wireless 4

8/17/2019 Wireless 4

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*he Random +iscriminator or the Handover Reference $ill ereturned ! the s!stem in its res'onse messages/ mmediate

Assignment or 0h!sical nformation.

*he mmediate Assignment message on the ACH also containsthe frame numer F(3 in $hich the Random Access message$as received/ for resolution of 'ossile contention.

Coding of Random Access & !ando"er Access

Figure 4. – Coding of Random & Handover Access )urst

Figure 4.4 – )urst formatting of Random & Handover access urst

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------115

3 bits

Info

$1 bits

nch

3

*ail

,

*ail

%uard 'eriod

,, bits

/ormal burst 'eriod

, +its 0Info) +its 0arit) +its 0+IC)

2

, +its 0Info) +its 0arit)

1$ $ 0ail)

4 5 1, 6 3 bits

Info after Channel coding


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Figure 4.5 – nitial assignment 'rocedure

4. nchroni7ation Channel 0C!)

#rame number identification info in the C! burst

Figure 4.6 – dentification of #CH urst numer in the multiframe

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------116

!'erframe

u'erframe

ultiframe

48$98

n

4*8

n

*88

3 bits to identif one of * C! bursts

I(IA AI%// 5/((

Random /umber: #rame /umber Initial timing ad"ance: Initial 5 'o;er

I(IA AI%//

Channel acti"ation

0#rame /umber & (ela)

C!A//L R


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Figure 4.7 – Frame numer id from 18 its & #CH id

*he b itself calculates the asolute frame numer $ith theidentit! of the #CH urst numer.

Figure 4.9 – nformation in the #CH urst

Coding & burst-formatting of C! burst

Figure 4.8 – Coding & urst-formatting of the #CH urst

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------117

bits+IC

1> bits#rame /umber 0#/)

u'erframe id

11 bits

ultiframe id

* bits

C! burst id

3 bits

#rame /o. +IC arit ail

1> 18 $

Con"olution coding

9, bits 0Info)

+urst formatting

raining sequence InfoInfo ailail

$ 3>3>3l


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3. Control Channels 0+CC!: CCC!: (CC!: #ACC! & ACC!)

+CC! & CCC! information 0=nac?no;ledged)

Figure 4.1: – a!er 2 loc% for )CCH & CCCH

(CC! & #ACC! information 0Ac?no;ledged)

Figure 4.11 – a!er 2 loc% for #+CCH & FACCH

ACC! information 0Ac?no;ledged)

Figure 4.12 – a!er 2 loc% for #+CCH & FACCH

Coding: Interlea"ing & bursts of Control channels

Figure 4.1 a3 – Channel coding & interleaving of control channels----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

119

Laer 4 =I frame

Laer 3 Info 44 octets

44 octets 1 octet

Laer 4@ I-frame

Laer 3 Info u'to 4$> octets

48 octets 3 octets

egmentation

Laer 4@ I-frame

Laer 3 Info u'to 4$> octets

1, 02 4) octets 3 octets

egmentation

L4 bloc? of 1,$ bits 043 octets) #IR code $8 bits

L4 bloc? 2 #IR code ail

44$ bits $

4 5 44, 6 $* bits

egmentation

Con"olution coding

, segments sent in normal bursts

*9 *9 *9 *9 *9 *9 *9 *9


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Figure 4.1 3 – Channel coding & interleaving of control channels

Interlea"ing of data bloc?s

A data code $ord of 456 its is cut into 22 segments;

• 1 'ieces of 4$ bits 03,$ bits)

• 4 'ieces of 1, bits 0 3 bits)

• 4 'ieces of 14 bits 0 4$ bits) &

• 4 'ieces of bits 0 14 bits)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------118

+CC!: CCC! & (CC!

ent in $ (A frames

#ACC!ent in , (A frames

ACC! in C! multiframe 0ent in $ multiframes – 8.*s)


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$. ummar of channel coding 0#ull-rate channels)

(otes;13 *he 'arit! its of *CH.

C!B#$.,

C!B#4.$

4$$ @ $*

1 @ 3

1 @

$*

44,

$*

44

44

,

4$8 2 8 2 $

8 2 8 2 1

94 2 8 2 $

#ACC!

(CC!ACC!

+CC!A%C!C!

RAC!

C!

1 @ 4

1 @ 4

1 @ 4

1 @ 4

1 @ 4

$*

$*

$*

3

9,

,

$

$

1

1

1,$ 2 $8 2 $

1,$ 2 $8 2 $

1,$ 2 $8 2 $

, 2 2 $

4* 2 18 2 $


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• >ut'ut 'o$er control ased on the 'o$er control information

received on #ACCH/ in ste's of 2 d) a total of 16 levels3• "onitoring of the qualit! it error ratio3 of the 'h!sical

channel during conversation & handover to a ne$ one

• #election & reselection of cell

• dle mode activities such as listening to CCCH/ 'aging grou'/

etc.

. hsical laer on the radio 'ath & reference configuration

Interfaces & "ocabular1) Info 2 'arit bits4) Coded bits3) Interlea"ed bits$) ncr'ted bits*) odulating bits) Information bits 0recei"e)

Figure 4.15 – Reference configuration----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Informationbits - recei"e

Air Interface

0)

0*)

Rec. 05.02

0$)

nfo its

transmit

Rec. 05.03

04)01)Code 1

0bloc?)Code 40con")

Reordering

and'artitioning

03)Inter-

lea"ing

ncr'tionunit

+urstbuilding +urstmulti'le

Rec. 05.04

(ifferentialencoding %Dodulation

Rec. 05.05

Antenna

ransmitter

ransmitter


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121

Remar?s on Laer 1 functions

#'eech coding is not considered as 'art of a!er 1 functions.t is 'art of the a''lication.

As a securit! ste'/ full s'ecification of ci'hering algorithm is notincluded in the 'ulic s'ecifications. t is distriuted undercertain conditions ! the association of ,uro'ean o'erators $hohave signed the #" ">.

*he transmission 'art is descried in the Recommendations.

*he receiver 'art is indirectl! s'ecified via the overall'erformance requirements.

b) stem information

#!stem information is data aout the net$or% that the "# shouldhave in order to e ale to communicate $ith the net$or% in ana''ro'riate manner.

#!stem information messages are sent regularl! sent on the )CCH! the )*# to all the "oiles in a cell. *he moiles in idle mode

listen to these s!stem information messages efore the! access thes!stem in that cell. #imilarl!/ these messages are also sent on the#ACCH for the "oiles in us! mode.

*here are si? different t!'es of s!stem information. *!'es 1 to 4are sent on the )CCH and t!'es 5 & 6 are used over the #ACCH.*here is another t!'e 2is used in +C# 19:: to co'e $ith the e?tralength of the list of frequencies.

*he messages are sent in a c!clic fashion of modulo 9 multiframesof 51 *+"A frames.

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122

1. stem information t'es

Figure 4.16 – #!stem information t!'es

4. ulti'leing of sstem information

*!'es 1 to 4 are sent on )CCH in a multi'le? mode of modulo 9in the control channel multiframe of 51 *+"A frames. *!'e oneis sent in multiframe : if the cell uses frequenc!-ho''ingscheme. >ther$ise/ the o'erator can schedule t!'es 2/ or 4 inthis multi frame. @hat is sent in multiframe numers 4 & 5 iso'tional for the o'erator. *here is no s'ecific multi'le?ingscheme for the #ACCH. *!'es 5 & 6 are sent immediatel! after handover & $henever there is nothing else to e sent.

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stem information

1 Cell channel descri'tionRAC! control 'arameters

If frequenc ho''ingis used in the cell

4 /eighbour cell descri'tionL/ 'ermittedRAC! control 'arameters

3 Location Area IdentitCell IdentitControl channel descri'tionCell o'tionsCell selection 'arametersRAC! control 'arameters

$ Location Area IdentitCell selection 'arametersRAC! control 'arametersC+C! descri'tion

C+C! mobile allocation

* /eighbour cells descri'tion

Location Area IdentitCell IdentitCell o'tionsL/ 'ermitted

ent o"er ACC!


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12

Figure 4.17 – #!stem information t!'es in )CCH multiframes

Figure 4.19 – #cheduling of s!stem information t!'es over )CCH

3. Cell Channel (escri'tion 0'e 1 message in # /o. 8)

CA/Cell allocation numer. dentifies one of the ands : to 2allocated ! the o'erator.

CA AR#C/*he asolute radio frequenc! channel numers used in this cell. A it-ma' of 124 its $here a it set to >(, indicates that thisfrequenc! is used in the cell. *he moiles in idle mode store thisinformation for later frequenc!-ho''ing.

+CC! ultiframe /o. Remar?s

1 8 In frequenc ho''ing cell

4 1

3 4 &

$ 3 & 9

'e

+CC! ultiframe /o. stem info t'es

8. 1 if sent at all or 4: 3 or $

1. 4

4. 3

3. $

$. 1: 4: 3 or $

*. 1: 4: 3 or $

. 3

9. $


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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------124

$. RAC! control 'arameters 0'es 1 to $ – # /o 8 – 3)

ACC: C Access control class. )it ma' $ith 16 its. All moiles s'readout over access classes : – 8. 0riorit! grou's are also allocatedclasses 11 – 15. A it set to >(, indicates that thecorres'onding class is arred from accessing the s!stem.

)it 1: ,C3 indicates $hether emergenc! calls are allo$ed ornot. All moiles are allo$ed if ,C :. >nl! 'riorit! classes 11to 153 are allo$ed emergenc! calls if ,C 1.

Figure 4.18 – Access classes for ordinar! & ver! im'ortant suscriers

C+Cell arred for access for all; Bes


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125

A5RRA/"a?imum numer of retransmissions of CHA((, R,,#*message in the case of no res'onse from the s!stem $hen amoile tries to access the s!stem; 1/ 2/ 4 or 7

5(umer of slots over $hich to s'read the retransmissions on theRACH. Dalues of to 14 in ste's of 1 and 16/ 2:/ 25/ 2 & 5:.

*. /eighbour cells descri'tion 0'es 4 & * – +CC! & ACC!)

+AI/()CCH-allocation sequence-(umer indication; : or 1.*his is to allo$ the net$or% to later discriminate themeasurement-results/ sent ! the moile in us! mode. *heresults are related to different lists of )CCH frequencies sent inthe *!'e 5 message.

+A/)CCH allocation numer. )and : or 1.

+CC!/

Asolute RF channels on $hich the moiles should 'erform &re'ort signal strength measurements. )it-ma' of 124 its $herethe RF channel frequencies to measure are set to >(,/ $hile theothers are set to E,R>. sed ! moiles in oth idle & us!mode.

. L/ 'ermitted 0'e 4 on +CC! & on ACC!)

/CCR0"((, and so on.

9. Location Area Identit – LAI 0'es 3: $ & )

CC 03 digits): /C 04 digits) & LAC 04 octets)"oile needs to %no$ the identit! of the current A since achange in the identit! $hile roaming means that the moile hasto do location u'dating.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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126

,. Cell Identit 0CI) 0'e 3 & )*$o octets are used.

>. Control channel descri'tion 0'e 3 )

A Attach.f CCCHGC>(F 1/ i.e./ if comined $ith #+CCH/ range can e:-2. For other values of CCCHGC>(F/ the range can e :-7.

#R*he 'eriod in terms the numer of multiframes for transmission

of 0A( R,,#* messages to the same 'aging grou' or'aging su-channel. *he value can e 2–8.

3414*ime-out value for "# 'eriodic u'dating. : no 'eriodicu'dating other$ise 1-255 decihours.

18.Cell o'tions 0'e 3 & )

(5+iscontinuous transmission indicator; ma!/ shall or shall not

FRC0o$er control indicator; 1 set : not set

RLI/DRadio lin% timeout. "a?imum value of the radio lin% counter;Dalue can e 4 to 64/ in ste's of 4 loc%s.

An u'-do$n counter is set to the initial value in the "#. *hecounter is incremented ! t$o/ ever! time an #ACCH message

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127

decoded. *he "# decrements this counter ! one/ if it fails todecode an #ACCH message. *he re'etition rate of regular#ACCH messages is 49: ms. +uring short message deliver!/the re'etition rate ecomes 86: ms.

Radio lin% time-out is used to enale the "# to re-estalish orrelease the connection in a defined manner.

Figure 4.2: – Radio lin% time-out counter

11. Cell selection 'arameters 0'e 3 & $ )

ACCI/"inimum received signal level at the "# for $hich it is 'ermittedto access the s!stem. Range : – 6; -- 11: d)m to –49 d)m

CC!FR"a?imum transmission 'o$er an "# ma! use $hen accessingthe s!stem. Range : – 1; 1 to 4 d)m in ste's of 2 d).

CR!Cell Reselection H!steresis. *he measured signal strength isreduced ! the CRH value range; : – 14 d)3 in ste's of 2 d) ifthe ne$ candidate cell to cam' on elongs to a ne$ A..

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$,8 ms

RLD


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129

14.C+C! descri'tion 0'e $ ) – 'tional

C!/Channel numer for C)CH. Controlled internall! in the )#C.

C*raining sequence code.*#C for (ormal urst; 26 its

Access urst; 41 its*he # urst 64 its3

C+C!/ Asolute RF channel numer for C)CH.

13.C+C! mobile allocation 0'e $ ) – 'tional

ACI"oile allocationJ in the cell. +escries the frequencies to eused in the ho''ing sequence if frequenc! ho''ing is used.

1$.(istribution of sstem information messages to the +s All s!stem information messages *!'es 1-63 are uffered in the

)*# & used for transmission to the moiles in the cell accordingto their 'eriodicit!. *o 'revent maor disturances on the s!stemli%el! to e caused ! inaccurate or lost messages/ all s!steminformation messages are 'eriodicall! distriuted to all the )*#s.n addition/ $henever a 'arameter is changed/ all the relevantmessages are redistriuted.

A cell ma! e in the active or halted state. @hen a cell is halted/no channels $ould e availale in the cell and there $ould e notransmission on the )CCH.

c) Cell & L/ selection & reselection during idle mode

*he moile has a list of preferred PLMNs $ith u' to eight entries. *he most 'referred is usuall! the home 0"(. *his list is initiall!filled ! the home 0"( o'erator during #" 'ersonalisation'rocess. *his list can later e modified ! the user as 'er the'rocedure s'ecified ! the ", vendor. *here is no automaticmodification of this list.

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128


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*he moile has also another list of forbidden PLMNs. *his is a list

of 0"(s not allo$ed ! suscri'tion/ $ith 4 entries. @henever an"# tries to access a 0"( and is denied access/ the identit! of the0"( is entered in this list automaticall! ! the moile.

+uring the search mode/ the moile 're'ares a list of foundPLMNs.

Another tem'orar! list of As that have reected u'dating requestsis also uilt u' in the ",.

1) L/ & Cell selection at s;itch-on and no +CC!

information is a"ailable

*his can ha''en $hen a moile is s$itched on in a non-home 0"( outside the coverage area of the home 0"(.

*he moile uses the follo$ing 'rocedure;

• search through all the 124 carriers of the #" s!stem

• ta%e measurement of signal strength of at least five sam'les

s'read over -5 seconds for each of the reasonal! strongcarriers and derive the average level of the signal strength

• ma%e a list of at least : strongest RF carriers

• tune to RF carrier of the highest average level/ determine

$hether it is a )CCH carrier ! searching for the FCCH urst/s!nchronise to this RF if it is )CCH/ decode the )CCH dataand include it in the list of Found PLMNs.

• +uring this 'rocess select a 0"( from amongst the Found

PLMNs that is also in the list of Preferred PLMNs ut not inthe list of Forbidden PLMNs. Home 0"( is the most'referred. *hen the ne?t in the 'referred list and so on. fsuch a 0"( is not availale/ the moile 'resents a list ofFound PLMNs to the user $ho can choose a new PLMN

• search for cells elonging to the selected PLMN that is notarred for access and $hose Path Loss Criterion 'arameter/C1/ is greater than =ero. f the cell is not suitale/ use theBCCH Allocation tale otained from this cell to search onl!those )CCH carriers for a suitale cell.

• +o location u'dating in the cell $ith the best C1 criterion and

then cam' on to this cell.

• f no suitale cell is found/ 'resent the list of Found PLMNs

to the user $ho ma! choose a ne$ 0"(.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1:


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4) L/ & Cell selection at s;itch-on and +CC! information is

a"ailable

At the time of suscri'tion/ the 0"( o'erator includes the)CCH Allocation tale in the non-volatile memor! of the #".*his tale later gets u'dated d!namicall! from the s!steminformation roadcast in the home 0"(.

*he "# retains the )CCH carrier information in use in theselected 0"( after it is s$itched off. *he "# ma! also storethe )CCH information of more than one 0"( that it hasselected 'reviousl!/ e. g./ at the order of the home-0"( or the

countr!. @hen s$itched on again/ the moile searches first forhome-0"( and then others.

• "oile searches for cells in the home 0"( using the )CCH

Allocation tale.

• #elects a cell that is not access-arred and also has the est

C1 criterion. +oes location u'dating and cam's on to thiscell.

• f home 0"( is not found/ it acts as if it is leaving the home

0"(.

3) Cam'ing on to a cell ;hile ha"ing registered in a L/

*he "# has to 'eriodicall! listen for 'aging messages in its o$n'aging grou'. t ma! go into slee' mode in et$een listening tothe 'aging channel to conserve atter! 'o$er.

*he moile must read all s!stem information messages routinel!

ever! : seconds for 'ossile changes in the cell 'arameters.*he cell might/ for e?am'le/ have ecome arred in themean$hile.

@hile listening to its o$n 'aging grou'/ the moile $ill also ta%esome measurement sam'les on neighouring cells. At least fivemeasurement sam'les are required for each definedneighouring cell. *he moile maintains information as to thesi? strongest )CCH carriers.

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11


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+uring this 'rocess/ a ne$ )CCH carrier ma! enter the list of 6

strongest carriers. *he moile then reads the )CCH data of thisne$ carrier to find out if it elongs to a ne$ ocation Area.f so/ CR!: the h!sterisis 'arameter/ is to e ta%en into accountfor calculating the 'ath-loss criterion/ C1.

f the C1 criterion of a neighouring cell at an! time ha''ens toe etter than the current cell and is not access-arred/ then themoile cam's on to this cell.

Figure 4.21 – Activit! of "# in the idle mode

f the cell ha''ens to elong to another ocation Area and the C1criterion after accounting for CRH value is still etter than thecurrent cell/ the "# does A u'dating in the ne$ cell and cam'son to it.

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slee'

slee' slee'

F SC

F SC C

IF SC C

51 TDMA frames

B

Listen to o;n 'aging grou'& also ta?e measurements

F SC

F SC C

IF SC C

51 TDMA frames

B

slee' slee'

F SC

F SC C

IF SC C

51 TDMA frames

B

Listen to o;n 'aging grou'& also ta?e measurements


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12

$) ath loss criterion C1 for cell selection & reselection

*he 'ath loss criterion 'arameter is called C1 and is defined !;

C1 A – ma? )/ :3 $here A Received level average – ACC"( &) CCH0@R – 0 ACC"( "inimum received signal strength

required to access the s!stemCCH0@R "a?imum transmitting 'o$er the "# ma!

use in this cell $hile accessing the

s!stem until other$ise commanded0 "a?imum out'ut 'o$er of the "#

ACC"( & CCH0@R are 'arameters included in s!steminformation t!'e . All values are e?'ressed in d)m. 0de'ends on the "# 'o$er class. #ee figure 21.

ACC"( can e in the range : – 63 of –11: to –49 d)m.CCH0@,R can e in the range : – 13 of 4 to 1 d)m inste's of 2 d)m3.

Figure 4.22 – "# 'o$er classes

*he C1 'arameter is used to ensure that the "# is cam'ed onthe cell $ith $hich it has the highest 'ossiilit! of successfulcommunication on oth the u' & do$n lin%s. A large value of Aindicates a strong signal on the do$nlin% and a large value of )indicates a $ea% "# com'ared to the cell.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

Class % >88 % 1,88

1 48F 1F

4 ,F 8.4*F

3 *F

$ 4F

* 8.,F


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*) Criterion C1 & cell reselection hsterisis

Cell reselection/ $hile eing in the same ocation Area/ follo$sthe C1 criterion descried earlier. )ut reselection of a cellelonging to a different A is iased against/ to reduce the'ossiilit! frequent A u'dating near the orders of t$o locationareas. *his ias is called cell reselection h!sterisis. CRH isroadcast as 'art of cell selection 'arameters in t!'e #!stemnformation.

*he "# in the idle mode chec%s the )#C for each of the si?strongest cells at least once ever! : seconds. *his is to

confirm that it is still monitoring the same cell.

n case the )#C is found to e different/ the )CCH data for thiscarrier is re-determined as in the case of a ne$ carrier.

Figure 4.2 – Cell oundaries according to C1 & CRH for different As

Figure 4.24 – A oundaries & use of CRH for cell reselection----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14

C1 6 * d+m

AA

CR! for cell A

LA 1 LA 4

CR! for cell +

C1 6 $ d+m

C1 6 9 d+m

CR! 6 $d+m

Cam' on tothis cell


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Figure 5.25 gives a summar! of the 'eriodicit! of decoding of

)#C & )CCH for oth the serving and neighouring cells in idle& active modes.

Figure 4.25 – +ecoding of )#C & )CCH

) Cell reselection cases ;hile registered in a L/

*he "# $ill go for cell reselection under the follo$ing conditions;

1. *he "# detects a do$nlin% signalling failure $hen it cannotdecode the 'aging messages. #ee figure 25.

2. @hile decoding the s!stem information on the )CCH once in: seconds/ the "# finds that the current cell ecomes

arred.. C1 for current serving cell falls elo$ GR for a 'eriod of 5

seconds.4. @hile com'aring C1 of current cell $ith that of neighours/

C1 of a neighouring cell is found to e etter for at least 5 s.5. *he "# is unsuccessful in accessing the s!stem i.e./ having

tried for the allo$ed numer of times

(o;nlin? signalling failure detection

@hile cam'ing in a cell and not slee'ing/ the "# listens to its

su-'aging channel and tries to decode all the 'aging or dumm!'aging messages. *he "# also maintains an u'-do$n counterto detect an! do$nlin% signalling failure.

*he counter in the "#/ called +C#/ is decremented ! four$henever it is unale to decode the 'aging message andincremented ! one on successful decoding. #ignaling failureon the do$n-lin% is detected $hen the counter reaches =ero.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15

Idle mode Acti"e mode

+IC +CC! +IC +CC!

- 38 s - -

38 s * min 18 s -

er"ing cell

neighbours

stem informationdecoding 'eriodicit


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Figure 4.26 – +etection of do$nlin% failure in idle mode

d) acti"ities during bus mode

1) chedule of acti"ities in the acti"e mode

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16

tarting le"el

Alarm le"el

acti"ities ;hile bus

1. easures signal strength of the recei"ed burst of thecurrent channel

4. easures signal strength of at least one neighbouring cellbet;een transmission and rece'tion of burst in thecurrent channel.

3. r to read +IC of one of the si strongest surroundingcells once in 18 seconds: during the idle burst frame

$. end measurement re'ort for the cells ;ith the best-a"eraged "alues on the u'lin? ACC! once in $,8 ms andact on the timing ad"ance & 'o;er control informationrecei"ed on the do;nlin? ACC!.


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@hen a )CCH carrier is found to e no longer one of the si?

strongest/ the timing & )#C information is retained for at least1: seconds. ,ven though measurement result of this cell is notincluded in the re'ort/ the )#C ma! command a handover to thiscell. n such a case/ the retained information comes in hand!.Frame numer and the timeslot offset for this cell are retained.

3) easurement Re'ort – message on the ACC!

Figure 29 sho$s the message I"easurement re'ortJ sent ! the"# on the #ACCH. *he message $ith 19 octets fits e?actl! inthe four #ACCH ursts and is normall! sent once in 49:

milliseconds. t has the follo$ing information elements;

+AE=(*his it identifies as to $hich one of the t$o 'ossile )CCH Allocation )A3 lists has een used ! the "# for this re'ort.)AG(+ roadcast in s!stem information t!'e 2 & 5 indicates tothe "# as to $hich allocation sequence numer is to e used.

(5E=(*his it indicates to the )*# if the "# has used +*K on theu'lin%.

R5ELHE#=LLERHI/%ECLL &R5ELHE=+ERHI/%ECLL*he moile ta%es measurement of the received signal strength of 1:: do$nlin% ursts 86 *CH L 4 #ACCH3 of the serving cellover a measurement 'eriod of 49: ms or 4 *CH multiframes.+uring idle ursts/ the moile is involved in ta%ing measurementsof neighouring )CCH carriers. *his is a full measurement inthe serving cell. *o ta%e care of 'ossile +*K if used on thedo$nlin%/ the moile also ta%es measurements on a suset ofthe do$nlin% ursts. *his consists of 4 #ACCH ursts and the

mandator! 9 #+ #ilence +escri'tor3 ursts.

*he average received signal strength is ma''ed to one of theRK,D values : M 63;RK,D : less than –11: d)mRK,D 1 –11: to –1:8 d)m

--

RK,D 6 –47 to –49 d)m----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18


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AEHALI(

ndicates $hether the measurement results for the dedicatedchannel are valid or not.

R5


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Figure 4.: – Handover e?ecution in non s!nchroni=ed cells

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------142

R# Channel Release Ac?

R# Channel Release

! C

=A

A+

hsical info! (etect

! Access

! C(

Channel Act Ac?

Channel Act

+ 1 + 4 +C

! C(

stablish indication

! CL

C! erformed


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wireless 4

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