Why Recreate?

Physiological Needs and Gains• Base Level

– need for survival - requisites of life

• As we satisfy this we have other needs– recreation helps the development of the entire

organism

• Stimulus of recreation helps the co-ordination and development of the mind, organs and emotions

Recreation - Contribution to Learned Behaviour

• Lessons are passed on to other areas of our lives

– May be positive or negative

– Concern for training, design of activities

– Links to ease of access - recreation as necessity

Psychological Needs and Gains

1 Satisfaction of basic instincts

• A lack of gratification leads to frustration

• Fulfillment may not be possible through work or personal relationships

• Recreational activity may be selected for this type of satisfaction

• Aggression (link to cathartic device) can be satisfied with combative sports

• Need for ‘living on the edge’ - rollercoasters, hang gliding, bungee

• Activities then might need to be designed with this need in mind

• “man is a social animal” and perhaps suicidal as well

• Australian Yacht Club Race - 6 die– “rich guys and their hired hands”

• “tycoons attempting to become the first to fly around the world in a hot-air balloon”

2 Self-Expression

• Most of the work experience has the ‘bars of dignity’ built in

One has to dress to fit the job

One has to be on time

One has to perform in an expected (sometimes deferential) manner

As a student - wait for job interview time near graduation

• Recreation on the other hand

Self - expression

Timing of eating, breaks, drinking

Expression through dress, verbal expressions and body gestures

In planning - A consideration for ‘appropriate’ rules

3 Relaxation

• Individuals are different - recreation is a refuge from stress but it varies from individual to individual

Training

Thought

Concentration

• Problem of reverse effect

– Stress from recreational activities

• Link to design of facilities - access

Multiple use facilities?

4 Sense of Personal Worth

  At work your measure of worth - is it linked to the job?

  Can it be measured - paycheck?

  A sense of self worth may come from achievements in recreational activities  memberships in service areas, handicap in golf,

• Attempts to climb Mt. Everest since Sir Edmund Hillary - one guide, no oxygen

• 707 have now reached the top since 1953

• 160 have died trying

• Guided and pampered tours now cost $65,000 US to get to the top - regardless of your condition

• Reward - a badge saying “I’ve Been Up Everest” - It’s all about vanity

• The impact on planning

– The sense of competition– The recording of statistics– Presentation of awards, plaques

– preferred locations, rooms, sites– a sense of status

5 Recreation as Therapy

• If recreation releives boredom, alleviates stress, lessens anxiety - then side benefits to health

• Link between participation and health

• Example of sports medicine - helps insomnia, reduction of chances of heart attack

• Simple activities such as the value to seniors in keeping pets

• Athletic injuries, heart attacks, pet bites

Reality and Planning

Desire

vs

The ‘Real’ System

‘Styles of Planning’Farrell and Lundgren

• Important for explanation of facility location - link to activities that are presented

• Motivation of planners will influence the direction they travel in

1 Planning by Objectives

• A larger goal is sought - perhaps improvement in health (cost savings to the system)

• The direction will be selected as to how these goals will be met (common to government) - link to marketing and persuasion

2 Programming by external requirements

• May be programme standards or activity standards - dictate size, type of facility, perhaps location

• safety standards (rifle ranges) may be an example - plus addition of noise regulations

• dimensions of football fields

• Olympic considerations as an example

3 Programming by Desires of Participants

• Knowledge base is essential

• Generally involves first hand research

• Problem of facility investigation - problem of ‘false demand’

3 Programming by Desires of Participants

• Most popular to write about and discuss but not implemented as much as discussed

• Time and Money

4 Programming by Perceived Needs of Participants

• The planner is a pro - knows what others want from the planner’s training

• Their background and occupation place them in a ‘better’ position to identify desires

4 Programming by Perceived Needs of Participants

• Participants do not know their own needs and want to be told

• People are much the same• Waste of time and money

  to investigate

  People will be happy with satisfactory choices

5 Programming by ‘Cafeteria Style”

• People do change - therefore  their interests change

• Produce the widest variety  possible

• Participants will find at least one attractive activity (if they do switch you do not have to reprogramme)

• COMPROMISE

End Consideration

• Planning and programming by

– objectives

– external requirements

– perceived needs

– and a smattering of buffet philosophy

• The motivations behind the desire to recreate have to be considered

• The desires of the participants

– In many cases this is used ‘after the fact’

– Implementation of programmes, then testing to fine tune and work with market area