FCPS World II SOL Standards: WHII 10a and 10b

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

World War I-Results (1919)You Mean the War Ended in a Royal Palace in France?The Fighting StopsOn November 11, 1919 at 11:11 AM, the fighting of World War I stopped. Over 16 million people had been killed. Almost $200 billion dollars had been spent. Much of the fighting on the Western Front was in France, and it had destroyed homes, businesses, farmland, and entire towns. The Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires had fallen. The Allied Powers’ representatives from Britain, France, the United States, and Italy met at the Palace of Versailles in France to decide what would happen next. The French representative was very angry at Germany and wanted revenge. On the other hand, President Woodrow Wilson of the United States hoped to establish permanent peace, and that World War I would be “the war to end all wars.” Populations from the Allies’ colonies hoped they would be given independence.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the League of NationsWilson’s plan for the end of World War I was called the Fourteen Points. Each point was a step that, he hoped, would end conflicts and prevent future wars. These points included the end of secret alliances, freedom of the seas, and independence for colonies. This gave hope to colonies like India and Vietnam that had helped their colonial

Versailles Peace Conference. President Wilson is on the right.Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles#mediaviewer/File:Big_four.jpg

Blocking the Way!Source: http://hti.osu.edu/sites/hti.osu.edu/files/styles/raw-image/public/14Points_39.jpg?itok=qN1Z0pba

The Treaty of VersaillesIn the end, Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were largely ignored. The Treaty of Versailles treated Germany very harshly. Germany was forced to sign a “war guilt clause,” saying that the war was Germany’s fault. Germany would have to pay reparations to the Allied Powers to help repair the damage done by the war. These reparations crippled the German economy. The size of Germany’s military was also greatly reduced to prevent it from starting more wars. Territories and colonies controlled by Germany were given to Britain and France.The only one of Wilson’s Fourteen Points adopted in the Treaty of Versailles was the League of Nations. Forty-two nations joined initially, but the United

masters to win the war.Wilson’s final point was also his most important -- the establishment of a League of Nations. The League of Nations would be an international cooperative organization, a group of nations working together to keep peace. Wilson hoped that countries would settle their conflicts by negotiating in the League of Nations instead of fighting each other.

States refused to join. The U.S. Senate, which had to agree to join the League rejected membership. In addition to the absence of the United States, the League was weak because it had no power to enforce its decisions or act with military force.

World War I-Results (cont.) WHII 10a and 10b

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Connection to TodayWhat treaties do you know that exist today? Are the treaties economic, military, environmental, or political treaties? Who signed them? Are they being enforced?

ResourcesABC-CLIO● Paris Peace Conference http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/309875?terms=treaty%20of%20versaillesMarshall Cavendish● India, the Middle East, and China after 1918 http://www.marshallcavendishdigital.com/articledisplayre-sult/27/6269/64036

The Mandate System Shortly after it was established, the League of Nations created the Mandate System. This system divided up the territories of the fallen Central Powers and were given control to the Allies (see map). For example, the Ottoman Empire was sectioned off between Britain and France. Britain took control of Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine. France took control of Syria and Lebanon. The stated goal of the Mandate System was that Britain and France would prepare these territories to rule themselves. Other mandates were created in Africa and Asia. The majority of the countries in the mandate system would gain their independence during the second half of the 20th century.

Source: New York World, 1921 Source: http://rulersandleaders.com/pol_cartoons/pc_NYWorld_reparations.htm

Key VocabularyFourteen Points: President Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen part plan for ending World War I peacefully and preventing future wars

Mandate System: division of former Ottoman territories between Britain and France, developed by the League of Nations

War guilt clause: the section of the Treaty of Versailles that Germany had to sign, admitting that World War I was their fault

Reparations: payments for damages that occur during a war usually paid by the losing side

Treaty of Versailles: the treaty that ended World War I. It blamed and punished Germany for the war and created the League of Nations

League of Nations: An international cooperative organization where representatives of countries would meet to prevent wars; one of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Point

International cooperative organization: an alliance of many different countries working together to reach a common goal

Quick Review1. Which of Wilson’s Fourteen Points was the most important? 2.

A. Ending secret alliancesB. Allowing freedom of the seasC. Granting independence to all coloniesD. Creating a League of Nations

In the political cartoon, Germany is crushed under World War I reparations. What does the cartoon suggest?A. The reparations were just.B. France demanded reparations.C. The League of Nations decided the reparations amount.D. Germany would not be able to pay the reparations.

3. According to the map of the Mandate System, which mandate is INCORRECTLY matched?A. Transjordan → FranceB. Iraq → BritainC. Lebanon → FranceD. Palestine → Britain

4. Do you think the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh on Germany? Why or why not? Use at least two vocabulary terms in your answer.