winter meeting - pearls february 29, 2020 · learning objectives at the conclusion of this...

26
Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020

Upload: others

Post on 25-Aug-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Winter Meeting - PearlsFebruary 29, 2020

Page 2: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

EM Pearls - New, Old, Borrowed & Blue

Cole Sloan Pharm.D., BCPS, BCGPEmergency Medicine Pharmacist

Program Director, PGY2 EM PharmacyUniversity of Utah Health

Page 3: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Disclosure

Instructions: No relevant relationships or conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, to disclose

We will discuss off-label use(s) of medications

Page 4: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Learning Objectives

At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully:

1. Identify medications for atypical indications used in Emergency Medicine2. Assess appropriateness of an order where limited literature exists

Page 5: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Learning Objectives

At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacy technicians should be able to successfully:

1. Recognize a medication order possibly for an atypical indication 2. Determine when an atypical order may need to be expedited

Page 6: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

26 yoM presents to your ED with intractable N/V PMH unremarkable, CBC/BMP/UA WNLReports “occasional” alcohol, marijuana useNKDA, No rx/OTC meds reported

Something old for a new indication

Page 7: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Chronic marijuana use, typically over years

Relief with hot showers = pertinent finding

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

Page 8: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Two commonly used treatments in our ED include

Treatment of CHS

Page 9: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

BBW for Torsades de Pointes (TdP)

Original FDA warning does not apply to doses below 2.5 mg (as those are not labeled doses)

Be mindful of existing risk factors for prolonged QT, even at lower doses

Akathisia, anxiety also common ADRs

Safety of Droperidol

Page 10: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

MOA of capsaicin

For capsaicin – HCPs should use gloves when applying topically to abdominal area

Caution patients of impending burning sensation, if intolerable can try milk, lidocaine but the best “reversal agent” anecdotally is mayonnaise

Administration of Capsaicin

Page 11: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Important Drug-Drug Interaction: carbapenems severely reduce serum levels of valproic acid (VPA)

Case report when DDI does NOT occur

We can ‘borrow’ this DDI for use in VPA overdose

Something Borrowed

Drug Interaction

Spriet. Ann Pharmacother 2011;45(9):1167‐8 

Page 12: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Indication for VPA treatment?

Supportive care, Activated charcoal,Levocarnitine, HemodialysisTincture of time

Won’t address all sequelae of VPA toxicity

Limitations

Page 13: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

All available carbapenems associated with DDI ◦Availability / Formulary◦ Pharmacokinetics◦Duration of therapy?◦ ‘Antidote Stewardship’

Imipenem‐Cilastatin, greater risk of seizures?◦ Imipenem (7/1124) vs meropenem (4/1116)◦Odds Ratio 1.48 (0.54, 4.04)◦ Population had no seizure hx (or VPA use)

Which Carbapenem?

Cannon. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(8):2043‐55  

Page 14: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Pearl #3

Vasoplegia ‘uncontrolled vasodilation’ seen in advanced shock states

Hemodynamic definitions vary

‐Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

‐Minimal effect of vasopressors‐ Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

‐ Cardiac Index (CI)

Page 15: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Ensure adequate resuscitation prior to ‘rescue’ therapies

Identify/treat etiology

Assess fluids/electrolytes

Vasopressor(s) 

Adjunct therapies  Corticosteroids Vitamins Pt close to the edge? Consider…

Something Blue

Page 16: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Mechanism of Methylene Blue (MB) in treating vasoplegia 

Dosing 1‐2 mg/kg IVP 5 minutesCI 0.5 – 2 mg/kg/h 

Most ADRs noted when cumulative dose exceeds 7 mg/kg Severe hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, death single doses > 20 mg/kg

Something Blue

eNOS ‐ endothelial nitric oxide synthase NO ‐ Nitric Oxide iNOS ‐ inducible nitric oxide synthase  GTP ‐ guanosine triphosphatecGMP ‐ cyclic guanosine monophosphate sGC ‐ soluble guanylate cyclase

Page 17: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

“Indications”: sepsis, post‐cardiac bypass, anaphylaxis, IHD‐induced hypoTN

ContraindicationsConcurrent ‘serotonergic’ medsG6PD deficiencyPregnancy

Customary to hum a song with ‘blue’ in the title ‐many, many to choose from 

Something Blue

SUGGESTIONSBlue ‐ Eiffel 65

Blue Monday ‐ New OrderBehind Blue Eyes ‐ The WhoBlue Bayou ‐ Linda RonstadtCounting Blue Cars ‐ DishwallaBlue Suede Shoes ‐ Elvis Presley

Blue Christmas ‐ Elvis Presley (seasonal)Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain ‐Willie Nelson

Page 18: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

“Indications”: sepsis, post‐cardiac bypass, anaphylaxis, IHD‐induced hypoTN & Ifosfamide‐induced encephalopathy 

MonitoringO2 saturations upon administrationHemodynamic resolutionMethemoglobin

Alternative medication for vasoplegia?

Something Blue

Page 19: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is becoming more prevalent, while abstaining from marijuana is key, acute treatments include droperidol and capsaicin topical. Both carry pertinent ADRs pharmacists need to know

Valproic acid levels will precipitously drop when administering a carbapenem antibiotic; even if pharmacists are not involved with VPA overdoses this is an essential DDI to identify and manage

Methylene blue is a medication with many uses, including refractory vasoplegia. Pharmacists involvement is encouraged when identifying contraindication and monitoring effect of therapy 

Key Takeaways

Page 20: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is becoming more prevalent, while abstaining from marijuana is key, acute treatments include droperidol and capsaicin topical. Both carry pertinent ADRs pharmacists need to know

Valproic acid levels will precipitously drop when administering a carbapenem antibiotic; even if pharmacists are not involved with VPA overdoses this is an essential DDI to identify and manage

Methylene blue is a medication with many uses, including refractory vasoplegia. Pharmacists involvement is encouraged when identifying contraindication and monitoring effect of therapy 

Key Takeaways

Page 21: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is becoming more prevalent, while abstaining from marijuana is key, acute treatments include droperidol and capsaicin topical. Both carry pertinent ADRs pharmacists need to know

Valproic acid levels will precipitously drop when administering a carbapenem antibiotic; even if pharmacists are not involved with VPA overdoses this is an essential DDI to identify and manage

Methylene blue is a medication with many uses, including refractory vasoplegia. Pharmacists involvement is encouraged when identifying contraindication and monitoring effect of therapy 

Key Takeaways

Page 22: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

T/F: Capsaicin topically applied to the face is an effective treatment for ethanol-induced hyperemesis syndrome.

A. True

B. False

Test Questions

Page 23: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

MC: Which of the following antibiotics will cause a precipitous lowering of serum levels of valproic acid in the subsequent days?A. Linezolid

B. Tigecycline

C. Ertapenem

D. Amikacin

Test Questions

Page 24: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

MC: Absolute or relative contraindications to methylene blue treatment include all of the following, EXCEPT:A. Pregnancy

B. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

C. Serotonergic medication use

D. Yellow food dye intolerance

Test Questions

Page 25: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Rappaport BA. FDA Response to Droperidol Black Box Warning Editorials. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2008;106(5):1585–1.  PMID 18420886

Horowitz BZ, Bizovi K, Moreno R. Droperidol–behind the black box warning. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:615‐8.  PMID 1205077

Perkins J, Ho JD, Vilke GM, DeMers G. American Academy of Emergency Medicine Position Statement: Safety of Droperidol Use in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Med. 2015 Jul;49(1):91‐7. PMID 25837231

Cai Y, et al. The use of intravenous hydroxocobalamin as a rescue in methylene blue‐resistant vasoplegic syndrome in cardiac surgery. Ann Card Anaesth 2017 Oct‐Dec; 20(4):462‐464.  PMID: 28994688

Cannon, et al. The risk of seizures among the carbapenems: a meta‐analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(8):2043‐55.  PMID: 24744302

Dreucean D, Beres K, McNierney‐Moore A, Gravino D. Use of meropenem to treat valproic acid overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Nov;37(11):2120.e5‐2120.e7. PMID 31500925

Fudio, et al.  Epileptic seizures caused by low valproic acid levels from an interaction with meropenem. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006;31(4):393‐6.  PMID: 16882111

Haroutiunian, et al. Valproic acid plasma concentration decreases in a dose‐independent manner following administration of meropenem: a retrospective study. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;49(11):1363‐9.  PMID: 19773524

Khobrani MA, Dudley SW, Huckleberry YC, Kopp BJ, et al. Intentional use of carbapenem antibiotics for valproic acid toxicity: A case report. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2018 Oct;43(5):723‐725.  PMID 29733112

References 1/2

Page 26: Winter Meeting - Pearls February 29, 2020 · Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this activity, pharmacists should be able to successfully: 1. Identify medications for atypical

Levy B, et al. Vasoplegia treatments: the past, the present, and the future. Crit Care 2018; 22(1):52.  PMID: 29486781

Lambden S, et al. Definitions and pathophysiology of vasoplegic shock. Crit Care. 2018; 22(1):174.  PMID: 29980217 

Jentzer JC, et al. Management of Refractory Vasodilatory Shock. Chest 2018; pii: S0012‐3692(18)30072‐2.  PMID: 29329694

Mancl, et al.  The effect of carbapenem antibiotics on plasma concentrations of valproic acid. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(12):2082‐7.  PMID: 19934386

Spriet, et al. No interaction between valproate and meropenem in a cirrhotic patient.  Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(9):1167‐8.  PMID: 21811003

Spriet, et al. Interaction between valproate and meropenem: a retrospective study. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(7):1130‐6.  PMID: 17609232

Spriet, et al. Meropenem ‐valproic acid interaction in patients with cefepime‐associated status epilepticus. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(1):54‐8. PMID: 17189580

Thomas C, Priano J, Smith TL. Meropenem as an antidote for intentional valproic acid overdose: A case report. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Jan 8. pii: S0735‐6757(19)30621‐7. PMID 31980292

Zosel, et al. Novel use of ertapenem to intentionally decease serum valproate concentration after an intentional overdose of valproate resulting in toxicity. NACCT 2015 Poster #106. Link

Stawicki SP, et al. Methylene blue and vasoplegia: who, when, and how? Mini Rev Med Chem. 2008 May;8(5):472‐90.  PMID 18473936

References 2/2