, and increased network loading. In addition, theoriginal constraints WAP was designed for -- intermittentcoverage, small screens, low power consumption, widescalability over bearers and devices, and one-handed operation-- are still valid in 3G networks. Finally, we can expect thebandwidth required by application users to steadily increase.Therefore, there is still a need to optimize the device and

network resources for wireless environments. We can expectWAP to optimize support for multimedia applications thatcontinue to be relevant.


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USAGEUSAGE

- Corporate Applications: Sales force automation wheresales people use their WAP enabled handsets to getinstant, direct access to the latest pricing, latestnews, competitive information any time, anywhere.

- Online Services:

Banking: Users can get their current balance, transferfunds between accounts and receive fax of a mini-statement.

Electronic Commerce: Subscribers can use theirhandset just like their PC to purchase products andservices over the Web.


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The ADVANTAGES that WAP can offer overthese other methods are the following:

open standard, vendor independent

network-standard independent

transport mechanismoptimized for wirelessdata bearers

application downloaded from the server,enabling fast service creation and introduction,

as opposed to embedded software


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DISADVANTAGES of WAPDISADVANTAGES of WAPSmall screens: For web phones,there's an incredibly small viewingarea; palmtops are barely better.

Speed of access: All devices have slowaccess.

Limited or fragmented availability:Wireless web access is sporadic inmany areas and entirely unavailable inother areas.


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Price: Many technology limitations arebeing addressed by higher-end devicesand services.

Lack of user habit: It takes some

patience and overcoming the learningcurve to get the hang of it -- connecting,putting in an address, typing. Users justaren't used to the idea and protocol yet.


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wireless access protocols

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