when is an object in motion, and how can you calculate speed?
TRANSCRIPT
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9-1: Describing Motion9-2: Speed & Velocity
When is an object in motion, and how can you calculate speed?
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Anticipatory Set
How do you know when an object is in motion?
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California StandardsScience Standard 8.1.a: Students know
position is defined in relation to some choice of a standard reference point and a set of reference directions.
Science Standard 8.1.b: Students know that average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed and that the speed of an object along the path traveled can vary.
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California StandardsScience Standard 8.1.c: Students know how to solve problems involving distance, time, and average speed.Science Standard 8.1.d: Students know the velocity of an object must be described by specifying both the direction and the speed of the object.
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Inputmotion: an object is in motion if its distance from
another object is changing.reference point: a place or object used for
comparison to determine if something is in motion.distance: the length of a path between two points.displacement: the length and direction that an
object has moved from it starting point.vector: a quantity that consists of both a magnitude
and a direction.
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Inputspeed: the distance an object travels per unit of
time.average speed: divide the total distance traveled
by the total time.instantaneous speed: the rate at which an object
is moving at a given instant in time.velocity: speed in a given direction.slope: steepness of a line on a graph.
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Input & ModelingRelative Motion
An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point.
Whether or not an object is in motion depends on the reference point you choose.
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Input & ModelingRelative Motion
Distance is the total length of the actual path between two points. Displacement is the length and direction of a straight line between starting and ending points.
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Input & ModelingDistance & Displacement
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Input & ModelingCalculating Speed
To calculate the speed of an object, divide the distance an object travels by the amount of time it takes to travel that distance
Speed = Distance
Time
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Input & ModelingCalculating Speed
If a distance runner runs 10 miles in one hour, what is her speed.
Speed = Distance
Time
Speed = 10 miles = 10 mph (miles per hour)
1 hour
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Input & ModelingCalculating Average Speed
To calculate average speed (v), divide the total distance traveled (d) by the total time (t).
Average Speed = Total Distance
Total Time
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Input & ModelingCalculating Average Speed
A cyclist travels 32 kilometers during the first 2 hours. Then he travels 13 kilometers during the next hour. What is his average speed?
Average Speed = Total Distance
Total Time
v= 32 km + 13 km = 45 km
2 h + 1 h = 3 h
v= 15 km/h
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Input & ModelingCalculating Velocity
Changes in velocity may be due to changes in speed, changes in direction, or both.Like displacement, velocity is a vector.It has magnitude and direction.
A jet airplane’s velocity could be described as 700 miles per hour to the east.
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Input & ModelingGraphing Speed
The slope of a distance-versus-time graph represents speed, that is, the rate that distance changes in relation to time.Time is shown on the horizontal, or x-axis.Distance, or position, is shown on the vertical, or y-
axis.A point on the line represents the distance an
object has traveled from the origin or a reference point at a particular time.
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Input & ModelingGraphing Motion
You can use distance-versus-time graphs to interpret motion.
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HOMEWORK CONNECTION Read pages 338-347 in your Science textbook.
Complete the Section 9-1/9-2 Review & Reinforce
Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes.
Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.