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WHERE IT LIVESPolar bears live in the Arctic. They do not stay in one place. They travel across the snow and pack ice looking for food

1. Polar bears are strong swimmers; They can swim for several hours at a time over long distances.

2. A thick layer of blubber (fat), up to 11 cm (4.3 in.) thick, keeps the polar bear warm while swimming in cold water). 3. The hair of a polar bear easily shakes free of water and any ice that may form after swimming. 4. A polar bear's nostrils close when under water.

5.The polar bear is so strong it can kill an animal with one blow to the head.

                                                                                          

To retain heat, penguins may tuck in their flippers close to their bodies, this reduces the surface area available for heat loss.  They also may shiver to generate additional heat

1) A fat layer (blubber) improves insulation in cold water.2)Cold climate penguin species usually have longer feathers and thicker blubber.3) The dark colored feathers of a penguin's dorsal (back) surface absorb heat.

Overlapping densely packed feathers make a surface almost impenetrable to wind or water. Feathers provide waterproofing in water that is critical to penguins survival in water.

Penguins must remain active while in water to generate body heat.

Penguins excrete excess salt through glands located under EYES

Penguins living in the coldest regions have longer feathers and thicker body fat than

those living in warmer regions

The dark plumage of a penguin's dorsal surface absorbs heat from the sun, which increases body temperature.

 

Penguins warm up by turning their

dark colored backs to the sun.

Penguins that live in cold climates have feathers covering most of their bills to help

conserve body

One of the methods penguins use to conserve body heat is huddling

CARIBOU are members of the deer family. They move across the Arctic in large herds. Caribou eat moss, lichen and green plants.

                                                       

THE MUSK OXEN have thick overcoats of shaggy long straight hair that hang down to the ground. Their undercoats are thick brown fleece. Some of the coat is shed in the summer. They huddle together in groups for protection and to keep warm. When wolves attack, the musk oxen form a circle around the calves. The adults face outward and use their sharp horns for defence.

                                             

Tundra wolves live on the mainland. Arctic wolves live farther north on the islands. Tundra wolves are often brown or grey. Arctic wolves are usually smaller and white. Wolves on the mainland and Baffin Island hunt caribou. Arctic wolves hunt musk oxen and arctic hares. Wolves also eat fish, lemmings, birds, foxes and ground squirrels.

                                                    

THE ARCTIC FOX is hard to see in the snow. It has a thick white coat of fur for the winter. In the summer the coat is brownish-gray

THE ARCTIC HARE lives farther north than any other hare. They live among the rocks on hillsides where they can hide from foxes, wolves, owls and other enemies. Hares eat grasses, willows and other plants. Their favorite meal is the arctic willow. Hundreds of them gather together in herds, to stay warm,.