winning independence chapter 9 lesson 3 pages 356 - 361
TRANSCRIPT
WINNING INDEPENDENCE
Chapter 9 Lesson 3Pages 356 - 361
Objectives
• Identify the major battles and campaigns of the Revolutionary War.
• Describe how individuals and other nations contributed to the war’s outcome.
Vocabulary
• Civilian – people not in the military
• Traitor – someone who acts against his or her country.
Revolutionary Heroes
• Nathan Hale
• John Paul Jones
• Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley
• Tadeusz Kosciuszko
Nathan Hale
• Teacher• Was an American
spy in NYC• He was hung by
the British• “I regret that I
have but one life to lose for my country.”
John Paul Jones
• American Navy Commander
• Continental Navy = 60 ships
• British = 270 ships• About to lose a
battle at sea, British told him to give up
• “I have not yet begun to fight”
Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley
• “Molly Pitcher”• Carried fresh water to
American troops during the Battle of Monmouth in NJ in 1778
• Her husband was wounded and she took his place in battle, loading the cannons
Tadeusz Kosciuszko
• Left Poland to serve in the Continental Army
• Helped design plans for a fort at WEST POINT, NY
• This is now part of the United States Military Academy
The War Moves
• When British learned of the French help, they moved the battle south
• Many Loyalist in the South, the British hoped this would help
• British also planned on capturing Southern ports, to get supplies in and out easier
• Inland, the British lost many battles• Battle of Vincennes (Indiana) – was lost
by the British
Savannah, Georgia
• 1st target by British in South
• Nov. 25, 1778• British attacked
quickly while Americans were trying to defend
• British Victory
Charles Town, South Carolina
• 1780
• Americans greatly outnumbered
• Now called Charleston
• British victory
Virginia
• Early 1781• Benedict Arnold –
led British attacks on Virginia towns
• He had become a traitor
• He felt that he had not been treated fairly by the Continental Army
Nathanael Green
• General in the Continental Army
• Leader in the South
• “We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again”
Daniel Morgan
• General under Greene’s leadership
• Led Americans to a major victory at Cowpens, SC (1781)
• This battle proved Americans could beat the British in the South.
North Carolina
• British push north to N.C.
• March 1781 – battle at Guilford Courthouse
• British held the field, but took major losses
• Still could not win, because there was no one city that was the heart of America
British General Charles Cornwallis
• Headquarters at Yorktown, Virginia
• On the Chesapeake Bay
• Easy for British to get in supplies
• But, it could easily be circled
Victory at Yorktown
• French & American soldiers marched south to encircle Yorktown.
• French Navy also took control of the Chesapeake Bay
• Cornwallis was trapped• Cornwallis gave up on October 19,
1781
The Treaty of Paris
• The Battle of Yorktown was the LAST major battle of the war.
• Some battles continued to be fought though.
• April 1782 – the two sides met in Paris, France to negotiate a peace treaty.
Treaty of Paris Cont.
• John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, & John Adams – American negotiators
• Wanted Britain to accept American independence
• All British soldiers removed from American lands
One Year Later
• The British FINALLY agree
• September 3, 1783, The Treaty of Paris signed ending the Revolutionary War
The Terms
• Named the United States of America as a new nation
• Set the new nation’s borders• It reached from Georgia in the
south to the Great Lakes in the north.
• The Mississippi River formed its western border
After the War
• After the British left, George Washington made his home in Virginia
• On his way, he stopped at Annapolis, Maryland to retire
• He told the Congress his work was done
• They thanked him for his service and wished him well