WHO perspective on WASH and Health

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) for ALL

“Innovative Approaches”19 July 2017

How do WASH diseases get into us?

The F Diagram

WASH and Health : Context• India has recorded the highest number of pneumonia and

diarrhoea deaths in the world among children aged below five, with nearly three lakh deaths in 2016

• About 39% of children under five are stunted. The evidence base for WASH contributions to under nutrition and stunting is significant

• Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) such as kala-azar, soil transmitted helminth (worm) infections (e.g., hook worm), leprosy, Japanese encephalitis, and dengue also affect a major population of the country every year.

WASH has a critical role in saving lives throughout the life course

Goal 6

6.1Drinking

water6.2

Sanitationand

hygiene

6.3Watewaterand water

quality6.4

Water scarcity

6.5Water

resourcemanagem

ent

6.6Eco-

systems

Inter linkages in the 2030 Agenda

3.9Air and Water

pollution

11.5Sustainable

cities12.4SCP :

Wastemanageme

nt

Burden of Disease

• 500,000 deaths each year from unsafe water

• Modest gains at improved level

• Larger gains for well managed systems

6

Joint Monitoring Report, 2017

• India achieved 99 per cent coverage of drinking water services. However, according to the criteria of safely managed drinking water adopted in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) framework, only 49 per cent of the rural population is using safely managed drinking water (which is located on premises, available when needed and free of contamination).

• An overall coverage of 60.2 per cent for sanitation services – 44 per cent in rural areas (31 per cent safely managed + 3 per cent basic + 7 per cent shared + 3 per cent unimproved) and 93 per cent in urban areas (65 per cent basic + 23 per cent shared + 5 per cent unimproved; there is not enough data to estimate safely managed sanitation in urban areas).

Key Initiatives : WHO

• Water Safety Planning

• Sanitation Safety Planning

•

•

Water Safety Plans

"The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply

– is through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and

risk management approach that encompasses all steps in

water supply from catchment to consumer. In these Guidelines, such approaches are called water safety plans (WSPs)”.

WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd Edition, 2004

What are Water Safety Plans ?

Water Safety Plans identify:

• Risks to water quality in the water supply system from catchment to consumer;

• Control measures to reduce or eliminate the risks to water quality; and

• Effectiveness of control measures (verification).

What a Water Safety Plan seeks to do:

Minimize

contamination of

source water

Reduce or remove

contamination by

treatment

1

2

3

Source Treatment

Plant

Distribution system

and customer’s

practices

Line sketches: Shaw at WEDC

Prevent

recontamination

during storage,

distribution &

handling at household

What is Sanitation Safety Planning?

• SSP is a step-by-step health risk based approach for managing monitoring and improving sanitation systems

• SSP also assists to implement the 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater, Excretaand Greywater

Who is SSP for?

• health authorities and regulators

• local authorities

• sanitation enterprises and farmers

• wastewater utility managers

• community based organizations, farmers associations and NGOs

GLAAS objectives

• Monitor the inputs required to extend and sustain WASH systems and services to all, especially the unserved and vulnerable groups

• Support country-led processes that bring together the many institutions and actors that are involved in delivering WASH services

• Identify drivers and bottlenecks of progress, highlight knowledge gaps and assess strengths and challenges across countries

• Collect data from countries and external support agencies

GLAAS 2017 report• Data from 75 countries and 25 External

Support Agencies (ESAs)• More WASH financing data compared to

previous GLAAS cycles➢ Countries providing government

expenditure data

➢ From WHO South-East Asia region:▪ 3 countries provided expenditure data▪ 8 countries provided budget data

GLAAS cycle # countries

2009/2010 2

2011/2012 17

2013/2014 33

2016/2017 42

Key messages

More and better data are available for informed decision-making

Key messages

Official development assistance (ODA) disbursements for water and sanitation are increasing, but future investments are uncertain

Key messages

Extending WASH services to vulnerable groups is a policy priority, but implementation is lagging behind

• Urgent need for efficient multi-sectoral actions to ensure universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking-water and to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene

• There are tools and essentials required to provide citizens with better health outcomes, with enhanced coordination and better alignment, the country can strive to achieve the 2030 Agenda of achieving universal access to safe water and sanitation.

Conclusion

Thank you!

Spare slides

Air pollution , health and SDGs23 | 23

Service ladder Progressive realization

SDG 6.2Safely managed

sanitation services

Use of improved facilities which are

not shared with other households

and where excreta are safely

disposed in situ or transported and

treated off-site

Basic serviceUse of improved facilities which are

not shared with other households

Limited serviceUse of improved facilities shared

between two or more households

Unimproved

Use of pit latrines without a slab or

platform, hanging latrines and

bucket latrines

Open defecation

Disposal of human faeces in fields,

forest, bushes, open bodies of

water, beaches or other open

spaces or with

solid waste

Pro

gre

ss

ive

Re

alis

ati

on

Air pollution , health and SDGs24 | 24

Not shared

3. Septic tank/

latrine wastes

safely

contained/disposed

onsite

Improved

facility

2. Septic tank/

latrine wastes

safely treated

offsite

1. Sewage

safely treated

offsite

Safely Managed Sanitation Services

Basic service