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by Edgar Allan Poepages140-141

ESSENTIALQUESTION:

What can blur thelines betweenwhat's real andwhat's not?

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QUICK STARTHas a friend ever told you a story about a strange or unexplained

I occurrence? Did it make you wonder what really happened? Whatreactions did the event stir in you? Discuss your reaction with the class.

ANALYZE RHYMEI A poem's effect is created through sound and meaning. Poets chooseI- their words carefully, since word choice, or diction, affects a poem's

meaning and the way it sounds.

Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words. Words rhymewhen their accented vowels and the tetters that follow them createidentical or similar sounds.

dreary/weary more/roar chair/stare

Poets use rhyme for a number of purposes:

• to create a musical quality

• to emphasize sounds that suggest particular feelings, such assurprise or sadness

• to create rhythms, or patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables,that help convey sensory feelings, such as a sense of motion

ANALYZE RHYME SCHEMEEnd rhyme refers to words that rhyme at the ends of lines of poetry. Arhyme scheme is a pattern of end rhymes in a poem. A rhyme schemeis noted by assigning a letter of the alphabet, starting with a, to eachend rhyme.

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FROM "ELDORADO"

Gaily bedight,A gallant knight,In sunshine and in shadow,Had journeyed long,Singing a song,In search of Eldorado.

RHYME SCHEME

Gaily bedight, aA gallant knight, aIn sunshine and in shadow, bHad journeyed long, cSinging a song, cIn search of Eldorado, b

GET READY 0

As you read "The Song ofWandering Aengus"and"Eldorado,"thinkabout how each authors' use of rhyme and rhyme scheme contributesto the poem's mood—the feeling the poem creates for the reader;its voice—the unique way the author uses language and expressesa human personality in the text; and its tone—the author's attitudetoward the subject presented.

GENRE ELEMENTS: POETRY• includes imagery that appealsto the senses

•includes sound devices such asrhyme, alliteration, assonance,consonance, and repetition

•creates a mood

• expresses a theme, ormessage, about life

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The Song of Wandering Aengus / Eldorado 135

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0 GET READY ANALYZE SOUND DEVICES AND MOODPoets use sound devices to convey a poem's meaning and mood.Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line ofpoetry. Rhythm brings out a poem's musical qualities and helps createits mood, the feeling or atmosphere that the poet wishes to create.

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Sound Device

alliteration

Definition

repetition of beginningconsonant sounds in words

Example

"And when whitemoths..."

assonancerepetition of vowel sounds innon-rhyming words

"Though I am old..."

consonance

repetition of consonantsounds within and at ends ofwords

"When I had laid..."

repetition

restating the same wordsor phrases, or the samegrammatical constructions I

"apple blossom""apples of the moon""apples of the sun"

NOTICE & NOTE

j ANNOTATION MODELj As you read, note each poet's use of rhyme and sound

devices. Explain how these sound devices help create themood of the poem. In the model, you can see one reader'snotes about "The Song of Wandering Aengus."

Though I am old<^ wandermg>Throughîollow landândQiilly landsI will find out where she has gone,

20 And kiss her lips and take her hands;

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BACKGROUND"The Song of Wandering Aengus" was inspired byAengus, the god oflove and beauty in Irish mythology. In the original myth, Aengus falls inlove with a girl he has dreamed about and has lost. W. B. Yeats (1865-1939) was an Irish poet, a playwright, and a notable literary figure of thetwentieth century. As a boy, Yeats visited a rural part of Ireland calledSligo where he heard stones about heroes, heroines, and magic.Yeats's later life, this folklore influenced his poetry and drama."The Song of Wandering Aengus" reflects this influence.

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PREPARE TO COMPAREAs you read, look for examples of rhyme, repetition, and otherdevices. Think about how the poet uses these devices to help createthe poem's mood.

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I went out to the hazel wood,Because a fire was in my head,And cut and peeled a hazel wand,And hooked a berry to a thread;

s And when white moths were on the wing,And moth-like stars were flickering out,I dropped the berry in a stream ; "And caught a little silver trout.


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ANALYZE RHYME SCHEME/ANALYZE SOUND DEVICESAND MOODAnnotate: Reread lines 9-16aloud. Mark examples of endrhymes and alliteration.

Interpret: What effects do theserhymes and sound devices havein understanding the poet'sintended meaning?

When I had laid it on the floor10 I went to blow the fire aflame,

But something rustled on the floor,And someone called me by my name:It had become a glimmering girlWith apple blossom in her hair

is Who called me by my name and ranAnd faded through the brightening air.

Though I am old with wanderingThrough hollow lands and hilly lands,I will find out where she has gone,

20 And kiss her lips and take her hands;And walk among long dappled1 grass,And pluck till time and times are done,The silver apples of the moon,The golden apples of the sun.

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dappled: marked with many spotted colors or light.

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CHECKYOUR UNDERSTANDINGAnswer these questions before moving on to the next selection.1 Which word best describes the story told in the poem?

A Incident

B Quest

C Hallucination

D Mystery

2 Which event was most surprising to Aengus?

F He sleepwalked into the forest.G Moths were all around him.

H The fish he caught became a girl.J hie found silver and golden apples.

3 In the line I went out to the hazel wood, the sound device used iscalled —

A rhyme

B alliteration

C assonance

D consonance

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BACKGROUNDEdgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was an American poet, shortstory writer, and literary critic. Orphaned at the age of three, hewas raised by friends of his family. As a young man, Poe workedas a journalist while writing short stories and poems. Widelyknown for his short stones, Poe also was an influential poet. Hefocused a great deal on construction and style, using devicessuch as rhyme, alliteration, assonance, and repetition. Heemploys some of these devices in the poem "Eldorado." I

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PREPARE TO COMPARE-45 you read, think about the story the poem tells. Consider howthe poet's use of rhyme and repetition affects the mood of thestory and helps make it more enjoyable

Gaily bedight,A gallant knight,In sunshine and in shadow,Had journeyed long,

s Singing a song,In search of Eldorado.

ANALYZE RHYMEAND MOODAnnotate: Reread lines 7-18aloud. Mark examples ofrhyme and lines that indicatethe passage of time.Interpret: What effect do theselines—and the rhyme withinthese lines—have on the moodof the poem?

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But he grew old—This knight so bold—And o'er his heart a shadow

io Fell as he foundNo spot of groundThat looked like Eldorado.

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And, as his strengthS Failed him at length,

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"Over the Mountains|{ 20 Of the Moon,

Down the Valley of the Shadow,Ride, boldly ride,"

' The shade replied—I "If you seek for Eldorado!"

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CHECKYOUR UNDERSTANDINGAnswer these questions before moving on to the Analyze the Textsection on the following page.1 What is the knight's goal?

A To travel the world

B To please his loveC To find Eldorado

D To become famous

2 What sound device does the poet use in the last line of eachstanza?

F Repetition

G Assonance

H Consonance

J Mood

3 What is the meaning of shadow as used in line 1 5?A Traveler

B Knight

C Ghost

D Cloud

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RESEARCH TIPThe legend of El Dorado haslong been featured in literatureand popular entertainment.Because a search for "El Dorado"on the Internet will yield arange of results, look for sourcesthat suggest content that dealswith the history behind thelegend. National Geographicand the BBC are both goodsources, as are sites ending in.org and .edu.

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ANALYZE THE TEXTSupport your responses with evidence from the text. |^j NOTEBOOK1. Summarize What are the primary actions that take place in the

three stanzas of'The Song of Wandering Aengus"?2. Infer Who is the speaker—the person telling the story—in "The

Song of Wandering Aengus"? How do you know?3. Interpret Whom does the knight in "Eldorado" represent? What

does Eldorado itself represent?4. Critique Think about the words that appear at the end of each

stanza of "Eldorado." How effectively do they connect to thechanging mood of the poem?

5. Analyze The poet references a shadow in each of the four stanzasof"Eldorado."Why do you think the poet repeatedly refers to ashadow? How does the reference to the shadow change from thefirst stanza to the last?

RESEARCHOver the centuries, the legend of El Dorado, the "city of gold," inspiredadventurers, rulers, and others. Research where the legend of ElDorado comes from. Use what you learn to answer these questions.

QUESTION

Where was the lost "city ofgold" supposedly located?

ANSWER

Who was El Dorado, or "thegolden one"?

Why were the Spanish andother Europeans convincedthat a city of gold actuallyexisted?

Did Europeans ever findEl Dorado?

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Connect In the final stanza, the pilgrim shadow tells the knight thatEldorado is located "Over the Mountains/Ofthe Moon."With a smallgroup, discuss how your research helps you understand the knight'squest and the pilgrim shadow's response.

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THE SONG OPWANOeRtNGAENGUSPoem by W,8. Yeats

Et-DORAOOPoem by gdgar A!!§I')XBS

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Collaborate & CompareCOMPARE MOODSBoth "The Song of Wandering Aengus"and "Eldorado" are poems thatdescribe a quest, a journey in which someone searches for somethingdesired. Although the poems share this idea, each poem creates adistinctly different mood. Mood is the general feeling, or emotionalatmosphere, that a poem produces in readers. Mood in a poem isdeveloped in several ways.• Setting/Events—what happens and where• Speaker—the person speaking the words to the reader• Diction—the choice of words and images• Sound devices—rhyme, rhythm, alliteration, assonance, consonance,and repetition

With your group, complete the chart with details from both poems.THE SONG OF

WANDERING AENGUSELDORADO

Setting/Events

Speaker

Diction

Sound Devices

ANALYZE THE TEXTS

Discuss these questions in your group.1. Compare With your group, discuss the goals of the quest in each

poem. What do these goals symbolize?2. Interpret In both poems, the speaker notes that the person on

the quest has grown old. How does age affect the quest differentlyin the two poems? How does it affect the mood of each poem?

3. Evaluate Both poems use several sound devices to developmood. Which poem do you think does this more effectively? Why?

4. Critique In "The Song of Wandering Aengus/'Yeats uses theimage of "apples" to develop mood. In "Eldorado," Poe uses"shadow." How do these words reflect the development of mood ineach poem?

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