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Where to take DEEP?

February 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8

10

14

20

26

32

41

CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS DEEP?

CHAPTER 2: DEEP FROM 2003 TO PRESENT

CHAPTER 3: HOW TO CONTINUE DEEP?

CHAPTER 4: WHO ARE THE POTENTIAL PARTNERS?

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION

ABOUT THE ASIA-EUROPE FOUNDATION (ASEF)

ABOUT THE ASEM EDUCATION HUB (AEH)

About DEEPA brief history

Phase IPhase IIEvaluation

Scenario 1: DEEP as it isScenario 2: Abridged DEEP

StudyPortalsUNESCOASEM Education Secretariat (AES)MENON Network

6

ANNEXES

TABLESTable 1 Budget Estimation for Scenario 1

Table 2 Budget Estimation for Scenario 2: Option A

Table 3 Budget Estimation for Scenario 2: Option B

Table 4 A Comparative Analysis of DEEP and UNESCO Portals

Table 5 Detailed Budget Estimates for Scenario 1

Table 6 Detailed Budget Estimates for Scenario 2 (Year One)

Table 7 Detailed Budget Estimates for Scenario 2 (Year Two and Succeeding Years)

Annex 1: Chairman’s Statement, ASEM I Summit (Bangkok, 1996)

Annex 2: Chairman’s Statement, ASEM II Summit (London, 1998)

Annex 3: Information Sheet, 2nd General Meeting on the ASEM Education Hub (Singapore, November 2003)

Annex 4: Chairman’s Statement, ASEM III Summit (Seoul, 2000)

Annex 5: Chairman’s Statement, ASEM IV Summit (Copenhagen, 2002)

Annex 6: DEEP Web Statistics Review (2007-2009) Annex 7: DEEP Phase I Budget Plan

Annex 8: International Association of Universities (IAU) Report 2009

Annex 9: Academic Cooperation Association (ACA) Report 2009

Annex 10: Budget Estimates as of November 2011 (with reference documents)

Annex 11: StudyPortals’ Proposal 2010

Annex 12: ACCESS White Paper 2010

Annex 13: ASEF Intervention at the 1st Asia-Europe Meeting of Ministers for Education (Berlin, May 2008)

Annex 14: DEEP Briefing Note and PowerPoint Presentation, Education Senior Officials’ Meeting (Copenhagen, May 2011)

Annex 15: Conclusions by the Chair, 3rd Asia-Europe Meeting of Ministers for Education (Copenhagen, May 2011)

Note : All Annexes are to be found on the CD attachment.

7

ACRONYMS

FIGURES

ASEF Asia-Europe Foundation

ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting

ACCESS Academic Cooperation Europe-South East Asia Support

ACA Academic Cooperation Association

AEH ASEM Education Hub

AES ASEM Education Secretariat

DAAD German Academic Exchange Service

DEEP Database on Education Exchange Programmes

BOG Board of Governors

EC European Commission

EM Erasmus Mundus

IAU International Association of Universities

NICs National Information Centres

NFPs National Focal Points

NUFFIC Netherlands Organisation for International Cooperation in Higher Education

PA Partnership Agreement

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

UNESCO Portal UNESCO Portal on Recognized Higher Education Institutions

WHED World Higher Education Database

Figure 1 DEEP Homepage

Figure 2 DEEP Postcard and Brochure

Figure 3 Number of Visitors to DEEP website

Figure 4 UNESCO Portal

8

The importance of education has been emphasised since the inception of the Asia-Europe Meeting1 (ASEM) process in 19962.This was further reinforced at the ASEM II Summit (London) when the leaders endorsed the “establishment of ASEM education hubs to encourage more academic exchanges between students of Asian and European universities”3.

At the ASEM IV Summit in 2002 (Copenhagen), the ASEM leaders stressed the importance of “human resources development and education… and encouraged increased educational exchange to foster mutual understanding between the two regions”. Following the endorsement of the ASEM leaders, the ASEM Symposium on Education Exchange was organised in 2003 (Japan). There, university leaders and representatives of institutions of higher education underlined the necessity of increasing efforts to promote and facilitate educational exchanges and academic co-operation between Asia and Europe. The creation of a database on educational exchanges gained further momentum, with the support and endorsement of the Government of Japan and the Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF)’s Board of Governors.

From 2003-2006, ASEF developed the Database on Education Exchange Programmes (DEEP) – a comprehensive online portal on universities, student exchanges and scholarships in Asia and Europe. It seeks to promote better awareness of study opportunities among students and encourage mobility within the ASEM’s academic community.

In close co-operation with external data providers, International Association of Universities (IAU) and Academic Cooperation Association (ACA), and a technical partner, Sequence Design International, ASEF, through the DEEP portal, provided comprehensive information on scholarships and exchange programmes from 7,000 universities in 38 ASEM countries; official agencies assisting foreign students; and short descriptions of Asian and European education systems, entry requirements and credit recognition procedures. The portal was launched at the 10th Anniversary of ASEF in 2007. It received recognition and positive feedback from ASEF’s partners – from both the ASEM governments and civil society stakeholders.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Executive Summary

9

The expansion of the ASEM process from 38 to 43 partner countries in 2008 brought about challenges in the update and maintenance of the DEEP Portal. Due to resource constraints and technical challenges, data collection and migration as well as the planned website enhancements were not completed. In 2009, ASEF decided to review the DEEP project in its efforts to identify a strategy for its long-term sustainability.

This document presents the history of DEEP together with the results of the evaluation period from the middle of 2009 to December 2011. It also offers possible scenarios for the Portal which may aid decision-makers and/or potential partners as they consider the future prospects for DEEP.

ASEM EDUCATION HUBFebruary 2012

1 The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was initiated in 1996 when the ASEM leaders met in Bangkok, Thailand. ASEM is an informal trans-regional platform for dialogue and co-operation between the two regions and has arisen out of a mutual recognition that the re-lationship between Asia and Europe needed to be strengthened in light of the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. It now brings together 46 member states (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Czech Re-public, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mon-golia, Myanmar, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Por-tugal, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom, Vietnam) plus the European Commission and the ASEAN Secretariat. www.aseminfoboard.orgASEM I, Chair’s Statement, Bangkok, 1996 (Annex 1).ASEM II, Chair’s Statement, London, 1998 (Annex 2).

2 3

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CHAPTER 1

11

WHAT IS DEEP?

The Database on Education Exchange Programmes (DEEP) is a comprehensive online portal which seeks to promote better awareness of study opportunities among students and encourage mobility within the academic community in ASEM countries.

ASEF was established in February 1997 by the ASEM leaders to promote the human dimension of the ASEM process, i.e. links among think tanks, research groups, universities and all sectors of society in ASEM countries. ASEF is the primary vehicle to promote greater mutual understanding between Asia and Europe through intellectual, cultural and people-to-people exchanges. It was in this context that enhancing contacts and exchanges in the field of educa-tion between Asia and Europe was identified as one of the key priorities for the ASEM dialogue process. This was also underlined in several Asia-Europe Summits and meetings since 1996, summarised as follows:

DEEP is designed to serve the following target groups: students at the un-dergraduate, postgraduate and PhD levels; university faculties; institutions of higher education; and policy-makers in the higher education sector. It enables users to:

• search for scholarships and exchange programmes in 7,000 universities in 38 ASEM countries; • access information on official agencies assisting foreign students; • obtain data on Asian and European education systems, entry requirements and credit recognition procedures; and • exchange and share study experiences in Asia and Europe.

DEEP was designed, coordinated and managed by ASEF.

About DEEP

A Brief History

12

Milestones

ASEM I (Bangkok, 1996)

“The meeting emphasised that these new links between Asia and Europe…could be further reinforced through promoting cultural, artistic, educational activities and exchanges involving particularly youth and students…” (see Annex 1)

“Leaders endorsed new initiatives… establishment of ASEM education hubs to encourage more academic exchanges between students of Asian and European universities…”(see Annex 2)

The participants agreed to launch an online mechanism to facilitate student exchanges between Asia and Europe through the ASEM Education Hub (AEH)(see Annex 3)

“Leaders endorsed an ASEM Seminar on Educational Exchange aimed at collecting and disseminating information on ASEM-wide exchange schemes…” (see Annex 5)

“Leaders recognized the crucial importance of education and agreed that a key priority should be to enhance the contacts and exchanges in this field, including student and academic exchanges, inter-university cooperation and the facilitation of electronic networking between schools in the two regions…”

“They also recognized the potential for the ASEM Education Hubs (AEH)… and other related activities in expanding educational cooperation, promoting greater cross-cultural contacts and fostering mutual understanding between Asia and Europe…”(see Annex 4)

ASEM II (London, 1998)

Meeting on the Formation of the Europe-Asia Education and Research Network (Fontainebleau, 1999)

ASEM III (Seoul, 2000)

ASEM IV (Copenhagen, 2002)

Highlights

What Is DEEP?

13

A year following the ASEM leaders’ endorsement, the 2nd General Meeting on the ASEM Education Hub (Singapore, 2-5 November 2003) and the ASEM Symposium on Educational Exchange (Tsukuba, Japan, 17-18 November 2003) were convened. The participants of both meetings agreed that an information sharing mechanism, or a database that could serve as a “one-stop shop” would be an essential tool for increasing educational exchanges between Asia and Europe. Thus, the Database on Educational Exchange Programmes4 (DEEP) was born.

Through the contribution of the Government of Japan, an amount of USD143,862 was earmarked for the development of DEEP. ASEF was requested to implement the initiative.

Figure 2. DEEP Homepage

4 The official name of DEEP when it was created. It was officially changed to Database on Education Exchange Programmes when it was launched in 2007.

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CHAPTER 2

15

Following the conclusions of the 2nd General Meeting of the ASEM Education Hub (Singapore) and the ASEM Symposium on Educational Exchange in Tsukuba (Japan), ASEF was tasked “to take charge of the creation of a comprehensive database on educational exchange”.

The aforementioned proposal was implemented upon the approval of ASEF’s Board of Governors (BOG).

To collect data for DEEP, ASEF contracted two external providers. The International Association of Universities (IAU) delivered information on higher education institutions extracted from its World Higher Education Database (WHED)5 while the Academic Cooperation Association (ACA) was responsible for the data on scholarships and exchange programmes6. Sequence Design International, ASEF’s technical partner for DEEP, designed the website, built its navigation structure and migrated the data collected into the portal.

DEEP Phase I (2003-2007)

DEEP Phase I made available the following:

• A list of 7,000 universities (and their fields of studies) from 38 ASEM countries • Scholarships and exchange programmes available • Official agencies assisting foreign students • Descriptions of Asian and European education systems, entry requirements and credit recognition procedures • Testimonies from students in Asia and Europe

In April 2007, DEEP was officially launched on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of ASEF.

DEEP FROM 2003 TO PRESENT

5 http://www.whed-online.com/ 6 ACA gathered data by contacting scholarship providers by emails, phone calls and MS word questionnaires.

16

Figure 2. DEEP Postcard and Brochure

DEEP Phase II (2008-early 2009)

ASEF succeeded in collecting the updates for the 38 countries (out of the 43 ASEM countries by 2008) covered by Phase I. However, this dataset was not migrated into the portal since ASEF’s technical partner, Sequence Design International, withdrew from the project7 in January 2009.

For Phase II, ASEF also completed the portal’s Communication Plan. Part of which was the development of a Communication Kit (see Figure 2). Each consists of a postcard, post-it, lanyard and the DEEP brochure. The kits were disseminated for the first time at the 1st Asia-Europe Meeting of Ministers for Education (ASEMME1, Berlin, May 2008).

7 Sequence Design International closed down their business in Singapore in 2009.8 India, Pakistan, Mongolia, Romania and Bulgaria officially joined the ASEM process in 2008.

DEEP From 2003 To Present

ASEF was not able to complete the Phase II of the project. Several activities such as the (1) collection of data from five additional ASEM countries8; (2) data migration; and (3) website enhancement could not be carried out.

Presently, the data on DEEP’s website are those gathered from Phase I (2005-2006).

17

Figure 3. Number of visitors to DEEP website (Source: ASEF Web Statistics)

In view of the challenges faced in the implementation of DEEP’s Phase II, ASEF resolved to evaluate the project in the middle of 2009. The purpose of the said evaluation was to identify options for the sustainable maintenance and development of DEEP.

DEEP was launched in April 2007. By December of the same year, the number of visitors reached 8,755. The website enjoyed a peak in 2008 when ASEF invested in communication activities such as the development of the DEEP Communication Kit and the promotion of DEEP at the ASEMME1.

In 2009 and 2010, the website experienced a decline in the number of visitors which could be attributed to the maintenance announcement on the portal in September 2009. The graph below illustrates the number of visitors from 2007 to December 2010. For the details of the monthly visitors, please see Annex 6.

ASEF conducted desk research and online exchanges (via emails and tele- conferences). Furthermore, ASEF initiated discussions and meetings with potential partners, which included:

• StudyPortals (since 2009 to February 2010); • UNESCO Paris and Bangkok (December 2009); • ASEM Education Secretariat (November 2009 and April 2010); and • MENON Network (June 2010).

The profile of each partner and details of the discussions are presented in Chapter 4.

Evaluation Phase (middle of 2009-December 2011)

An Overview of Statistics

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

02007 2008 2009 2010

Years

Number of visitors

18

Financial and human resource constraints. ASEF was able to launch DEEP in 2007 with the Government of Japan’s contribution of USD143,862 (see Annex 7). From 2007 to 2009, the portal was financed by the Government of Luxembourg and the French Trust Fund (FTF) in the amounts of SGD74,215 and SGD100,000, respectively. With its limited financial resources, ASEF faced serious challenges in providing stable funding for the continuity of DEEP.

The management of a database requires substantial human resources. For example, in 2009, to manage the UNESCO Portal to Recognized Higher Education Institutions9, UNESCO Paris had a team composed of two core Project Officers; one in charge of the content management and the other, in charge of technical requirements. The team was also assisted by Project Officers at the UNESCO Regional and Country Offices. A Chicago-based IT company was also contracted for web-design and technical support.

In the case of DEEP, a Project Officer was recruited to manage the portal in January 2008. However, due to the developments within ASEF, specifically at the People-to-People Exchange Department, the Project Officer was also assigned to manage other projects.

Complex data collection. DEEP was designed to provide comprehensive information on study opportunities10 for students and researchers within the ASEM academic community. By definition, it covers a large geographical area. In addition, the information on the portal is organised into several categories: scholarship database; courses; countries profiles, and so on.

IAU provided the data on courses and country profiles extracted from the WHED database. However, due to differences in technical structure and data categories, the data delivered by IAU had to be adjusted and reformatted to suit the DEEP database (see Annex 8).

The scholarship data found in DEEP was provided by ACA. Scholarship providers were contacted via emails, official letters and follow-up calls. They were asked to provide information on the programmes by filling in questionnaires. The data was then compiled, organised and submitted to ASEF (further details on data collection is on Annex 9).

Due to the extensive content of DEEP, the whole process of collecting, collating and migrating the data was time consuming and tedious. By the time they were made available online, some of the data were ready for another update.

Practical Challenges

DEEP From 2003 To Present

9 UNESCO Portal to Recognized Higher Education Institutions. http://www.unesco.org/ new/en/education/resources/unesco-portal-to-recognized-higher-education-institutions.10 Other similar portals only provide scholarship data or related links to universities or government educational agencies.

19

Withdrawal of technical partner. Sequence Design International was contracted in 2006 to design the DEEP website and migrate the data delivered by ACA and IAU to the portal. In early 2009, Sequence Design closed down their business in Singapore and eventually, withdrew from the project. ASEF attempted to find a new technical partner. However, the financial requirements that came out of the initial discussions exceeded the budget allocated to DEEP at that time. ASEF, therefore, did not proceed with the negotiations and decided to pursue the evaluation of the project.

Consequently, the data collected during the Phase II (2008-2009) could not be migrated into DEEP.

Absence of an overall long-term strategy for DEEP. DEEP was conceived as a tool to promote and facilitate educational exchanges and academic co-operation within ASEM – a need that was identified by the stakeholders in various fora. Despite the inherent merit and the recognition it received for the comprehensive information it offers, the future of DEEP is debilitated by an absence of an overall long-term strategy. The resources required to maintain and update the portal were not factored in at the preliminary stage of the project’s conceptualisation. This has led to enormous challenges for the continuation of DEEP.

Expansion of ASEM (2008, 2010). In DEEP Phase I, there were only 38 ASEM member countries. By the time DEEP Phase II was implemented, ASEM membership increased up to 43 countries11. The process now includes a total of 46 countries12 after the latest expansion of ASEM in 2010.

As mentioned previously, ASEF could not collect data from the five additional ASEM member countries for Phase II (2007-2009). Hence, the financial plan to maintain DEEP needs to factor in the cost of ASEM’s expanding membership, which brings about challenges in collecting and updating the data for DEEP.

Upon conclusion of the DEEP’s evaluation report, its results were presented at the 27th session of the ASEF BOG Meeting in December 2011. ASEF has decided to officially launch the process of transferring the portal to potential partners.

Institutional Challenges

DEEP at the 27th session of the ASEF Board of Governors’ (BOG) Meeting

11 India, Pakistan, Mongolia, Romania and Bulgaria officially joined the ASEM process in 2008.12 During the ASEM VIII Summit held in Brussels (October 2010), three new members joined the ASEM process: Australia, New Zealand and Russia.

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CHAPTER 3

21

HOW TO CONTINUE DEEP?In drawing out the options for the continuation of DEEP, the following considerations were examined:

• Autonomous URL: currently, DEEP has an autonomous URL (http://deep.asef.org); • Content: the portal consists of three datasets-scholarships, courses and country profiles; and • Update methodology.

This scenario will keep an autonomous URL and retain the whole dataset of scholarships, country profiles and courses which will be updated on a two-year basis. Data will be acquired from external providers.

SCENARIO 1: DEEP AS IT IS (Status Quo)

Human resources. The implementation of this option will involve a number of major tasks such as: (1) collection and collation of data by external providers; (2) migration of data collected into the database; (3) design and implementation of communication/promotion plans; (4) update, upgrade and maintenance of the website; and (5) management of enquiries. Hence, this option will require a minimum of two full-time project staff and one intern.

One staff would be in charge of coordinating with external partners, such as data providers and the technical partner, as well as implementing the DEEP communication strategy. The other staff will be responsible for the technical aspects of the portal (data migration, website update/upgrade and other technical supports). An intern will handle DEEP queries and assist with the administrative matters.

The DEEP database was originally conceptualised to be updated every two years. Depending on the update frequency desired, the human resources requirements may vary.

Financial implication. This scenario will require an investment of about SGD531,804 (see Table 5 on pages 35 to 36 for the details of the budget)13.

Prerequisites:

13 The estimations were based on the contracts and quotations from external providers/ partners from 2006-2008 as well as current estimates (2011).

22

Items

Data collection and update

Technical maintenance and support (data migration, maintenance, website structure and design)

Communication and visibility

Steering Committee Meeting

Human resources

Organisational costs

Total Cost

10% Contingency

Total cost with 10% contingency

Costs (SGD)

165,879 96,106

60,069 34,802

69,890

12,620

150,000 86,906

25,000

483,458

48,346

531,804

40,492

7,312

14,484

280,103

28,010

308,113

Costs (€)

How To Continue DEEP?

Table 1. Budget Estimation for Scenario 1

Exchange Rate

SGD 1.726 = EUR 1.00

SGD 1.190 = USD 1.00

23

This scenario will maintain the autonomous URL and the scholarship database but will provide only the links to courses and country profiles. An added feature is the automatic online update system, to be set up by external providers during the first year of implementation of this option.

SCENARIO 2: ABRIDGED DEEP

Human resources. The implementation of this scenario will involve the same tasks outlined in Scenario 1, except that the following will be added: (1) creation of a new automatic online updating system; (2) collection, migration and monitoring of relevant links to courses and country profiles instead of the full datasets; and (3) restructuring of the DEEP website based on the abridged version of the portal. Similar to Scenario 1, the implementation of Scenario 2 will require a minimum of two full-time project staff and one intern.

Financial implication. Option A (automatic online update system: XML data feed)14 will require around SGD494,629 for the first year and SGD488,359 for the second year and succeeding years while Option B (automatic online update system: iFrame)15 will entail investing SGD504,529 for the first year and SGD489,019 for the years thereafter (see Tables 6 & 7 on pages 37 to 38 for the details of the budget).

Prerequisites:

14 Please refer to Annex 11.15 Ibid

24


Technical maintenance and support (data migration, maintenance, website structure and design, and the automatic online up-date system: XML data feed)



Human resources


Total Cost

10% contingency


Year One

111,084

81,069

69,890

12,620

150,000

25,000

449,663

44,966

494,629

111,084

75,369

69,890

12,620

150,000

25,000

443,963

44,396

488,359

Costs (SGD)Costs (SGD) Costs (€)Costs (€)

64,359

46,969

40,492

7,312

86,906

14,484

260,523

26,052

286,575

64,359

43,667

40,492

7,312

86,906

14,484

257,221

25,722

282,943

Year Two andSucceeding years

How To Continue DEEP?

Table 2. Budget Estimation for Scenario 2: Option A

Exchange Rate

SGD 1.726 = EUR 1.00

SGD 1.190 = USD 1.00

Items

25


Technical maintenance and support (data migration, maintenance, website structure and design, and the automatic online up-date system: iFrame)



Human resources


Total Cost

10% Contingency


Year One

111,084

90,069

69,890

12,620

150,000

25,000

458,663

45,866

504,529

111,084

75,969

69,890

12,620

150,000

25,000

444,563

44,456

489,019

Costs (SGD)Costs (SGD) Costs (€)Costs (€)

64,359

52,184

40,492

7,312

86,906

14,484

265,738

26,574

292,311

64,359

44,014

40,492

7,312

86,906

14,484

257,568

25,757

283,325

Year Two andSucceeding years

Table 3. Budget Estimation for Scenario 2: Option B

Items

26

CHAPTER 4

27

In the middle of August 2009, StudyPortals was considered by ASEF as a potential partner for DEEP. StudyPortals16 runs “MastersPortal.eu”, an online database that provides a comprehensive overview of Masters’ programmes in Europe. Currently, it lists over 12,500 courses offered by 500 universities in 35 European countries. With the support of the European Commission, Study-Portals created “ScholarshipPortal.eu” – an online database listing scholarship programmes offered by providers in the EU27 and EFTA17 countries with ACA as an advisor. ASEF received two proposals from StudyPortals – one in November 2009 and the other in February 2010 (see Annex 11). The succeeding analysis was based on the latter.

Dataset. DEEP will benefit from the European scholarship database on StudyPortals which has been regularly updated. However, StudyPortals does not provide data on courses and country profiles, which DEEP does. This would result in one of two scenarios: (1) removing information on courses and country profiles and restructuring the website, which would incur additional costs; or (2) keeping the current structure, which would require obtaining data on courses and country profiles from other sources.

Collection of data from Asian institutions. Since StudyPortals does not have access to Asian institutions, either scenario mentioned above would translate to searching for partner/s or external providers to get the data on Asian scholarships18, courses and country profiles. To collect data, the partner/provider must approach each Asian institution on an individual basis. This task will require expending a considerable amount of resources. In addition, the response will largely depend on the willingness of each institution to co-operate.

In its bid to identify alternative solutions for the continuation of DEEP, ASEF organised exploratory meetings with several institutions since the middle of 2009. This chapter will expound on the results of the discussions with potential partners.

STUDYPORTALS (http://www.studyportals.eu/)

WHO ARE THE POTENTIAL PARTNERS?

16 The old name is MastersPortal.17 European Foreign Trade Agreements (EFTA)18 It should be noted that there are no major scholarship providers in Asia such as DAAD, NUFFIC, etc.

28

To address the tedious task of updating the database, StudyPortals proposed to set up an automatic online update system where scholarship providers can directly update/delete/insert data. StudyPortals will follow up based on the agreed update frequency. However, the aforementioned tool does not factor in or capture new institutions that enter the ASEM higher education landscape on a rolling basis.

In early September 2009, ASEF approached UNESCO Offices in Paris and Bangkok to explore potential co-operation between the UNESCO and DEEP portals. ASEF was then invited to participate in the Regional Meeting on UNESCO Portal on Higher Education Institutions19 in Bangkok, Thailand (December 2009). The meeting was aimed at introducing the UNESCO Portal to countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In Bangkok, ASEF took the opportunity to present DEEP to UNESCO and other participating institutions of higher education. A bilateral meeting between UNESCO and ASEF was also conducted on the sidelines of the event.

UNESCO (www.unesco.org)

The following analysis provides an overview of the features of each portal and illustrates the specific information they offer for the users. It was based on ASEF’s discussions with UNESCO Paris and Bangkok.

Who Are The Potential Partners?

19 The new name of the initiative is UNESCO Portal to Recognized Higher Education Institutions.

Figure 4. UNESCO Portal

29

Geographical coverage

Content

The DEEP Portal aims to provide information about scholarships, courses and country profiles in all ASEM countries20. Currently, DEEP features 38 countries (13 Asian countries21, 25 European countries22)

• Scholarships and exchange programmes in 7,000 universities in ASEM countries• Official agencies assisting foreign students• Asian and European education systems, entry requirements and credit recognition procedures• Testimonies of study experiences in Asia and Europe

The UNESCO Portal aims to cover the global higher education system. Currently, it features 27 countries23, which includes 11 ASEM* countries

• Institutions recognised by competent authorities• Higher education programmes recognised by competent authorities • Information for students planning to study in the country • Information on higher education system• Information on foreign credential assessment and recognition• Information on financial assistance opportunities• Cross-border higher education• National Information Centre • Other information sources• Definitions of key terms

DEEP Portal UNESCO Portal

20 As of 2010, the ASEM process includes 46 countries.21 Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South-Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.22 Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Demark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the EU.23 Argentina, Armenia, Australia*, Belarus, Belgium*, Canada, China*, Croatia, Cyprus*, Egypt, Jamaica, Japan*, Kenya, Latvia*, Liechtenstein, Lithuania*, Malaysia*, Namibia, New Zealand*, Nigeria, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Thailand*, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom* and the United States of America.

Specificity

Method of Data collection and update

Human resource

Quality Control

External providers (IAU, ACA and Sequence Design)

One Project Officer (part-time)

ASEF has full control of the data/ content in the website

Links

Through a network of National Information Centres (NICs) and National Focal Contacts (NFCs)

One Project Coordinator, one Technical Officer and a contracted Web-development Consultant and field office staff

UNESCO ensures that the links are functional. It is the NICs that monitor the content

Data/Concrete information

Table 4. A Comparative analysis of DEEP and UNESCO portals

30

Data sharing. The possibility of data sharing was discussed but this option does not look promising as there is a fundamental difference in the data structures of the two portals. While DEEP provides concrete data, the UNESCO Portal provides links (for the details, see Table 3). Moreover, the data on DEEP has not been updated since 2006.

Financial contribution. UNESCO inquired whether ASEF could fund the capacity training activities for their National Information Centres (NICs). In return, UNESCO would share its network of NICs and National Focal Points (NFPs), which could serve as reliable contacts for the update of DEEP.

Given the fact that UNESCO Portal is still in its early stages, UNESCO was unable to provide concrete feedback on the potential partnership with DEEP. It is suggested that ASEF remains in contact with UNESCO for further developments.

AES was established in 2009 following the conclusions of the ASEMME2, (Hanoi, May 2009). Its role is to coordinate ASEM educational activities, help with preparations for ASEM ministerial meetings, and facilitate the implementation of output-oriented initiatives that contribute to educational policy development and practices. The AES is hosted on a rotating basis by a European or an Asian country. From 2009 to 2013, it operates under the auspices of the DAAD.

At a bilateral meeting between AES and AEH which took place in Bonn, Germany in November 2009, AES shared their plan to establish an EU-Asia Portal providing information on opportunities for jobs and further education in ASEM. AES envisions the expansion of DEEP into a hub that promotes education and employment exchanges between Asia and Europe.

Further discussions on the future of DEEP took place on the sidelines of the ASEM Seminar on Credits and Learning Outcomes held in April 2010 in Berlin, Germany. AES conveyed its support to DEEP based on the strategies that will be identified after its evaluation and expressed willingness to assist ASEF in seeking the support of the ASEM Ministers of Education. Furthermore, AES suggested that ASEF looks into the possibility of submitting a proposal under the Erasmus Mundus programme to support the DEEP Portal’s continuation and further development.

ASEM EDUCATION SECRETARIAT (AES) (http://www.asem-education-secretariat.org)

Who Are The Potential Partners?

31

Established in 1999, MENON is a European research and innovation network, which aims to foster and smoothen innovation processes in areas such as education and lifelong learning, international S&T co-operation, knowledge society, social inclusion by engaging stakeholders in dialogue processes at different levels, and by offering evidence-based recommendations for policy and practice, at local, national, EU and international level.

MENON Network was introduced to ASEF through the ACCESS Project (Academic Cooperation Europe-South East Asia Support), of which ASEF is an Advisory Board member.

ACCESS (2009-2010) aimed at strengthening co-operation between higher education institutions from Europe and South East Asia (EU-SEA). The project, supported by the EramusMundus Programme of the European Commission (EC), attempted to explore the perceptions and expectations of SEA higher education stakeholders towards the European higher education system; promote meaningful higher education partnership schemes; and support the dialogue process around the common EU-SEA higher education area.

At the end of the project in 2010, ACCESS White Paper acknowledged DEEP as “an important cooperation platform for securing (almost) exhaustive flow and exchange of information on higher education initiatives between the two regions, which is already working and proved useful” (see Annex 12). ASEF saw the possibility to seek support from the European Commission (EC) through ACCESS’ endorsement of DEEP. This was discussed by ASEF with MENON Network on the sidelines of the 2nd ACCESS Dialogue Event “Mobility as an Instrument for Integration: Sharing Experience and New Ideas” (Manila, Philippines, June 2010).

Since the establishment of ACCESS, MENON Network has actively promoted DEEP as an instrument to enhance academic mobility in Asia and Europe and expressed a strong interest in supporting DEEP. Similar to AES, MENON suggested that ASEF should look into the possibility of applying for an Erasmus Mundus (EM) grant. The Network was also open to further explore co-operation with ASEF, once the direction for DEEP has been decided.

MENON NETWORK (www.menon.org)

32

CHAPTER 5

33

CONCLUSION

Since its launch in April 2007, DEEP has received numerous recognition from the ASEM higher education community (students, researchers, university heads, ASEM government leaders and representatives of higher education networks), commending the portal’s importance in promoting education exchange and academic mobility in ASEM countries. To date, the DEEP Portal is the most comprehensive online database on study opportunities in Asia and Europe.

At the Plenary Session of the ASEMME1 in Berlin (May 2008), ASEF Executive Director Ambassador Won-il Choo presented ASEF’s activities in the field of education to the ministers. DEEP was highlighted as a flagship project “to promote academic mobility, a fundamental aspect of internationalisation and that DEEP quickly assumed its role as a landmark in the field of education exchanges between the two continents” (see Annex 13). An exhibition staged on 5-6 May 2008 was well received by the ASEMME1 ministerial delegations.

In 2009, ASEF attended the Regional Meeting on UNESCO Portal on Higher Education Institutions in Bangkok and gave a presentation on ASEF and the DEEP Portal. The presentation triggered much interest from the participants. UNESCO expressed their appreciation and acknowledged that the portal is very comprehensive and particularly useful for students who are looking for study opportunities in Asia and Europe.

Further acknowledgement was received by DEEP through the Academic Co-operation Europe-Southeast Asia Support (ACCESS, 2009-2010). The White Paper which has resulted from ACCESS proposed “reinforcing existing co-operation platforms for securing (almost) exhaustive flow and exchange of information on higher education initiatives between the two regions, including the DEEP database for students which is already working and proved useful” (see Annex 12) .

Within the framework of the ASEMME3 (Copenhagen, May 2011), ASEF pre-sented DEEP at the Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM, see Annex 14 for the DEEP Briefing Note and PowerPoint Presentation) aimed at updating ASEM governments with the status of the project as well as the proposals for DEEP’s continuation.24

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BY THE ASEM COMMUNITY

24 The budget estimates presented in May 2011 were updated. Please refer to the new figures in Annex 10.

34

At the close of the Copenhagen Meeting, the ASEM Ministers adopted The Conclusions by the Chair, which laid out priority agenda and measures on the lead up to the next meeting in 201325. The said conclusions included a resolve to “improve the level of information on educational opportunities in Asia and Europe and invited ASEM members to support ASEF in its efforts to update and maintain the DEEP database” (see Annex 15). In addition, ASEF has been invited by the ASEM Education Secretariat and the Commission on Higher Education of Thailand to present DEEP at the International Asia-Europe Conference on Enhancing Balanced Mobility scheduled in March 2012.

Throughout the implementation of DEEP (from 2003 to 2009), ASEF encountered considerable challenges from both the institutional and practical fronts. The said experience resulted in the realisation that the management of the DEEP Portal is not viable unless a long-term vision is in place. The presentation of the scenarios elaborated in Chapter 3 is an attempt to map a possible path for DEEP’s continuity. It must be emphasised, however, that interested parties or institutions should consider “long-term vision and strategy” as a prerequisite for the effective and sustainable management of the portal.

The significance of DEEP to the ASEM community is widely agreed. Both ASEM governments and civil society stakeholders have manifested support to the portal. It is now important to translate this support into concrete commitments.

A STRATEGY FOR THE DEEP’S LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY

Conclusion

25ASEMME4 will be hosted by the Government of Malaysia in 2013.

35

Data collection

TOTAL Section 1 (based on 2008 quotes and other reference documents)

TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2006-2008 quotes and other reference documents)

TOTAL Section 1 (based on 2011 quotes and other reference documents) w/ 20% increase in cost and inflation


Technical maintenance and support


scholarships and exchange programmes (estimate only for 43 countries included in DEEP Phase I)

data migration (per portal update)maintenance fees (per year)website structure and design

promotional materials (flyers, brochures, etc.)participation (education fairs and HE events)

economy airfare

economy airfare

registration fees

registration fees

accommodation (hotels and meals)


SGD 500 X 5 events

SGD 850 X 5 events

SGD 350 X X2 pax 15 days


SGD 600 X X2 pax 5 flights

SGD X X2,000 2 pax 5 flights

5 events in Asia

5 events in Europe

identification surveyvalidation survey

description survey

technical aspects (access template, continuous insertion)additional 3 ASEM countries (ASEM enlargement in 2010)

university courses and country profiles (estimate only for 38 countries included in DEEP Phase I)

data collectiontechnical aspects (extraction)additional 8 ASEM countries (ASEM enlargement in 2008 and 2010)

DATABASE ON EDUCATION EXCHANGE PROGRAMMES (DEEP)

PROPOSAL 1: Budget estimates as of November 2011

60,069

69,890

1

2

3

1.1

2.12.22.3

3.13.2

1.1.21.1.1

1.1.3

1.1.41.1.5

1.2

1.2.11.2.21.2.3

34,812

40,504

6,000 3,477 5,042

11,640 6,746 9,782

2,500 1,449 2,101

10,500 6,085 8,824

20,000 11,591 16,807

4,250 2,463 3,571

15,000 8,693 12,605

138,233 80,112 116,162

165,879 96,134 139,394

50,057 29,010 42,065

50,478

58,731

Financial Breakdown SGD EUR USD ANNEX 10: References

TOTAL Section 3

21,000 12,170 17,647 Reference 1

30,000 17,386 25,210 Reference 1

12,000 6,955 10,084 Reference 1

22,650 13,127 19,034 Reference 3

12,000 6,955 10,084 Reference 4

2,350 1,362 1,975 Reference 1

3,020 1,750 2,538 Reference 3

2,057 1,192 1,729 Reference 4

15,000 8,693 12,605 Reference 2

32,213 18,669 27,070 Reference 2

36,000 20,864 30,252 Reference 5

Reference 6

36

Steering Committee Meeting (Singapore)

Human resources

Organisational Costs

OVERALL BUDGET WITH 5% CONTINGENCY

Exchange Rate

TOTAL PROJECT COST (Sections 1-6)

economy airfare (partner from Asia)

project officers

10% Contingency

intern

economy airfare (partner from Europe)economy airfare (technical partner)meeting meals (lunch and morning/afternoon tea)

dinnersmiscellaneous

SGD 1.726 = EUR 1.00

SGD 1.190 = USD 1.00

(Reference 1) 2008 Partnership Agreement with ACA

(Reference 2) 21st BOG Proposal Budget 2008

(Reference 3) 2008 Partnership Agreement with IAU

(Reference 4) 2008 Sequence Design Contract

(Reference 5) 2006 Sequence Design Contract

(Reference 6) 2008 quote from FurryFish with 20% increase in cost and inflation

4

5

6

4.1

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.5

5.15.2

1,200 695 1,008

4,000 2,318 3,361

4,000 2,318 3,361

1,120 649 941

800 464 672

1,500 869 1,261

48,346 28,018 40,627

120,000 69,545 100,840

30,000 17,386 25,210

25,000 14,489 21,008SGD 25,000

TOTAL Section 4

TOTAL Section 5

TOTAL Section 6

150,000 86,931 126,050

25,000 14,489 21,008

483,458 280,184 406,267

531,804 308,203 446,894

12,620 7,314 10,605

ANNEX 10

Conclusion

Table 5. Detailed Budget Estimates for Scenario 1

SGD 600 X 2 pax

SGD 2,000 X 2 pax

SGD 2,000 X 2 pax

SGD 1,500

SGD 50 X X8 pax 2 dinners


SGD 5,000 X X2 pax 12 months


37


PROPOSAL 2 (Year One): Budget estimates as of November 2011

Data collection


TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2006-2008 quotes and other reference documents) Option A


TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2011 quotes and other reference documents) w/ 20% increase in cost and inflation (Option A)

TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2006-2008 quotes and other reference documents) Option B

TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2011 quotes and other reference documents) w/ 20% increase in cost and inflation (Option B)



data migration (per portal update)maintenance fees (per year)website structure and designAutomatic online update system (XML data feed)

- set-up of the system (including the development and maintenance; updating scholarships; and web development)


Option A: XML data feed

Option B: iFrame


description survey


links to university courses and country profiles (estimate only for 38 countries included in DEEP Phase I)data collection

technical aspects (extraction)additional 8 ASEM countries (ASEM enlargement in 2008 and 2010)

1

2

1.1

2.12.22.32.4

1.1.21.1.1

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.1.5

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.21.2.3

17,500 10,142 14,706

25,000 14,489 21,008

92,570 53,648 77,790

111,084 64,378 93,348

67,557 39,152 56,771

75,057 43,499 63,073

81,069 46,983 68,125

90,069 52,199 75,688

21,000 12,170 17,647 Reference 1

30,000 17,386 25,210 Reference 1

12,000 6,955 10,084 Reference 1

7,600 4,405 6,387 ASEF’s estimates

1,600 927 1,345 ASEF’s estimates

12,000 6,955 10,084 Reference 4

2,350 1,362 1,975 Reference 1

3,020 1,750 2,538 Reference 3

2,057 1,192 1,729 Reference 4

15,000 8,693 12,605 Reference 2

36,000 20,864 30,252 Reference 5


38

10% Contingency (Option A)10% Contingency (Option B)

44,966 26,060 37,787

45,866 26,581 38,543

TOTAL PROJECT COST Option A (Sections 1-6)

TOTAL PROJECT COST Option B (Sections 1-6)

TOTAL Section 6 25,000 14,489 21,008

449,663 260,598 377,868

458,663 265,814 385,431

OVERALL BUDGET FOR OPTION A WITH 5% CONTINGENCY (Year One) 494,629 286,658 415,654

OVERALL BUDGET FOR OPTION B WITH 5% CONTINGENCY (Year One) 504,529 292,396 423,974

Conclusion

Exchange Rate

SGD 1.726 = EUR 1.00

SGD 1.190 = USD 1.00

refer to page 36

ANNEX 10

Table 6. Detailed Budget Estimates for Scenario 2 (Year One)

Communication and visibilitypromotional materials (flyers, brochures, etc.)participation (education fairs and HE events)

economy airfare

economy airfare

registration fees

registration fees



SGD 500 X 5 events

SGD 850 X 5 events





5 events in Asia

5 events in Europe

69,890

33.13.2

40,504

6,000 3,477 5,042

11,640 6,746 9,782

2,500 1,449 2,101

10,500 6,085 8,824

20,000 11,591 16,807

4,250 2,463 3,571

15,000 8,693 12,605

58,731TOTAL Section 3

Reference 6


Human resources



project officers

intern



4

5

6

4.1

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.5

5.15.2

1,200 695 1,008

4,000 2,318 3,361

4,000 2,318 3,361

1,120 649 941

800 464 672

1,500 869 1,261

120,000 69,545 100,840

30,000 17,386 25,210

25,000 14,489 21,008SGD 25,000

TOTAL Section 4

TOTAL Section 5 150,000 86,931 126,050

12,620 7,314 10,605

SGD 600 X 2 pax

SGD 2,000 X 2 pax

SGD 2,000 X 2 pax

SGD 1,500





39


PROPOSAL 2 (Year Two and Succeeding years): Budget estimates as of November 2011

TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2006-2008 quotes and other reference documents) Option A

TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2011 quotes and other reference documents) w/ 20% increase in cost and inflation (Option A)

TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2006-2008 quotes and other reference documents) Option B

TOTAL Section 2 (based on 2011 quotes and other reference documents) w/ 20% increase in cost and inflation (Option B)

62,807 36,399 52,779

65,307 36,689 53,199

75,369 43,679 63,335

75,969 44,027 63,839

Data collection





data migration (per portal update)maintenance fees (per year)website structure and designAutomatic online update system (XML data feed)



Option A: XML data feed

Option B: iFrame


description survey


links to university courses and country profiles (estimate only for 38 countries included in DEEP Phase I)data collection

technical aspects (extraction)additional 8 ASEM countries (ASEM enlargement in 2008 and 2010)

1

2

1.1

2.12.22.32.4

1.1.21.1.1

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.1.5

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.21.2.3

12,750 7,389 10,714

13,250 7,679 1,134

92,570 53,648 77,790

111,084 64,378 93,348

21,000 12,170 17,647 Reference 1

30,000 17,386 25,210 Reference 1

12,000 6,955 10,084 Reference 1

7,600 4,405 6,387 ASEF’s estimates

1,600 927 1,345 ASEF’s estimates

12,000 6,955 10,084 Reference 4

2,350 1,362 1,975 Reference 1

3,020 1,750 2,538 Reference 3

2,057 1,192 1,729 Reference 4

15,000 8,693 12,605 Reference 2

36,000 20,864 30,252 Reference 5


40

Conclusion

Exchange Rate

SGD 1.726 = EUR 1.00

SGD 1.190 = USD 1.00

refer to page 36

ANNEX 10

Table 7. Detailed Budget Estimates for Scenario 2 (Year Two and Succeeding Years)

10% Contingency (Option A)10% Contingency (Option B)

44,396 25,730 37,308

44,456 25,764 37,358

TOTAL PROJECT COST Option A (Sections 1-6)

TOTAL PROJECT COST Option B (Sections 1-6)

TOTAL Section 6 25,000 14,489 21,008

443,963 257,295 373,078

444,563 257,643 373,582

OVERALL BUDGET FOR OPTION A WITH 5% CONTINGENCY (Year One) 488,359 283,025 410,386

OVERALL BUDGET FOR OPTION B WITH 5% CONTINGENCY (Year One) 489,019 283,407 410,940

Communication and visibilitypromotional materials (flyers, brochures, etc.)participation (education fairs and HE events)

economy airfare

economy airfare

registration fees

registration fees



SGD 500 X 5 events

SGD 850 X 5 events





5 events in Asia

5 events in Europe

69,890

33.13.2

40,504

6,000 3,477 5,042

11,640 6,746 9,782

2,500 1,449 2,101

10,500 6,085 8,824

20,000 11,591 16,807

4,250 2,463 3,571

15,000 8,693 12,605

58,731TOTAL Section 3

Reference 6


Human resources



project officers

intern



4

5

6

4.1

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.5

5.15.2

1,200 695 1,008

4,000 2,318 3,361

4,000 2,318 3,361

1,120 649 941

800 464 672

1,500 869 1,261

120,000 69,545 100,840

30,000 17,386 25,210

25,000 14,489 21,008SGD 25,000

TOTAL Section 4

TOTAL Section 5 150,000 86,931 126,050

12,620 7,314 10,605

SGD 600 X 2 pax

SGD 2,000 X 2 pax

SGD 2,000 X 2 pax

SGD 1,500





41

The Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) promotes greater mutual understanding between Asia and Europe through intellectual, cultural and people-to-people exchanges. Through ASEF, civil society concerns are included as a vital com-ponent of deliberations of the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM*). ASEF was estab-lished in February 1997 by the participating governments of ASEM and has since implemented over 500 projects, engaging over 15,000 direct partici-pants as well as reaching out to a much wider audience in Asia and Europe. www.asef.org

*ASEM now brings together 46 member states (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Ko-rea, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mongolia, Myanmar, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rus-sia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom, Vietnam) plus the European Commission and the ASEAN Secretariat. www.aseminfoboard.org

ABOUT THE ASIA-EUROPE FOUNDATION (ASEF)

About The Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) | About The ASEM Education HUB (AEH)

ABOUT THE ASEM EDUCATION HUB (AEH)

The ASEM Education Hub is a programme under the Asia-Europe Foundation that facilitates and promotes co-operation among higher education stakeholders in Asia and Europe. The current structure of the AEH was defined in 2006. ASEF called it the revitalised ASEM Education Hub (AEH) initiative, pursuing two overall objectives: providing support to multilateral higher education co-operation initiatives; and acting as a facilitator for higher education dialogue within ASEM countries through the creation of platforms for exchanges among relevant stakeholders. More information on the AEH is available at http://www.asef.org.

The ASEM RC, designed as a biennial leadership dialogue among heads of universities and higher learning institutions, is an important step towards establishing a sustainable dialogue platform between Asia and Europe on higher education issues, in view of enhancing education co-operation among ASEM countries. In more concrete terms, the high-level meeting seeks to:

ASEM Rectors’ Conference (ASEM RC)

• bring together university leaders and higher education experts from ASEM countries, providing a discussion platform for topical higher education policy issues between the two regions; • promote intensified co-operation between universities in Asia and Europe; and • develop recommendations for the further development of higher education co-operation and exchange, to be submitted to the competent ASEM national governments and regional bodies.

42

The Asia-Europe Education Workshops provide a venue for focused discussions on the changing context that affects or influences the education sector. It invites stakeholders from various sectors to address a specific education topic using a transversal approach.

Asia-Europe Education Workshops

The AEH Advisory Committee is composed of major higher education organisations and networks as well as individuals with proven interest, expertise and experience from ASEM countries. It is an observatory and guiding body for the initiatives of AEH.

The current members of the AEH Advisory Committee:

ASEM Education Hub Advisory Committee

Academic Cooperation Association – ACA

ASEM Education Secretariat – AES

ASEAN University Network – AUN

ASEAN-European University Network – Asea-Uninet

Asian Institute of Management – AIM

Association of Indian Universities – AIU

Association of South-East Asian Institutions of Higher Learning – ASAIHL

Association of Universities in the Asia-Pacific – AUAP

Baltic University Programme – BUP

Danish University of Education, Aarhus University

European University Association – EUA

German Rectors’ Conference – HRK

Institute for International & Intercultural Studies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona

Korean Council for University Education – KCUE

Kunming University of Science and Technology – KUST

Netherlands Organisation for International Cooperation in Higher Education (Nuffic Jakarta Office)

South-East Asian Association for Institutional Research Conference – SEAAIR

UNESCO Bangkok Office

Universiti Sains Malaysia – USM

Established in 2005, the ASEM Education and Research Hub for Lifelong Learning (ASEM LLL Hub) is a network of Asian and European universities engaged in comparative studies and joint researches on lifelong learning. They provide evidence-based policy recommendations for educational reforms in ASEM countries.

ASEM Education and Research Hub for Lifelong Learning (ASEM LLL Hub)

About The Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) | About The ASEM Education HUB (AEH)

Authors:

Editorial Assistant:

Cover Design and Lay-out:

Printed by:

Edwige Rozier, ASEFHelen Sophia Chua Balderama, ASEFDo Nhu Quynh, ASEF

Agnès Delmas, ASEF

Furryfish Pte Ltd

Furryfish Pte Ltd

Acknowledgements

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