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Will Renevable energy save and protect natural ENVIRONMENT? Dr in . Jacek Wereszczaka University of Agriculture in Szczecin, POLAND Eberswalde 2006

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Will Renevable energy save andprotect natural ENVIRONMENT?

Dr inż. Jacek Wereszczaka University of Agriculture in Szczecin, POLAND

Eberswalde 2006

Strip mine of brown coal

The EU’s general target for renewable energy (1997)

By 2010, renewable energy’s share of gross inland energy consumption in the EU15 should reach 12%

(Source: 1997 White Paper “Energy for the future”, COM (1997) 599. Calculated under the classical method; equivalent to 14.5% under the substitution method)

Prime objectives of EU renewable energy policy:

Reduce CO2 emissionsMore secure supply

of energy

Renewable energy sources:

Günther HanreichDirector DG Energy and TransportEuropean Commission

Additional benefits:

-improve air quality

-create jobs andbusinesses, many in rural areas

Renewable energy sources:

540 !

?

Źródło: IIASA 1995 – Global Energy Perspectives to 2050 and Beyond

CoalPetroleum

Gas Nuklear

RiverBiomass

Past Future

Where will the biomass come from?

- we probably need an additional

70-80 Mtoe per year

- Agriculture?

1. FOOD2. FEED3. FIBRE4. BIOMASS

- Wastes?

- Forestry?

Poland 1996 y.

Źródło: GUS 1997 – Gospodarka Paliwowo – Energetyczna w latach 1995 - 1996

4,7%

Poland – only 2,6% total energyconsumption becoming from

renewable sources

(Pruszyski i Gacek 2005)

• 8.07.2000 Rezolucja Sejmu RP:„W sprawie wzrostu wykorzystania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych”

• 9.09.2000 Rada Ministrów RP: „Strategia rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej”

• 23.08.2001 Sejm RP: „Strategia rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej”

Target:2010 y. – 7,5%2020 y. – 14%

Rok Year Procentowy udział energii z OZE w bilansieenergetycznym kraju % RES

2004 2,852005 3,102006 3,602007 4,202008 5,002009 6,002010 7,50źródło: wg Rozporzdzenia Ministra Gospodarki, Pracy i Polityki Społecznej z 30.05.2003 r.

Wielkość potencjału technicznego energii możliwa do pozyskania z odnawialnych źródeł energii w ciągu roku w Polsce.

4069,6Całkowite zużycie energii pierwotnej w Polsce w 1998 roku

ok. 14143372514Ogółem

370551340Promieniowanie słoneczne

4-5436Energia wiatru

ok. 200100200Zasoby geotermalne

305043Energia wodna

810128895Biomasa

Według raportu przygotowanego na potrzeby

Banku Światowego**PJ

Według strategii redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych

PJ

Według ekspertyzyEC BREC*Źródła energii

* ,, Ekologiczne i prawne aspekty wykorzystania ” (EC BREC, 2000)** Hauff, 1996

Wind energy in Poland

Geothermal energy in Poland

In an EU of 25 members, HOW MUCH RENEWABLE ENERGY DO WE NEED TO MEET OUR GENERAL TARGET?

Using the substitution method and extending the “12%” target to include the new Member State, we need to move from 146 Mtoe of renewable energy in 2000 to 260 Mtoe in 2010 - an increased contribution of 114 Mtoe

1995 2000 2010

Total energy consumption

1623 Mtoe

1700 1847

Renewable energy contribution

127 146 260

Renewable energy's contribution in the EU25 (Mtoe)

127 128 131 138 139 146 153

260

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2010

targe

t

Contribution of renewable energy sources, EU25 (Mtoe, substitution method)

74

1 3

5082

6 4

617237

8

143

hydro wind solar +geothermal

biomass

1995

2001

2010 (sketch)

Rosa sp.

Helianthus sp.

1,281,371,89Popiół, %

19,5619,2518,55Wartość kaloryczna drewna, MJ/kg s.m.

46,0549,6252,86Wilgotność drewna, %

21,616,114,9Plon suchej masy drewna, t/ha rocznie

co roku co 2 lata co 3 lata

Częstotliwość zbioru pędów

Rodzaj danych

Salix sp.

Miscanthus sp.

Sida sp.

Polygonumcuspidatum

as a additionalsource of

Bioenergy – thefield experimet

The present research was carried outover 2004-2005,

on good rye soil suitability complex.

In Agricultural Experiment Station Lipnik, near of Stargard Szczeciński – Poland.Long-term annual mean precipitation is

550 mm.

Polygonum cuspidatum(Sieb. & Zucc.)

The first factor (I): number of harvest per year:

A – one time per year,B – twice per year.

The second factor (II): nitrogenfertilization, on the first year only:

1- 0 kg.ha-1 ,2 - 25 kg.ha-1,3 - 50 kg.ha-1,4 - 75 kg.ha-1,

5 - 100 kg.ha-1.

(N)

A - oneB - twice

The first factor (cuttig)

12

34

5

The secound factor(N fertilization)

Growthdynamic ofPolygonum

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250

dzień ka le nda rzow y roku

w ys okś ć c m

1 2 3 4 5

28,08.2004

The day of the year

Heigh of plant (cm)

Table 1. Yield of Polygonum cuspidatum(g dry matter per plant - the first year - 2004)

115,4140,8119119,5122,575,3Mean

159,7170,3154,9175,4184,3113,6B*

71,1111,383,0663,5360,6336,96A*

54321 Mean

N - fertilizationNumberof

cutting

LSD 0,05 I = 56,47LSD 0,05 II = 41,71LSD 0,05 II/ I = 58,99

2004

020406080

100120140160180200

A B

g DM

2004

0

50

100

150

200

0 25 50 75 100 kg N

g DM

Productivity of N (2004 y.)

Produktywność 1 g azotu wyrażona w plonie suchej masy rdestu ostrokończystego (g).

5,65,1555,23,564

12,22,35327,34,752

––1*

DMDM

BA*

DM

Sucha ma s a

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 2 4 6 8g * N

A

B

g. s . m.

Table 2. Yield of Polygonum cuspidatum(g dry matter per plant - the secound year - 2005)

425,0440,0420,8395,8,472,5395,8Mean

573,3525567537680558B*

276,7355275255265233A*

54321 Mean

N - fertilizationNumberof

cutting

LSD 0,05 I = 1,572LSD 0,05 II = 46,738LSD 0,05 II/ I = 71,165

2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

A B

g DM

2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 25 50 75 100 kg N

g DM

Productivity of N (2005 y.)

Produktywność 1 g azotu wyrażona w plonie suchej masy rdestu ostrokończystego (g).

-4,1715,251,46,94-5,45,4360,815,82

––1*

DMDM

BA*

DM

Suc ha ma s a

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 2 4 6 8g * N

A

B

g. s . m.

Energy on dry matter

27

16

etanol

POLYGONUM CUSPIDATUM

38olej roślinny42olej opałowy32węgiel kamienny20węgiel brunatny16drewno15celuloza16trawa chińska

MJ x kg-1materiał

Source: Ekopartner 2001

Source: Cieśla 1998

Table 2. Yield of energy per one plant per year[MJ].

4,3204,654,324,124,783,77Mean

5,685,565,775,706,915,38

2,873,732,862,552,612,16

54321

A*

B*

Mean

N - fertilizationNumber ofcutting

Reduced emission of CO2

» T DM GJ Energy = t carbon kg CO2

• 12 500 3,38 54,04 1,58 371

• 20 000 5,40 86,46 2,52 592

• 30 000 8,11 129,7 3,78 880

Emission ofPlant number per 10 000 sqm

Conclusions• Polygonum cuspidatum can be an additionally

sources of renewably energy.• It can be recommended especially for

reclamation of devastated soils.• The best resoult will be recive in plot where the

two plants per 1 sqrm, with two times of cutting, with only 25 kg N per ha fertilization are apply(The yield of DM in 2005 -16,6 t .ha-1).

• Additional profit: we can decrease emission ofCO2 by-592 kg useing for energy biomass from1 ha of reclamation soil.

Thank you for your kindly attention