what's new? update on babies born too small
TRANSCRIPT
Newborn – What’s New? Newborn/Preterm/
Small Babies
The Continuum of Care for Preterm and Small Babies: Carolyn Kruger, PCI Care of Maternal/Newborn Dyad When Preterm Labor and Delivery
Occur: Suzanne Stalls, ACNM Current Research on Management of Newborn Sepsis: Bina Valsanger,
SNL/SAVE Integration of Newborn Care with CORE Group Community Polio Platform
in Ethiopia: Alfonso Rosales, World Vision
Every Preemie—SCALE
SCALING, CATALYZING, ADVOCATING, LEARNING, EVIDENCE-DRIVEN
Continuum of Care for Pre-term/Small Babies
Premature birth is the leading cause of newborn
death and the leading cause of death among children under 5 worldwide
• 15 million babies are born preterm every year.
• 1.1 million babies die every year due to complications of prematurity – 75% of these deaths are preventable.
Why Preemies?
• Low birth weight (babies born too small) is a major contributor to newborn deaths.
Sources: Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth (2012); Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000–13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis, Lancet (2014).
• Expand the uptake of preterm birth
(PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) interventions in 24 USAID priority countries in Africa and Asia.
• Shine a spotlight on PTB/LBW within maternal and newborn health interventions and approaches.
• Work within global partners, established health service delivery systems, and community platforms.
Every Preemie—SCALE
• USAID MCSP • Saving Newborn Lives (SNL) • USAID Emerging Priorities Initiative • CORE Group • Global Maternal/Newborn Technical Working
Groups • Survive and Thrive Global Development Alliance • BMGF Grand Challenges Partners • Country Every Newborn Action Plans
Collaborating with…
Preemies: Our Care Agenda Category Gestational Age Approximate Weight Global Burden
Extremely < 28 weeks < 1500 grams 5.2%
Very 28 - < 32 weeks Approx. 1500 grams 10.4%
Moderate 32 - < 37 weeks 2500 grams 84.3%
The majority of these preemies can survive with basic essential newborn care (drying, warming, breastfeeding,
clean cord care and hygiene) PLUS breathing support, continuous skin-to-
skin contact, infection prevention/management
• Core Package – Consists of:
• 24 country survey in USAID priority countries in Asia and Africa • Evidence toolkit • Advocacy and Awareness Raising module
• Targeted Technical Assistance – Implemented in selected countries and includes country-specific
TA such as: • Revision of policy, standards or protocols • Curricula development • Health provider training
• Demonstration Countries—up to 4 over LOP • Focused programming based on stakeholder priorities • Programming will be designed to advance the scale up of
interventions along the continuum of care from the household to the facility
• Implementation research designed to answer critical questions about what works to improve programming for PTB/LBW
Country Support
– How do we address the barriers to quality of care given what we know?:
• In many countries a large proportion of babies are born at home without skilled care
• Services for mothers and newborns are often managed separately
• Services are often inadequate and of poor quality
• Recognition of preterm and small babies and appropriate care remains a significant challenge
– We also know that the majority of moderate preterm babies can survive with essential newborn care interventions PLUS respiratory support (where indicated), continuous skin-to-skin care, support for feeding and careful growth monitoring
Learning Agenda
• Gestational age assessment research (pre-birth and at birth)
• Post birth assessment of preterm, small babies at the facility level, immediate care and referral to advanced or specialized care
• Community/household recognition of preterm and small babies and ACTION: referral to care
• Barriers to care for vulnerable babies, e.g. acceptance of “small, ugly” babies; community perceptions and action
• Follow up care at the community/household level for preemies and small babies (e.g. home maintenance of KMC: skin to skin care and feeding support at the household level)
Priorities for Learning
How will we learn?
Evidence to Action
Evidence Shared Globally and in USAID Priority
Countries
Demonstration and TTA
Countries Use Evidence and
Information to Prioritize Action
Country Level Learning
Captured and Used to Inform Future Planning
Know-Do Gap Informs New Learning for
PTB/LBW
Focus on Continuum of Care: Best Practice, Gaps, Comparative Value
Pre-pregnancy Pregnancy Labor and
Delivery
Immediate Postnatal
Care
Later Postnatal
Care
Community/Home
Health Center Hospital
• There are multiple points during a women’s reproductive
life when specific services can reduce her risk for preterm birth and improve chances of survival for early and small newborns
• The matrix provides an organized framework for evidence-based interventions and services along the pathway for care of non-pregnant and pregnant women, mothers, and preterm or small babies- from the household/community to the health center and hospital levels
• Used to initiate dialogue and coordination, identify gaps along the pathway to care, and guide prioritization of services.
MATRIX: Continuum of Care for the Prevention of Preterm Birth, Management of Preterm Labor and Delivery and
Care of the Preterm and Small Newborn
PREVENTION OF PRETERM BIRTH AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT COMMUNITY/ HOUSEHOLD
• Delayed marriage/childbearing among adolescents
• Prevention of partner violence • Family Planning (FP) counseling &
provision • Optimize pre-pregnancy weight &
use of iron-folate supplements and/or micronutrient fortification
• Cessation of tobacco use & reduced exposure to second hand smoke & household air pollution
• Cessation of substance abuse including alcohol
• Prevention of harmful traditional practices (HTPs)
• Social and cultural norms in place that promote early care seeking behavior for pregnancy women
• Early determination of last menstrual period (LMP) and estimated due date (EDD) at first antenatal care (ANC) visit
• Counseling on reduced maternal workload • Identification and management of partner
violence • Community-based ANC including
identification of complications and referral and previous history of preterm birth
• Birth preparation including a savings and transport plan
• Identification of pregnancy complications and referral to care
• Prompt referral to health facility if newborn appears premature or small
• See pre-pregnancy actions at the community and household level
HEALTH CENTER
All of above PLUS • Diagnosis & management of
infections including HIV • Routine childhood immunizations
including for adolescents • Mental health/depression
assessment and referral for services
All of above PLUS • Focused ANC including IPT/SP for malaria,
screening/care for maternal infections (TB, HIV, bacterial vaginosis, UTI, Group B Strep, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis)
• Maternal immunization (tetanus, pneumococcal, H. influenzae, influenza), anemia screening/treatment
• High risk pregnancy screening and referral: o Chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes) o ID and Tx of hypertensive disease in
pregnancy o ID and Tx of antepartum hemorrhage o ID and Tx of pPROM o Monitoring multiple pregnancies o Pregnant adolescents o Prior preterm birth
• Identification of pregnancy complications
• Verify EDD • If maternal
condition leading to prematurity is identified, transfer to hospital care
• Confirm gestational age at birth
• Nutrition counseling for adequate maternal diet and successful breastfeeding
• Postpartum family planning counseling and provision of services (e.g. oral contraceptives, LAM) and referral for permanent or long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)
All of above PLUS • Follow-up of women
in the interconceptional period who delivered prematurely to medically manage any conditions that may have predisposed her to premature
HOSPITAL Counseling and services for all of above
All of above PLUS • Management of women at higher risk of
preterm birth: o Above conditions plus o ID and Tx of cervical abnormalities (e.g.
• Management of complications
• Refer to Management of Labor & Delivery,
All of above plus • Provision of
permanent or long-term FP methods (e.g.
• Identification and management of new onset chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes)
CARE
• Pre-conception: youth-delay marriage and pregnancy • Early ANC in first trimester for establishment of EDD,
focused ANC • Family planning counseling and provision • Early care –seeking behaviors for complications • Early identification of high risk pregnancies- screening • Prevention of partner violence and HTP • Birth preparation • Maternal nutrition/micronutrient fortification • Reduced maternal workload • Maternal depression screening
Prevention of Preterm Birth
MANAGEMENT OF PRETERM LABOR & DELIVERY COMMUNITY/ HOUSEHOLD
• Community health education including signs and symptoms of preterm labor and obstetric complications
• Recognition of obstetric complications and signs of preterm labor and immediate referral to hospital for care
• If possible, referral to health facility for obstetric care
• IF UNABLE TO TRANSFER: Skilled birth attendant in the home
• Clean birth practices • Early basic obstetric and newborn care and
referral to health facility for management
• Immediate postpartum care for the mother and referral to health facility for follow up and management of obstetric complications
• Continuation of immediate essential newborn care and referral/transfer to facility for preterm or small newborn
HEALTH CENTER • Establish gestational age • Respectful maternity care • Education and recognition of signs of
preterm labor and obstetric conditions leading to prematurity
• Identify and early Tx of high-risk conditions for preterm birth (pre-eclampsia, pPROM, antepartum hemorrhage, preterm labor
• Immediate referral to hospital for care • Monitor fetal condition • Maternal nutrition and hydration • During transfer to hospital, woman to
remain recumbent if at all possible
• Provision of basic emergency obstetric care for women in preterm labor
• Ongoing monitoring of fetal condition • Transfer to hospital for comprehensive
emergency obstetric care
• Early management of maternal postpartum complications with basic emergency obstetric care
• Transfer to hospital for emergency postpartum care
• See CARE FOR THE PRETERM OR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEWBORN
HOSPITAL All of above PLUS • May use tocolytic agents to suppress
labor for time required to administer ACS
• Begin ACS for women 24 to <34 weeks gestational age and at high risk for imminent preterm birth
• Magnesium sulphate for women with gestational age <32 weeks and likely to give birth within 24 hours
• Managing and treating the high-risk complications leading to prematurity
• Comprehensive emergency obstetric care • Ongoing monitoring of fetal condition
• Management of postpartum care for the mother
• See CARE FOR THE PRETERM OR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEWBORN
PREGNANCY LABOR & DELIVERY IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM/POSTNATAL CARE
• Establish gestational age • Respectful maternity care • Education and recognition of signs of preterm labor and
obstetric conditions leading to prematurity • Identification and early treatment of high-risk conditions
leading to prematurity • Basic emergency obstetric care • Monitor maternal and fetal conditions • Referral to special care centers for very small/preterm babies • Infection prevention
•
Management of Preterm Birth
CARE OF THE PRETERM OR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEWBORN COMMUNITY/ HOUSEHOLD
• Be prepared for preterm birth and newborn requiring special care
• Clean birth practices • Recognition of preterm or small newborn • Essential care for small babies (infant stimulation to
breathe, drying, warming, continuous skin-to-skin contact and immediate/exclusive breastfeeding or alternative method to feed breastmilk)
• Chlorhexidine for cord care at home births in settings with newborn mortality over 30 per 1000, or to replace application of harmful substances (single application for babies <28 weeks)
• Prompt referral to health facility for care of preterm or small newborn
• Household sanitation including hand washing and other hygiene practices
• High frequency follow up care for preterm and small babies at home post-facility discharge: careful growth monitoring; support to mother for exclusive breastfeeding till 6 mo; support for continuous skin-to-skin contact; identification of newborn problems
• Identification and prompt referral to health facility for new onset of newborn problems
HEALTH CENTER • Be prepared for preterm birth and newborn requiring special care
• Confirm GA at birth • Eye care, vitamin K and clean dry cord care • Essential care for small babies including newborn
resuscitation • For newborns who present with danger signs
(abnormal temp, respirations, feeding difficulties, lethargic or with seizures) give antibiotics and immediately refer to advanced care
• For newborns <32 weeks and/or <2000 gms immediate transfer to advanced care
• Continuous skin to skin contact is recommended for the routine care of neonates weighing <2000g at birth as soon as they are clinically stable
• Ongoing essential care for preterm and small babies • Infection prevention • Linkages to community providers for home-based small
baby checks including feeding and growth monitoring; and childhood Immunizations post-facility discharge
• Monitor for developmental milestones • Monitor for new onset of newborn problems and
manage or refer according to country guidelines • Neonates weighing ≤2000g at birth should be provided
with as close to continuous skin to skin contact as possible
HOSPITAL • Be prepared for preterm birth and newborn requiring special care
All of above PLUS • Essential care for small babies: continuous skin to skin
contact + supplemental feeding + monitored oxygen use during stabilization + strict hygiene
• During ventilation of preterm babies born ≤32 weeks gestation, it is recommended to start oxygen therapy with 30% oxygen or air (if blended oxygen is not available), rather than with 100% oxygen
• Transfer extreme newborns (<28 weeks) and/or small newborns (<1200 gms) to advanced care (where available)
All of above PLUS • Management and treatment of preterm and small infant
with complications (inadequate feeding, respiratory conditions, infections, severe jaundice)
• CPAP with oxygen titration using blender and pulse oximeter for RDS, surfactant for RDS with intubation/ventilation
• Monitored oxygen use to minimal required • Support for transfer to local care and follow up after
discharge
TERTIARY or REFERRAL HOSPITAL
• Be prepared for preterm birth and newborn requiring special care
All of above care PLUS • Neonatal intensive care for extreme preterm
newborn (<28 weeks) and/or small newborns (<1200
All of above care PLUS • Continued advanced care for extreme premature infants
<28 weeks
LABOR & DELIVERY IMMEDIATE POSTNATAL CARE LATER POSTNATAL CARE
•Recognition of preterm or small newborn •Essential care for small babies (infant stimulation to
breathe/HBB, drying, warming, continuous skin-to-skin contact and immediate/exclusive breastfeeding or alternative method to feed breast milk)
•Chlorhexidine for cord care at home births • Eye care, vitamin K and clean dry cord care •For newborns who present with danger signs (abnormal
temp, respirations, feeding difficulties, lethargic or with seizures) give antibiotics and immediately refer to advanced care
•Lactation and feeding support •Post-facility discharge counseling and follow-up in the
community; growth monitoring • Infection prevention
Care or Preterm and LBW Baby
• Building the enabling environment for improved maternal and newborn health along the continuum of care is a shared responsibility among families, communities, civil society organizations, religious groups, professional organizations, the private sector and governments
• Integration of preterm prevention, management and care for the mother and newborn can be integrated into RMNCH existing programs
• There are evidenced-based interventions and services that
are simple, low-cost and life-saving that are not new- but just good quality of care
Discussion
Questions/Discussion
Every Preemie—SCALE Team Program Director: Judith Robb-McCord Program Officer: Chelsea Dunning Sr. Operations Officer: Rebecca Freeman Technical Team: Carolyn Kruger (PCI) Jim Litch (GAPPS) Suzanne Stalls (ACNM)