Why did England Go To The New

World?

Focus Question

• Compare and contrast the colonization of Latin

America by the Spanish with England’s colonization of its southern colonies in

North America.

European Events Influencing England• Protestant Reformation

• King Henry VIII: (1534)– Protestants vs. Catholics

• England vs. Spain

• Queen Elizabeth (1558)• “Sea Dogs”– Francis Drake– Sir Walter Raleigh– Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588)

• By 1600: England= – Nationalism– Religious unity – Strong leadership

England on the Eve of Empire

• Displaced Farmers- enclosures• Patriarchal Laws – eldest son-

primogeniture• Joint-stock Company early 1600s

Flag of British East India Company

From Whence Thy Offspring Shall Emerge …

‘Murica

From These Beginnings reading

As we read a historical essay, we need to decipher the main topics of the article. What were the main topics discussed by author Paige Smith in “From These Beginnings?”

What position was she taking on the each of the topics?

For the following activity, you will be given one of the topics and generate 3 analytical statements and provide evidence for each of your statements.

Analysis + Evidence= Goodness!

Analysis: * making an argument

Evidence:* proving an argument

For example:* The Dark Knight Rises had an incomprehensible plot. (Analysis)* For example, a financially bankrupt Bruce Wayne just “showed up” in Gotham hours after being stuck in a hole in an Indian prison halfway around the world. (Evidence)

Thesis Statement: What is it?

• for most student work, it's a one- or two- sentence statement that explicitly outlines the purpose or point of your paper.

• It is generally a complex, compound sentence

What does it do?

• it should point toward the development or course of argument the reader can expect your argument to take

What it determines

• The thesis sentence must control the entire argument.

• Your thesis sentence determines what you are required to say in a paper.

• It also determines what you cannot say.• Every paragraph in your paper exists in order to

support your thesis. • Accordingly, if one of your paragraphs seems

irrelevant to your thesis you have two choices: get rid of the paragraph, or rewrite your thesis.

• Write a thesis statement for Paige Smith’s essay.• What do you think the thesis statement is in Paige

Smith’s essay?

Examining the Southern Colonies

After initial contact with Native Americans, colonists began to pour onto the shores of the eastern seaboard of North America. What emerged was not a singular nation of people but a diverse collection of settlers arriving for a variety of reasons (Remember: Page Smith?).

Today you are going to be responsible for investigating a specific group of settlers as we examine southern colonies and the West Indies as its trade was so closely tied to these colonies.

In groups of 4-5 you will select from: Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, the West Indies and Georgia. Fill out the chart (as much as the textbook allows you to). Later today and tomorrow, you will be sharing your colony with your group as they gather the information on additional charts, we will discuss them as a class, and Friday we will be quizzing over the southern colonies.

Is there just ONE “south?”

Settlement of New World- “Southern style”

-Initial settlement in VA.

- Jamestown- 1607

-Important to remember---

- Groups coming over

- Motivations

- Time span

-What this means for colonies

- Diversity

- Lack of organization

Jamestown• Virginia Company Charter 1606• Charter guarantees: Rights of

colonist-- significance• Near collapse the first year 1607• John Smith• Powhatan and Pocahontas• “starving time” 1609-1610• Lord De La Warr 1610• Headright system – 50 acres

Clash of Cultures• Colonist raided Powhatans

food• 1610 De La Warr’s “Irish Tactics”• 1614 John Rolfe m. Pocahontas• Second Anglo-Powhatan War -1644• Failed assimilation• Three Ds: disease, disorganization & disposability

The Indians’ New World

• Horses on the plains• Disease killed many elders• Barter-&-exchange for

Europe’s commerce• Guns• Some intermarrying

Tobacco• John Rolfe 1612• Need for land• Ruined soil in 5 years• Labor intensive• Slave 1619 (expensive)• James I detested tobacco --the

Virginia Company – revoked the charter 1624

Virginia House of Burgesses- 1620

Maryland: Catholic Haven

• Founded 1634 by Lord Baltimore• Catholic discriminations• Proprietary colony – tobacco• Catholic land owners-Protestant

farmers• Mainly indentured servants• Act of Toleration 1649

The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders...

and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...."

Slavery

The West Indies

• Jamaica 1655• Sugar – “rich man’s crop”• African Diaspora• Barbados slave code 1661• North American importance to the

Indies

Colonizing the Carolinas

• English Civil War 1640-1660• Restoration of Charles II• 1670 Chartered• Close economic ties with the Indies• Indian slave trade – Savannah

Indians• Rice• Spanish Catholic Florida

•Taxation without Parliament's consent •Forced loans •Arbitrary arrest •Imprisonment contrary to the Magna Carta •Arbitrary interference with property rights •Lack of enforcement of habeas corpus •Forced billeting of troops •Imposition of martial law •Exemption of officials from due process

Emergence of North Carolina

• Squatters from Virginia• Irreligious & Pirate Haven• 1712 officially separated from South• It and R.I. most democratic of colonies

Georgia the Buffer Colony

• Founded 1733 by James Oglethorpe• Philanthropic endeavor• Debtors, silk, wine, missionaries• John Wesley

Characteristics Shared by Southern Colonies

1. Staple Crops– tobacco, rice - Will encourage southern colonies to center

economy around labor intensive agriculture- thus:

2. Indentured servitude-slavery3. Land owned by few rich people

- Headright system4. Scattering of plantations and farms

- Slowed growth of cities- Establishment of churches and schools

difficult/rare5. Some religious tolerance (Anglican Church

primarily)6. Staple crops took land

- movement to interior- conflicts with Native Americans