Ted Leighton

Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative

Western College of Veterinary Medicine

University of Saskatchewan

Canada

6 August 2015

Wildlife Health in the

21st Century

KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

Wildlife Health in the

21st Century

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

“We have recently received, from a highly placed scientific source, a remarkable document. It appears to be the keynote address from a convention of the World Pathogen Association (WPA) entitled:

‘Our Infective Future: The New Agenda’

In it, President Prion, announces a profound change in policy that should be of grave concern to humanity, because it portends a shift in the goals of our major predators. We are grateful to Science for communicating the text in its entirety.” * Science 29 June 2001, Vol. 292 no. 5526 p. 2397

New World Pathogen Strategy Disclosed* (Transmitted by Thomas Eisner & Paul R. Ehrlich)

June 2001

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

Key Points

• “… that most of our natural hosts are disappearing.”

• “… a single species, Homo sapiens, has come to reign supreme on Earth”

• “… we must prepare ourselves to change our tastes, shift hosts, and take advantage of the single most appealing and available addition to our menu”

New World Pathogen Strategy Disclosed

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

• “In extraordinary numbers, they are now undernourished and immunodeficient.”

• “They are on the move, spreading us and providing us many new opportunities …”

• “They expend their medical resources on the few, failing to exclude us …”

• “They misuse antibiotics, blind to our evolutionary capacity …”

• “They are recklessly changing the climate, releasing many of us from our historical geographical constraints …”

“There are many factors that give us hope.”

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

• “All in all, my fellow pathogens, Homo is the opportunity that ultimately can benefit us all. Aside from their prevalence in numbers, they show all the weaknesses that maximize our effective potential … There is a free lunch, and it is them.”

“In conclusion”

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE

You Are Here

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE

?

What Causes Disease ?

Environments

Hosts Pathogens

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

Nipah Virus – Malaysia 1998

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

Nipah Virus 1998

The CAUSE of the Epidemic

• New Large-scale

Pig Farms

• Fruit Trees planted on Pig Farms

PC Bali

Environmental Changes 2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 15 2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

What Causes Disease ?

Environments

Hosts Pathogens

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

You Are Here

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE

?

You Are Here

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE

?

www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 19 2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

Zoonotic: unspecified Zoonotic: non-wildlife Zoonotic: wildlife Non-zoonotic

1940 2000 By Decade

Number of Emerging Disease Events: By Decade

20

40

60

80

100

Jones et al. 2008. Nature 451:

990-994

• 60% Zoonotic • 43% from Wildlife

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

What Causes Disease ?

Environments

Hosts Pathogens

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

What Causes Disease ?

Hosts Pathogens

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

Zoonotic: unspecified Zoonotic: non-wildlife Zoonotic: wildlife Non-zoonotic

1940 2000 By Decade

Number of Emerging Disease Events: By Decade

20

40

60

80

100

Jones et al. 2008. Nature 451:

990-994

• 60% Zoonotic • 43% from Wildlife

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 24 Photo: Ian K. Barker

www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 25

www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 26 Photo: Hamilton Greenwood

National

Program of

Wildlife Health

Management

_______

Coordination

&

Communication

Prevention

Detection &

Surveillance

Response & Recovery

Components of a National Program for Wildlife Health Management

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

National

Program of

Wildlife Health

Management

_______

Coordination

&

Communication

Prevention

Detection &

Surveillance

Response & Recovery

Knowledge Support

Science Research Training

Components of a National Program for Wildlife Health Management

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

National

Program of

Wildlife Health

Management

_______

Coordination

&

Communication

Prevention

Detection &

Surveillance

Response & Recovery

Knowledge Support

Science Research Training

Supportive National Policies

Responsible Parties and Stakeholders Government Ministries Universities Non-government

Governance and Finance

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

You Are Here

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE

?

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Millennium Development Goals

of the United Nations

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

• Achieve universal primary education

• Promote gender equality and empower women

• Reduce child mortality

• Improve maternal health

• Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

• Ensure environmental sustainability

• Develop a global partnership for development

Waage et al. 2015, Lancet Global Health

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture

The Sustainable Development Goals of the UN General Assembly May 2015

Wildlife Health in the

21st Century

2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture