who cares? challenges on cross- border movement of care ...foreign care workers in institutions...
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Who Cares? Challenges on Cross-Border Movement of Care Workers
ASATO Wako
Associate Professor, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto
University, Japan
2017 AUGUST 15, Ho chi minh
Summary• Rapid care supply-demand gap (care gap)in the process of
ageing. Several million gap till 2035. • Strong preference on family care(familism, community) ⇔western Europe.
• More than one million est. migrant domestic worker for elderly care.
• Challenges to familism: skills for dementia, paralysis etc. • Diverse familism: strong state responsibility on Japan and
liberal familialism in Singapore. • Overqualification and underqualification causes
inadequate HR allocation throughout Asia. • Standardization/harmonization of qualification might be
considered for the better QOL and protection of elderly/migrant.
20,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
Japan
2050(est.)
女性Female
男性Male
1,000 500 0 500 1,000 1,500
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+Singapore 2050
Active labor force
Not active labor force
15,000 10,000 5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
Vietnam 2050
Male
30,000 20,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
Indonesia 2050
Dual pressure: work / care pressureJapanCare pressure: 100,000 quit from job for care.15,000 abuses on elderly even social insurance of elderly care.
4
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
8000008
8
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
20
00
200
1
200
2
20
03
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
Number of Foreign Domestic Workers in three societies: outcome of familism
HK Taiwan Spore
Major sending countries: Indonesia, the
Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia,
Thailand
Proper skill is needed for dementia,
paralysis, frail elderly but no proper
cross border training
⇨under-qualification
Risk of accident, liability, QOL
Vulnerable citizenship
and working condition
Chinese
Taipei
Foreign care workers in institutions
• Nurses recruited as care worker in institution
• Chinese Taipei: 30% of foreign care worker
• Singapore: 90% of nurse aide
• Japan: 90% of nurse aide and care worker under EPA
• nearly 10K nurses recruited as care worker per year in ASEAN+Japan+NIES
⇨Deskilling, over-qualification, HR waste
Domestic workers seldom receive training on elderly care/dementia care
Nurses working as nurse aide/ careworker receive more training
Domestic worker in Hong KongCare worker training in Beijing. Most of them are migrants from other provinces.Resource rich? No, scarce HR.
Confusion on elderly care qualification. Nursing cover elderly care?Dialogue with Minister for the Ministry of Health in Indonesia Is care work nursing?
Training in Hanoi to be a care worker
Japan-China exchange program for elderly care skills in Beijing, China
Demography as Asian divide or integration: future of OUR CARE
• Inadequate human resource allocation from over-qualification and under-qualification within Asia.
• Skills development for care workers: harmonized cross-border qualification system.
• Empowerment of family care provider including domestic worker.
• family policy/support system for compatibility between care/work
• Community care and migrants: temporary alien or community integration?
• UN convention on the rights of older people from the viewpoint of quality of care and protection of care provider.