WHAT’S THAT HOUSE?Architectural Styles of Minnesota

Early Settlements 1700’s

Northern Minnesota• Trading Posts, • Grand Portage – the great carrying place

French Colonial

The Grand Portage Depot 1784 Vertical heavy timber logs with infill Steep roof, many with dormers Steps leading to a porch

• Henry Sibley House - 1836

Mendota - Meeting of WatersLocal limestone

Colonial – German/Georgian - Mendota Thick walls – sandstone Medium pitched roof Minimum overhang Paired chimneys Georgian after King George III

Colonial Styles

Emphasis on the front door

French – flared hipped roofs, dormers

German – half timbering Spanish

Dutch – gambrel roof

Georgian - brick with wood trim

FederalCape Cod

Style Begins in Minnesota

Greek Revival - Minneapolis• Ard Fodfrey House – 1849

• Symmetrical façade• Gable front roof• Heavy cornice, wide band trim• Plain frieze• Bold, simple moldings• Columns / pilasters in corners• Front columns and porch – high style

Roof Shapes

Pediment

Greek Revival – Fairmont• Orville P. Chubb House - 1867

Greek Revival

Cornice

Frieze

Architrave

Dentil

Greek Revival – Nicollet Island

Greek Revival

Greek Revival – St. Paul• Parker-Marshall House - 1852

Greek Revival - Faribault• Alexander Faribault House - 1853

Federal Style – St. Paul• Simpson-Wood House - 1853

• Classical details• Two story rectangular• Raised foundations• Low pitched roof w/ balustrade• Elaborate door surrounds• Dentil molding in cornice

Queen Anne Victorian – St. Paul• Murray-Lanpher House – 1886

• Edward Bassford

• Asymmetrical façade• Steeply pitched roof• Gabled irregular shaped roof• Elaborate chimney• One story porch - might wrap around• Towers, turrets, bays, overhangs• Entrance door with stained glass• Complex trim

• Queen Anne Victorian - Mankato• Lorin P. Cray House -1897

• Frank Thayer

Shingle Style – Minneapolis• Harry Wild Jones House – 1887

• Harry Wild Jones

• Similar to Queen Anne • Less extravagant • Less fanciful

• Irregular building forms• Naturally weathers shingles

• Shows natural shadows• Unified shape and color• Towers blend rather than defined

Harry Wild Jones 1859-1935Exhibited a unique brand of versatility and creativity – style of the times

Brought Shingle Style to Minnesota

Worked with HH Richardson

Chapel at Lakewood Cemetery

Washburn Park Water Tower

• Shingle Style – St. Paul• Cass & Julia Gilbert House – 1889

• Cass Gilbert

Cass Gilbert 1859-1934Architecture should reflect historic traditions and the established social order.

MN State Capitol

Endicott Building – St Paul

U of MN Campus Plan

United States Supreme Court

Woolworth Building, NY

Cass Gilbert - nationally

French Second Empire / Mansard Victorian - Mankato• Hubbard House - 1887 / 1905

• Mansard roof• Patterned shingles• Iron roof crest• Window surrounds• Eaves with brackets• One story porch• Tower• Balustrades

French Second Empire / Mansard - Victorian – St. Paul• Alexander Ramsey House – 1872

• Monroe Sheire

Gothic Revival - Hastings• William G LeDuc -1865

• AJ Downing plan book

• Pointed arches – decorative• Front facing gables

• Lacey trim• Steep pitched roofs• Decoration over windows• Castle like towers

Andrew Jackson Downing 1815-1852The Father of American Landscape ArchitectureEvery American deserved a good home

Richardsonian – St. Paul• Chauncey Griggs House – 1884

• Clarence Johnson

• Henry Hobson Richardson• Romanesque• Strong, picturesque massing• Short columns• Recessed entrances• Richly varied rustication• Cylindrical towers, conical caps

Clarence Johnston 1859-19361909 Minnesota State Architect until 1931 – responsible for all state institutions

Northrop Auditorium Walter Library

MN State Fair Granstand

• Richardsonian – St. Paul• W.H. Lightner House (Summit Ave) – 1893

• Cass Gilbert

Inspired by Venetian Renaissance• C. Livingston House (Summit Ave) – 1898

• Cass Gilbert

Italianate - Winona• Huff-Lamberton House - 1857

Classical 16th-CenturyItalian Renaissance Architecture

Picturesque Aesthetic

• Wide roof eaves• Eave brackets• Window hood moldings• Arched windows• Milled porch columns• Painted doors

ItalianateLarge bracketsSquare cupolas

Italianate and Greek Revival - Chatfield• George Haven House - 1874

Italianate• Wide roof eaves• Eave brackets• Window hood moldings• Arched windows• Milled porch columns• Painted doors

Greek Revival• Symmetrical façade• Heavy cornice, wide band trim• Gable front roof• Columns / pilasters in corners

Jacobean – Duluth• Glensheen Historic Estate – 1905

• Clarence Johnson

• Second phase of Renaissance after Elizabethan – named after King James of England

• Free and fanciful• Classic orders

Tudor • St. Paul - Summit Avenue. - 1906

• Clarence Johston

• Steeply pitched cross-gabled roofs• Decorative half-timbering• Rounded bays and turrets• Massive chimneys

Tudor • Hewitt House – Minneapolis, Franklin Ave E. - 1906

• Edwin Hewitt

Tudor • St. Paul – Summit Avenue - 1907

• Reed and Stem

• Two and ½ stories high• Simple boxed shape• Roomy interiors for compact city lot• Low hipped roof with overhang• Large central dormer• Full width porch

Foursquare - Stillwater• Frank Linner houses (contractor) - 1906

Foursquare

Home plan catalogs between 1900 and 1935

Foursquare

The North Shore - Swedish Influence• Edwin Lundie

• Lutsen

The North Shore - Swedish Influence• Edwin Lundie

• Cottages

20th Century Architectural Styles In Minnesota

Colonial – 2/3 scale replica of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow• Longfellow House – 1907

American Arts and Crafts 1910-1930

• Encourage originality• Simplicity of form• Local natural materials• Visibility of handcraft

William Morris

The Craftsman – Gustav Stickley

The Craftsman Bungalow 1900’s – 1930’s

One and a half stories Living spaces on the ground floor Cluster kitchen, dining, bedrooms and bathroom around a central living area Low pitched roof, overhanging eaves, exposed rafters Tapered or square columns Exposed rafters Hand crafted stone or woodwork Mixed materials

modest homes for a rapidly expanding

American middle class

Bungalow – a form not a style

One - one and a half stories Lower to the ground Simple style Natural materials Quality craftsmanship

Prairie Style

• Indigenous North American style of Architecture

Midwest prairiewide, flat, horizontal, uninterrupted expanses of land extending to the horizon

Prairie Style• Purcell-Cutts House - 1913

• Purcell and Elmslie

Prairie Style• Willey House - 1934

• Frank Lloyd Wright

• Low pitched roof• Overhanging eaves• Horizontal lines• Central chimney• Open floor plan• Clerestory windows• Discipline in the use of ornamentation

Prairie Style• Edina House

• SALA Architects

Spanish Revival 1915’s -1940’s

• Asymmetrical façade• Low pitched roof, red tiles and small overhangs• Stucco exterior walls• Arches above doors and windows

Tudor Revival 1930’s -1940’s

• Steeply pitched roof - cross-gabled roofs• Massive chimneys• Decorative half-timbering• Rounded bays and turrets• Narrow windows

Tudor Revival

Medieval style

Modernism

• Lippencott House – 1938 • Winston and Elizabeth Close

• Form follows function• Simplicity and clarity of forms• No unnecessary details• Visual expression of structure• Machine aesthetic• Horizontal and vertical lines

Modernism

• Winston and Elizabeth Close House (Win and Lisl) - 1953

Modernism Starkey House – 1954, Duluth

Marcel Breuer

Usonian Style Neils House – 1951, Cedar Lake

Frank Lloyd Wright

• L-shaped • Connected with landscape• Native materials• Large overhangs• Clerestory windows• Division of public and private

Usonian Style Elam House – 1951, Austin, MN

Frank Lloyd Wright

Levittown – post war 1950’s• The New American Suburb

• Affordable housing

• Cape cod

• Ranch /Rambler

Cape Cod 1920’s – 1950’s

• Sub-style of Colonial• Asphalt shingle roof• Wood clapboard siding• Shallow eaves• Central chimney• Gabled dormers• Panel door

Rambler / Ranch 1950’s – 1980’s

• Long close-to-the-ground profile• Shingle roof, wood siding• Minimal decoration• Low pitch roof• Overhangs• Prominent picture window in front• Open space

Post War• The Lustron

Mid-Century Modern• Ralph Rapson

Ralph Rapson 1914-2008Head of the University of MN 1954-1984

What’s that house?