winegrowing in denmark winegrower, winemaker and adviser: peter lorenzen bullerupvej 13 dk-5240...

Winegrowing in Denmark

Winegrower, winemaker and adviser:

Peter Lorenzen Bullerupvej 13 DK-5240 Odense NØ Denmark Tel.: +45 66 10 01 67Mob.: +45 40 31 95 07E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.lorenzen-vin.dk

Conference on northern viticulture – Riga November 2006

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.lorenzen-vin.dk/

November 2006 Peter Lorenzen 2

Presentation 2006: Freelance adviser in winegrowing and winemaking

2005: Adviser in winegrowing at the FGR – one year project(Association of commercial fruit- and vegetable growers)

2005: Winegrower and winemaker at ‘Skærsøgaard Vin’(3 hectares of vines)

1993: Founder of - and chairman in - the FDV (The Association of Danish Winegrowers)

1990: Hobby vineyard at ‘Søhus’ (250 vines / 500 m2)

1982: Teacher at the horticultural school ‘Søhus’ in Odense

1981: Consultant in DE (Danish Commercial Fruit growing Organisation)

1980: Horticultural engineer from KVL - Copenhagen


Subjects

• FDV – The Association of Danish Winegrowers • Climatic and soil conditions for winegrowing in

Denmark • Trellis / espalier systems in Denmark• Grape varieties and rootstocks• Pests, diseases and physiological illnesses• Commercial winegrowing in Denmark• Legislation for growing and making wines in DK• Sale / economy• Questions / discussion


FDVAssociation of Danish Winegrowers

Founded in 1993 with 35 members

Today around 1100 members (incl. Sweden and Norway)

The major part (around 97 %) are hobby growers

Almost all the grapes are grown in open air for winemaking

Publishing of the magazine ‘Vinpressen’ (The Wine Press)

Harvest report / data

Annual wine show (‘competition’)

Website: www.vinavl.dk

http://www.vinavl.dk/


Climatical conditions(Vinifera)

• High heat summation (at least 1000 degree days with a base of 10oC)

• Sunlight (growth, sugar production, acid reduction) • Good lee conditions• No rain during flowering (June/July) and ripening

(September/October) • Long period with no frost, preferable 150 -180 days

or more (areas near the coast)• Avoid areas with night frost in the spring (‘frost holes’)


Degree days in DenmarkAverage 1999 – 2004 on a base of 10oC

550- 600 600- 650

650- 700

700- 750 750- 800 800- 850 850- 900 900- 950 950-1000

1000-1050

1050-1100

Source: Birgit Sørensen. DJF Foulum.


Southern slope with lee, Thy

Foto: Hanne Lindhard. DJF Årslev


Southern slope, North Zeeland

Foto: Peter Lorenzen


Average rainfall in the growing season (1/5 – 30/9)

(A. Pedersen 1960)


Average date for the last date with frost in the spring.

(Vittrup Christensen et. al. 1987)


Soil conditions• ‘Ordinary Danish agricultural soil’ is OK

(avoid too sandy and too clayish soils)• pH app. 6,5 (certain hybrids a little lower 5,5 – 6) • Deep, well drained soil (deep ploughing / grubning)

Fotos: Smart og Robinson 1991


Soil conditionsWarm soil:

Advantage: A long growing season – (takes advantage of the bright light in the beginning of the season).Disadvantage: Early budburst increases the risk of damages by night frost.

Fertile soil:

Often a disadvantage because of vegetative growth (little crop) and bad ripening of wood and buds (damage by winter frost). For the same reason: Don’t apply too much N (ca. 50 kg/ha)


Trellis / espalier


Guyot

Drawings: “Vinavl i Danmark” Gensbøl og Gundersen

Double Single

Common trellis system in DK


Common trellis systems in DK

Permanent cordons

Drawings: “The Production of Grapes and Wine in Cool Climates” (Jackson and Schuster 1994)


Other trellis systems in DK

The High Sylvoz

Drawings: “The Production of Grapes and Wine in Cool Climates” (Jackson and Schuster 1994)


End poles


Supporting wires

Open Closed


Grape varieties• Vinifera (traditional, European varieties)

– Often very susceptible to mildew (Oideum) and downy/’false’ mildew (Peronospora)

– Often difficult to grow (sensitive to climatic conditions)– Not so winter hardy (minus 10-15 oC or maybe a little more)– Makes good wine

• Hybrids (1st generation crossings between V. vinifera and North American and Asian vines – especially V. riparia, V. rupestris and V. amurensis)– Often more resistant to mildew and downy/’false’ mildew– Often easier to grow (more vitality)– More winter hardy– Not permitted in the EU for making quality wine

• Interspecific varieties (back crossings to V. vinifera)– Attempt to combine all the good qualities from both Vinifera and

hybrids (some of these interspecific varieties are permitted in the EU)


The most grown varieties in Denmark

• Vinifera– Madeleine Angevine (W)– Ortega (W)– Siegerrebe (W)

• Hybrids – Leon Millot (R)– Marechal Foch (R)

• Interspecific varieties– Rondo (R)– Regent (R)– Orion (W)– Perle of Zalas (W) Approved varieties in Denmark

Orion

• Interesting new varieties- Solaris (W)- Acolon (R)- Bolero (R)- Reberger (R)- Cabernet Cortis (R)

W = White R = Red


Rootstocks• Primarily to avoid attacks from the root aphid

(Phylloxera)

• It also affects the growing conditions of the vines: Budburst, earliness, ripening of the wood etc.

• There is a great need in Denmark for trials in growing different rootstocks in different soils (and on different varieties)

• Common rootstocks in Denmark are– SO4– Börner– 125AA– 5BB Approved rootstocks in Denmark

Interesting ’new’ rootstocks:


Pests and diseases• Fungal diseases

– Mildew (Oideum)– Downy or false Mildew

(Peronospora)– Grey Mould

• Pests– Phylloxera (grafting)– Deer (fencing)– Hares (plant tubes) – Water vole– Birds (netting) – Wasps (traps) – Snails

• Other damages– Rot (grey rot)

– ‘Hens and chickens’ – Stem necrosis – Frost damages (bud

necrosis) – Lack of nutrition

(especially magnesium) – Draught damages – Spraying damages – Hail – Cracks in the berries – Night frost in the spring


Commercial winegrowing in DK

• Approved by the EU in August 2000• Today around 25-30 registered, Danish winegrowers• Area: Around 15-20 ha (permission to plant 99 ha – like

Sweden and Ireland)• 8 Danish winegrowers had wine for sale in 2004 (app.

5000 litres in all).• In 2005 10 -12 winegrowers are expected to produce

around15.000 litres of wine in all.• 2006 is going to beat all records. • Read more (in Danish) at http://www.vinavl.dk/

o In Sweden I know of three commercial winegrowers• Read more (in Swedish): www.svenskavinodlare.se

o As far as I know, Norway has no commercial vineyards (any more)?


LegislationCouncil Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999 of 17 May 1999 - on the common organisation of the market in wine

Danish rules:

Three categories of wine:

• Table wine (Vin de table, Tafelwein, Vino da Tavola etc.)

• Table wine with geographical indication (Vin de pays, Landwein, Indicazione geografica tipica, Regional wine etc.)

• Quality wine (AOC, QmBA, DOC etc.)


Vintage

• Data from the Danish vintage reports– Up to app. 1 kg/m2 in good years– Corresponding to 10 tons pr. ha = app. 4000 litres of wine

(around 5000 bottles)

• Rule of thumb under Danish conditions:– One to two bottles of wine pr. vine– Corresponding to 3.000 to 6.000 bottles pr. ha in good years

• In the year 2004 only 5 – 10 % yield !!


SalePrices on Danish wines at the moment: 25 – 80 US$ pr. bottle.

Munch Wine (Norway): App. 1300 US$ for five bottles

• Restaurants and hotels• Wine dealers and whole sellers• Export (Sales messes in Paris)• Danish embassies abroad• Wine collectors from the whole world• Web auctions• ‘Back door sale’ / farm boutiques / tourism • Wine clubs• Various arrangements at the vineyard


Alternative sources of income

• Wine tastings, lectures, tours in the vineyard etc.

• Subsidies from the Danish authorities

• Import and sale of wines from other countries

• Gastronomic arrangements and events

• Combinations with other production (meat, cheese, snails etc.)

• Import and sale of vines, equipment for growing vines and making wine.

• Production of fruit wines (apples, cherries, black current …), cider and ‘mjoed’

• Production of spirits (Brandy, ‘Cognac’, ‘Marc’ … etc.) downloaded from vinograd.info


Skærsøgaard efterår 2004

Thank you … !

winegrowing in denmark winegrower, winemaker and adviser: peter lorenzen bullerupvej 13 dk-5240...

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