Wind Project Development

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Wind Power Development-India

Maximum annual capacity addition was ~ 3 GW in year 2011

Wind Vision target of 200 GW by 2030 requires average capacity addition of ~ 12-15 GW/annum

In order to scale up capacity addition, alternate business model need to be think off

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Current Wind Project Development Model

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Site

Identification

Wind Resource

Assessment

Land

Acquisition

Site

Development

Infrastructure-

Power

Evacuation,

Roads, etc

Permissions/

Clearances

Existing model is manufactured driven model, usually takes 48-60 months for Commissioning

Major Issues in Wind Project Development

• Wind Resource Assessment (WRA)

• Identification of Suitable Sites

• Land Acquisition

• Clearances

• Infrastructure

• Road

• Power Evacuation

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Few options are recommended in the next slide

Safety of Equipments used for Wind

Calibrations - Their theft produce long

gaps in data records

Continuously updating wind resource maps and databases (every two years) for the country – to plan for new capacities

Lack of reliable long-term

wind data- Uncertainty in Wind

Energy Resource

Develop a meso-scale wind atlas based on satellite data, weather model reanalysis data, and existing meteorology models

Wind Resource Assessment

Pre-development work on promising sites with good wind resources, grid access and good accessibility

Govt. does little or no pre-development work for potential

wind sites

Existing Wind Resource Assessment Methodology

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Wind Resource Assessment

Wind Resource Assessment Identification of

Wind Rich Sites

Installation of Onsite Mast &

Wind Data Monitoring

System

Wind Data Analysis

Micro-Siting & Production

estimate

Load Analysis

Tools Software

Multi level wind masts, Sensors & data logging systems, Workstations, GPS,

camera, GSM connectivity, SODAR, etc

Windographer, WindPRO, ReSoft, WindFarm,WindSim, MATLAB, Arcview

GIS, etc.

Recommendation: Alternate Options

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Alternative 1

Promoting Private Sector Investments

-GOI could provide part of the costs of installing masts

-GOI/CWET/SNAs to coordinate and invite private sector to generate investment grade resource data for the potential wind-rich sites

-Development rights need not rest with the selected private sector entity

-Data to be shared back with SNA to be put in public domain

-Data could be used by private entity to participate in project allocation processes or any other business model

Resource validation by SNA Wind Resource Atlas Preliminary zone identification

Alternative 2

WRA as an exclusive Activity

-GOI assists SNAs to select contractors based on quoted fee; fully payable by the central/state govt

-The measured data must be submitted to the contracting agency within agreed timeframe per the pre-determined criteria

-CWET/SNA shall be responsible for assessing the quality of the data submitted.

-The contractor could earn revenue through sale of the recorded data or any derived products

GOI could design/propose project allocation framework to states who can then implement these frameworks towards optimal utilization of natural resources – Land & Wind

Govt. must scale up its ability to achieve wind vision target

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Site can be optimally utilized for both the technologies, if feasible

Preference issue between Wind Vs Solar

Projects in case common site identified

-R&R policy to take care of the alternate employment/source of living for displaced population -Some % Share of the project for displaced population

Co-ordination with the local authority and

local population is a challenge

-Time bound development of site -Cancellation of the permissions/project or BG forfeiting (as in case of Solar)

Developers who have acquired the site but

not yet developed the project

WRA already done for sites would aid site identification/selection easier for developers

Identification of wind rich sites

Identification of Suitable Sites

Land Acquisition : Facts

Land requirement for developing 200 GW would be about

40,000 sq kms (Based on 5MW/sq kms)

Out of this land requirement, only 3% is the actual

footprint of the wind farm (primarily for towers and roads)

Hence the actual land footprint of developing 200 GW of

wind power would be about 1,200 sq kms (~ size of Delhi)

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Government should take responsibility for acquisition of

land for all Government Identified Mega Wind Projects

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Land Acquisition

Landowners within wind farm perimeter receive compensation for land & access to roads

Private land use: Landowner resistance to

the project

Approx 2% of the total project cost to be kept separately for these kind of issues

Appropriate monetary compensation for land

Land registration program may be needed to determine property rights in the area of the site

Private land use: Poorly defined property rights or indigenous people's rights

Significant automation is required for faster land conversion

Land Conversion Issues: Long driven process &

time consuming

Central Govt. may propose guidelines to states and share best practices through which this can be avoided

Resistance to project by local population-

Lack of information or participation

States Land Acquisition Issues State Issues

Maharashtra

District Industries Center permission , DIC required

Difficulty in getting forest clearance in the buffer area at Tiger reserves

As per MEDA, only sparse forest land can be diverted for Wind Power Development

Madhya Pradesh Land allocation based on RFQ only twice a year- Issue for wind developers for data collection and finalization of site

Andhra Pradesh

To acquire land in a village for project, Grama Sabha must approve it first. In that Sabha, 70% will have to accept the proposal & 25% of the affected people must attend the Sabha

Govt. land to harness up to maximum of 200 MW/developer

No time limit on private wind monitoring due to which few developers are holding potential land for long time

Karnataka Procedure for conversion of agricultural land into industrial land is extremely time consuming

Gujarat

Allotment of GEDA land for WTGs is a long drawn process- Approval from Coordination Committee required

Direct purchase of land for setting up a wind project is not allowed

Identification & purchase of land for compensatory aforestation is costly 11

Consent for Establishment and Consent to Operate from State Pollution Control Board

Clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests

NOC by SNA & transmission company

Statutory clearances from municipal corporations, telecom, defence, etc.

Clearance from Ministry of Civil Aviation

Additional approvals that may be required include transportation dept, construction

permits, Grid connection, etc.

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Clearances: Required for Wind Project

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Facilitation in offering pre-developed sites to develop programmatic approach in order to achieve 20 GW

Delay in getting NOCs

• Single window clearance/maximum clearances under one roof - SNAs /SDAs may be chosen for streamlining the process

• Significant automation is required for faster clearances

Time consuming process- Multiple agencies involved

Clearances

State Clearances Issues

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State Issues

Karnataka

Difficulty in getting forest land clearances on Western Ghats retarding the growth

Forest: About the location visa-versa the Wild Life Sanctuaries, National Parks, Eco-sensitive Zones etc

Irrigation: Proposed Projects does not infringe with the drinking and irrigation rights of the local Inhabitants

Revenue: Regarding approval under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act

Consent from the Gram Panchayat etc

Madhya Pradesh

Time consuming process for various clearances log required for the project

Infrastructure

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Power Evacuation Infrastructure

Poor Transport Infrastructure

Issues Recommendations

Inadequate grid capacity to transmit power

STUs to make RE capacity addition as integral part of their Future Plans

Developer have to construct his own dedicated transmission/distribution lines from point of generation to consumption point at his own cost

Substations to be planned close to proposed RE Plants

Issues Recommendations

Constraint in transportation and installation of large turbines to wind farms located in difficult terrain (hilly areas) Any wind farm above 100 MW, SNA to

co-ordinate with PWD to strengthen roads Developers have to carry out repairs /

strengthening /reinforcement works of structurally weak roads on way to project site

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Proposed Wind Project Development Model

• Provision of ‘Single Window Clearance’ to be developed by SNAs

• Iron out the issues in current Wind Project Development model to increase its efficiency

• The total commissioning time to be reduced to 36-38 months with de-risked development

• Significant investment required from Govt. to achieve ~12 to 15 GW/annum

• “Solar Park” concept need to be introduced in Wind Sector

• Govt. should take up GW scale wind park development till clearance stage for multiple developers with well defined selection criteria

• Separate ‘National Wind Development Corporation’ may be formed (like SECI) to develop wind UMPPs

• Involvement of private investors for WRA as a separate activity

Govt. Identified Mega Projects

Self Identified Projects

Government identified Mega Wind Projects

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Identify the most suitable sites/zones for wind development

- Based on pre-defined criteria

Develop infrastructure in collaboration with all stakeholders

- Land procurement, access roads transmission layout, water linkages etc.

Invite participation of developers/investors to implement projects within the identified sites

Different power procurement modes could be used as basis to select developers/offer sites

MNRE Draft Wind Policy, Feb 2015

Wind Resource Assessment through:

◦ NIWE – in collaboration with SNAs may invite private sector firms to set

up resource monitoring stations at pre-identified sites, on temporary right

to use basis, and based on a cost sharing mechanism

◦ SNAs – considering WRA as an exclusive EPC activity, NIWE to assist

SNAs in inviting bids from relevant contractors and shortlist them on the

basis of minimum quoted fee. MNRE may provide funds through NCEF for

setting up masts and measure data for 12-24 months based on pre-specified

equipment and operational criteria laid out by NIWE. The measured data

must be submitted to the contracting agency within agreed timeframe.

NIWE/SNA may be responsible for assessing the quality of the data

submitted.

◦ Private Agencies - Any interested entity can identify suitable land and get

necessary clearances/right to use etc. from State Government. However,

project approval may have a definite time frame within which, the project

should be set up by the private party. 18

MNRE Draft Wind Policy, Feb 2015

Guidelines on Land Policies: State Government Agencies may work towards streamlining the procedure for faster allocation of land for wind power projects. Following guidelines may be adopted by State Government to achieve the specified objective:

◦ State Governments may work on a uniform policy for allocation of revenue land for wind power projects.

◦ Automatic Non-Alienation (NA) conversion may be considered for wind power projects.

◦ Simple and faster Right of Way (RoW) procedure for transmission lines.

◦ Simplification of procedures to fast track the lease of forest lands in consultation with MoEF.

◦ Acceptance of non-contiguous land for compensatory afforestation may be considered.

◦ Development of wind parks to facilitate wind power development through allotment of land on easier terms in the wind potential areas.

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MNRE Draft Wind Policy, Feb 2015

Setting up of Wind Energy Parks:

◦ Capacity of 500-1000 MW

◦ Connected to Inter-State Transmission System

◦ Wind farms could be commissioned under appropriate power allocation/procurement mechanisms.

◦ Selection may be on the basis of pre-identified criteria

Wind Power Density Quality

Land terrain availability

Proximity to existing and planned grid infrastructure and highways

◦ Wind Parks may have following attributes:

Faster clearances

Land lease at discounted price from market value

Transmission infrastructure to support the proposed capacity

Access roads connecting the site with highways or ports

A minimum onsite construction facility

Provision for setting up of Wind–Solar Hybrid Parks for harnessing solar energy having exploitable potential at the site. MNRE to issue separate guidelines for composition of wind solar components and tariff for solar component. 20

Points for Discussion

Need to change the way wind business is done in India

Require significant government involvement in Wind

Resource Assessment and Land Identification

Creation of national level organization for development of

wind projects in association with State agencies

Single window clearance through SNAs

Development of wind land bank - An online repository of the

available land in states with all necessary information

It may include land use, infrastructure available, location,

market access, wind resource assessment, etc.

RE integration to be made integral part of STU perspective

planning process

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Thank You

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