what’s new at un zambia · team (unct) in zambia has begun the process of designing its next un...

T he United Nations Country

Team (UNCT) in Zambia has

begun the process of designing its

next UN Development Partnership

Framework for Zambia. This new

Zambia-UN Partnership Framework will

reflect Zambia's development priorities

in the new Post-2015 sustainable

development context and will replace

the current UN Development

Assistance Framework (UNDAF). This

partnership approach also reflects the

fact that Zambia has graduated as a

Lower Middle Income Country and

moved from the low into the medium

category in the 2014 Human

Development Index. Hence, the move

from ‘Development Assistance’ to

‘Development Partnership

Framework’.

The Zambia-UN Development

Partnership Framework will fully reflect

the new guidelines for designing such

programme framework for Delivering

as One countries, including Zambia.

The new guidelines require all UN

activities in country in support of the

government's priorities to be designed

and captured within the One

Programme. This means that

individual agencies will not undertake

specific activities unless they have

already been recognized as

supporting one or more of the overall

prioritized goals in support of Zambia's

national priorities, and captured within

the One Programme framework. A

single Common Budgetary Framework

will underpin the One Programme,

gathering together for the first time the

resource requirements to deliver the

One Programme, and the Common

Budgetary Framework will be

implemented through a single Joint

Resource Mobilization Strategy.

The UN Country Team has prepared a

draft Road Map to prepare the

Zambia-UN Development Partnership

Framework. An independent

evaluation of the impact of the

current UNDAF and Joint Programmes

will feed into the new design process.

In addition, together with the

Government and in consultation with

its partners, the UN will prepare a

Country Analysis that will provide a

basis for the design of the Zambia-UN

Development Partnership Framework.

“This year we have an exciting

opportunity to commence the

preparation of the first post-2015

strategic framework for UN support to

Zambia. The new partnership

framework will set out the UN system's

collective response to Zambia's

development priorities and the

Sustainable Development Goals. It will

be a significant step in strengthening

Delivering as One in Zambia, bringing

greater coherence and harmonization

across the work of the UN in Zambia”,

said Ms Janet Rogan, the UN Resident

Coordinator in Zambia.

The next Zambia-UN Partnership

Framework will be prepared as a

strategic outcome level document. It

will be implemented through a joint

annual work plan for the whole UN

Country Team. This structure will allow

for adjustments in light of changing

strategic priorities and in light of results

achieved.

There will be a single strategic

reporting mechanism for the annual

work plan, bringing together all the

individual contributions of the UN

agencies in the one annual report.

United Nations begins the process of designing its

first Post-2015 Partnership Framework for Zambia.

January-June 2014

This Newsletter is published by the UN Communication Group in Zambia. To subscribe and provide any feedback, please contact us at: [email protected]. Website: www.zm.one.un.org Tel: +260 211 250800 Fax +260 211 251201 1

What’s New at UN Zambia

(Contd...page 3)

Four Mandatory Steps to design the Zambia-UN Partnership Framework

This Newsletter is published by the UN Communication Group in Zambia. To subscribe and provide any feedback please contact us at: [email protected]. Website: www.zm.one.un.org Tel: +260 211 250800 Fax +260 211 251201

WHAT’S NEW at UN ZAMBIA Jan-June, 2014

2

Dear Colleagues,

This year, we are giving a step-change to UN Delivering as

One in Zambia. The Open Working Group in New York has

just agreed on its proposal for 17 Sustainable

Development Goals and 169 targets (as opposed to the 8

Millennium Development Goals and their 21 targets). This

debate is still continuing but we are already seeing a new

picture of the sustainable development context post-2015

when the Millennium Development Goals expire. The UN

system across the world, including the UN in Zambia, has

to respond to this new and emerging environment.

The UN Development Group at headquarter level (which now includes 32 funds, programmes,

agencies and offices plus five observers) is responsible for ensuring that the UN development

system is collectively ‘fit for purpose’ to deliver on the emerging sustainable development

agenda. The new agenda represents a big shift from the Millennium Development Goals and

traditional North-South relations towards a universal agenda, which cuts across sectors and

thematic disciplines and to which a multitude of diverse stakeholders will need and want to

contribute. For UN Country Teams in Delivering as One countries, including Zambia, our

approach must be more coherent, more integrated and more prepared for work with a wide

range of stakeholders and partners.

The UN in Zambia is working hard to respond to the challenge through the new Zambia-UN

Sustainable Development Partnership Framework. We’ll keep you posted on the process and on

the progress we make. We invite you all to continue to be active and to contribute to this

exciting process. We continue to be grateful for your support to Delivering as One.

This 50th anniversary of Zambia's Independence also of course marks 50 years of Zambia's

membership of the United Nations. We are delighted that a special day has been allocated to

mark this important milestone as part of the official 50th Anniversary celebration programme.

This year UN Day will be celebrated [on 11 October at the start of the official celebration period].

Save the date! We will be in touch shortly with our programme of events to celebrate Zambia's

50 years in the UN.

Janet Rogan

UN Resident Coordinator

Message from the UN Resident Coordinator

This Newsletter is published by the UN Communication Group in Zambia. To subscribe and provide any feedback please contact us at: [email protected]. Website: www.zm.one.un.org Tel: +260 211 250800 Fax +260 211 251201 3


A high-level Zambia-UN Joint

Partnership Steering Board and a

Joint Partnership Committee

are proposed to be formed to

guide the process. The high

level board is expected to

guide and oversee the

partnership framework design

and delivery.

It will be supported by a

Zambia-UN Joint Partnership

Steering Committee comprising

senior national and

international planning,

programming and Monitoring

and Evaluation (M&E) staff

members, drawn from across

UN agencies and government

ministries. A key responsibility of

the Partnership Steering

Committee shall be

undertaking close consultations with

a wide range of national and

international development partners,

including civil society and the private

sector.

“We are looking forward to craft

a bold strategy, which will

provide a special emphasis on

enhancing partnership to not

only achieve sustainable

development in Zambia, but it

will also support promoting

peace in the region by

addressing issues such as refugee

and cross-border migration. The

UN’s partnership framework will

have an overall objective to

support Zambia realize its vision

of becoming Middle Income

Country by 2030,” said Laura

Locastro, UNHCR Representative

in Zambia.

The UN Zambia’s next Delivering as

One Programme Framework will

focus on high-level strategic results.

These high-level strategic results,

shared by all UN Country Team

members, are called outcomes.

These outcomes will show where the

UN Country Team can bring to bear

its unique comparative advantages

in strategic policy advice and

programming, capacity

development, technical assistance

and advocacy to assist Zambia in

contribution to national

achievement of the future

Sustainable Development Goals.

Part of this adjustment will also be to

consider how to protect and

continue to build on the

development gains made in recent

years under the Millennium

Development Goals.

The UN Country Team is determined

to ensure the full participation of

both resident and non-resident UN

agencies to ensure that the full

range of normative and analytical

expertise, advocacy, operational

and coordination capabilities

available across the global UN

System is available to support

Zambia's development priorities.

The strengthened Delivering as One

approach for designing partnership

frameworks enables the different

programming cycles of all the UN

agencies to be captured in one

single Common Budgetary

Framework and its associated Joint

Resource Mobilisation Strategy.

Through the One Programme

approach, which will capture all the

activities and projects delivered in

country by all the agencies, the

agencies will be better aware of

each other's activities and goals in

country. This will promote

transparency, coherence and

accountability and reduce the risk of

overlaps or gaps.

The UN’s partnership framework to focus on high level results

“ We became a Delivering as One UN

Team in 2011 upon request of the

Government of Zambia. This means the

government wants the UN System in Zambia

to plan and deliver assistance together. We

have made significant progress in so doing

by launching a number of UN Joint

Programmes. Since 2011 was mid-cycle in

planning terms so the current UNDAF is still

in effect; now we are preparing to start the

design of our next strategic framework,

which we expect to be a real partnership

and not just delivery of

assistance framework,

Martin Clemensson, ILO Representative

…Partnership Framework to succeed UNDAF

”

GRZ and UN participants in a workshop on Delivering as One. The participants discussed on the

strategy for strengthening Delivering as One pillars in the next UN Partnership Framework.



4

LUSAKA, “Zambia

Upcoming UN Zambia Events

Mo Tu We Th Fri Sa Su

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

November 2014

“ Global consultations on the post-

2015 development agenda – in

themselves an unprecedented

effort to bring people's voices to

international policy-making – have

re-affirmed the importance of

putting people at the heart of

development. The million voices

represented in the UN’s MY World

survey overwhelmingly call for open

and responsive government,

placing this in the top three goals

they seek in a future development

agenda.

International Youth Day 12 August

International Day of

Democracy

15

September


Peace

21

September

Dag Hammarskjold Day 18

September

World Tourism Day 27

September

World Food Day 16 October

United Nations Day in

Zambia will be observed

on 11 October

24 October

International Day for

Eradication of Poverty 27 October

Universal Children’s Day 20

November

International Day for the Elimination of Violence

Against Women

25 November

World AIDS Day 1 December

International Volunteer’s Day

05 December

World Anti-Corruption Day

09 December

Human Rights Day 10

December

International Migrants Day

18 December


1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

October 2014

”

One Billion Rising Campaign

“ Countries

with

higher levels

of gender

equality

have higher

economic growth. Companies with

more women on their Boards have

higher returns. Peace agreements

that include women are more

successful. Parliaments with more

women take up a wider range of

issues – including health, education,

anti-discrimination, and child

support. Gender equality and

women’s empowerment have been

a top priority for me from day

one. And I am

committed to making

sure that the UN

walks the talk.

International

Women’s

Day


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

December 2014


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30

September 2014

Secretary General,

Ban Ki-Moon’s Corner

”

“ We must do everything we can

to achieve the Millennium

Development Goals by the end of

2015. That work is unfinished and

must continue in order to secure the

well-being, dignity and rights of

those still on the margins today, as

well as of future generations. By

meeting our existing commitments,

we will be in the best possible

position from which to agree upon

and implement a universal agenda

for sustainable

development after

2015.

Secretary General’s Report:

“A life of dignity for all”

”

“ I look forward to working with

Member States of the United

Nations to achieve a post-2015

development agenda that builds

on the successes of the MDGs to

foster a life of dignity for all.

Joint Press Conference in Bali

”



Z ambia is still far from reaching

the Millennium Development

Goal for water and sanitation. Only

43% of Zambians have access to

an improved sanitation facility and

2.3 million Zambians still practice

open defecation – mainly in rural

areas. A strong inequity between

the poorest and richest population

quintiles continues to exist in the

country in accessing safe water

and improved sanitation.

The lack of access to improved

sanitation and inadequate levels

of washing hands with soap or ash

contributes to the high prevalence

of diarrhea among children under

five in the country. The most recent

data indicates that 6,600 children

die every year due to poor

sanitation and hygiene. Further,

there is a growing evidence of the

impact of poor hygiene and

sanitation as being a nutrition crisis

as faecaly transmitted infections –

including diarrhea - affect a

child’s ability to absorb nutrients. It

is well known that inadequate

nutrition affects a child’s cognitive

skills, thus hindering their capacity

to learn in school and ultimately

achieving their full potential. With

these factors, the World Bank

reports that low sanitation

practices cost Zambia 1.3% of its

gross domestic product every year,

or approximately US$194 million.

Despite these threats to Zambia’s

children, and its future, real

progress is being made under the

leadership of the Ministry of Local

Government and Housing (MLGH)

with the support of the United

Kingdom’s Department for

International Development (DFID)

and UNICEF. Our two organizations

are supporting Government’s

ambitious national hygiene and

sanitation programme that is

striving to enable 3 million people

in 47 rural districts to use improved

household toilets and practice

hand-washing with soap or ash.

The programme has achieved the

following since 2012: a) Sanitation

Access – 1,100,000 people in 3,900

villages are now living with toilets

and use them regularly; b) An

estimated 3,300,000 people have

been reached with hygiene

promotion information; and c)

More than 1,000 schools have

improved sanitation and hygiene

facilities, benefitting more than

400,000 pupils every year.

On a recent visit I made to

Southern Province with Kevin

Quinlan, the Head of DFID Zambia,

His Royal Highness Chief Chona

shared with us that patient lists at

his chiefdom’s clinics are down

significantly since his subjects

became open defecation free

(ODF) – meaning every household

has a toilet and people no longer

go to the toilet outside. This

evidence supplements a recent

estimate carried out by DFID and

UNICEF that demonstrates the

health benefits of this Zambia

programme produce a benefit

cost ratio of 203%. Every kwacha

invested in hygiene and sanitation

provides a benefit value of more

than 2 kwacha for the most

vulnerable people.

Despite these achievements,

funding from the Government for

hygiene and sanitation

interventions remain too low,

including support for the needed

human resources to really make a

difference. The national budget

dedicated to the sector has

significantly increased in recent

years and MLGH has benefited

from important additional staff

hires with new water and sanitation

officers posted throughout the

country. However, Government’s

overall water and sanitation

funding is low compared to other

strategic

sectors.

Hygiene

and

sanitation

this fiscal

year

received an

overall

budget

allocation of

2.6% while

education

and health

received

17.5% and

11.3%

respectively.

According to the Word Bank,

US$471 million is required annually

for Zambia to fully meet the needs

of the country’s water and

sanitation sector, and about a third

of this amount is currently mobilized

by Government and its partners.

For the nation to reach the

Government’s goal of an ODF

Zambia by 2020, the Government

and cooperating partners need to

triple the current budget

dedicated to sanitation. This is a

significant jump and we can’t do it

overnight -- but as the evidence

clearly states, this investment will

reap enormous benefits for the

country as we all work to help

Zambia become a middle income

country by 2030.

[By Hamid El-Bashir Ibrahim,

UNICEF Representative]

Government needs to prioritize WASH sector



6

LUSAKA, July — Zambia’s second round

of national consultations on the Post-

2015 Development Agenda concluded

with a final dialogue and validation of

a number of recommended

mechanisms to ensure empowerment

and meaningful engagement of

citizens in implementing the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs).

Zambia’s National Decentralization

Policy, Citizen’s Budget, and

Constituency Development Fund are a

few illustrations of such mechanisms

that, if fully implemented, can foster

participatory planning, monitoring and

accountability in line with good human

rights principles. The decentralization

policy empowers provinces and districts

to manage their own affairs for

effective social economic

development. It promotes people’s

participation in democratic

governance at the local level and

promotes the participation of chiefs

and other traditional leaders in

governance and preservation of

culture and heritage.

The Citizen’s Budget, launched in 2013,

aims to make the government’s

operations transparent. The primary

objective of the Citizen’s Budget is to

inform all citizens about how the

government intends to raise money to

finance its planned activities and how it

plans to spend public resources to

achieve its goals. And the Constituency

Development Fund, established in 1995,

funds micro-community development

projects that are not only visibly

beneficial, but also involve the active

participation of ordinary people.

“Mechanisms like these which promote

citizen engagement and

empowerment through participation

may serve as examples of good

practices or lessons learned,” said Ms.

Janet Rogan, the UN Resident

Coordinator.

The second round of consultations in

Zambia, which focused on

‘participatory monitoring and

accountability’, was aimed to identify

and create a multi-stakeholder space

for an inclusive dialogue about existing

experience, information and

knowledge regarding Participatory

Monitoring for Accountability in

Zambia; and to document examples of

innovative local and participatory real-

time monitoring initiatives and how

more accountable, transparent,

responsive governance is

being pursued in Zambia.

Over 3000 Zambians,

including

parliamentarians, young

people, media,

government officials,

representatives of civil

society and private sector

shared their experience of

participatory monitoring in

various forms of the

national dialogue. The

consultations, including

road shows, school and university

debates, community discussions and

national level experience sharing

sessions, provided an opportunity to

Zambians to have their say in

articulating mechanisms to ensure

people-led monitoring and

accountability for what is being done

to achieve the people’s (sustainable)

development goals for the Post-

Millennium Development Goals period.

Zambia recommends mechanisms for promoting

accountability in the Post-2015 era

Young people participating in a Road Show on Post-2015 Development Agenda in Ndola Photo: UNDP/Zambia/2014/Moses

“

“This post-2015 vision will embrace not

only the core development and poverty

reduction goals, but also all the other

commitments derived from the UN Charter in

the Millennium Declaration. In essence, we

will upgrade the Millennium Development

Goals into Sustainable Development Goals.”

Ms. Janet Rogon, UNRC



The Post-2015 Agenda Campaign continues...

Ndola/Kabwe/Kitwe, June 2014 --

About 3000 people of all age group

participated in the Post-2015 Agenda

second round of consultations, which

primarily focused on means and ways to

enhance accountability.

1. Local Comedian Kasaka talks about

responsibilities of youth in Post-2015.

2. A UN Volunteer conducting survey on

young people’s view on accountability

issues.

3. A pupil in Kitwe talks about his

aspirations for Zambia.

4. Kabwe dialogue with politicians and

civil society representatives.

5. Hon. James Kapyangam giving his

view on ways to improve accountability.

Photo: UNCG/Zambia/2014/Nonde,

Zanghar

1

2 3

4 5



8

A fter a year of intense work, an

‘Open Working Group’ of 70

UN Member States, drawing on

technical inputs from the UN system,

has produced a proposal for a set of

new Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs) to replace the MDGs at the

end of 2015. The vision is for the goals

to promote sustainable development

and poverty eradication. The proposal

has 17 goals and 169 targets.

The notion of ‘leaving no one behind’

is embedded across the framework,

with many of the targets aspiring to

zero (or full coverage). There is a

standalone goal on inequality within

and between countries – including

commitments to raise the incomes of

the bottom 40% faster than the

average, social protection systems,

and to make the migration process

more orderly and safe.

There is also a standalone goal on

gender inequality, including ending all

forms of violence, discrimination, child

marriages and female genital

mutilation. Environmental issues are

strongly represented, representing a

long sought marriage between the

‘development’ and ‘environment’

camps: climate change, marine and

land-based ecosystems, and

sustainable consumption and

production.

The inclusion of climate change

underpins the credibility of the new

agenda, and resonates with the UN’s

concerns that increasing climate

impacts could rapidly reverse

development gains. And, even more

remarkably, governments are – for the first time –

incorporating a goal and targets on governance and

peaceful societies, including potentially transformative

areas such as legal identity and birth registration, and

tackling corruption and bribery.

The fact that governments have agreed the new agenda

will be universal could be its most transformative

characteristic. Whereas the MDG agenda could be crudely

summarized as a commitment to tackle poverty backed up

a promise to provide Official Development Assistance, the

new SDG agenda is much more about challenges that are

common to all countries as well as challenges that are

shared by countries.

If respected, the principle of universality – in time – could

change the way that countries relate to each other, and

increasingly making the distinction between developed

and developing irrelevant.

The OWG proposal will be presented to Member States as a

background document for the opening of the 69th session

of the UN General Assembly. The Secretary General will

produce a ‘synthesis’ report before the end of 2014,

reflecting on all contributions to date. Formal negotiations

will commence after the release of the SG’s synthesis

report. The formal negotiations can be expected to re-visit

the SDG proposal, but will also deliver the political

declaration that will sit above the goals and targets – in

other words, the Post-2015 development agenda.

1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and

promote sustainable agriculture

3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-

long learning opportunities for all

5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and

sanitation for all

7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern

energy for all

8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full

and productive employment and decent work for all

9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable

industrialization and foster innovation

10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and

sustainable

12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine

resources for sustainable development

15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial

ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification,

and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable

development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,

accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global

partnership for development

Open Working Group recommends 17 Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) for the Post-2015

Proposed 17 Sustainable Development Goals



“P overty anywhere

constitutes a danger to

prosperity everywhere”.

The International Labour Organization

was created on the premise that

lasting peace can only be established

if it is based on social justice.

Labour is not a commodity and

freedom of expression and freedom of

association are essential to sustained

progress. Everyone - irrespective of

race, creed or sex - has the right to

pursue both material well-being and

spiritual development in conditions of

freedom and dignity, of economic

security and equal opportunity.

Achieving those conditions must be

the central aim of national policy -

and Zambia is well on its way.

Equal opportunity is a central

component of social justice: Zambia’s

impressive economic growth must be

translated into more opportunities for

larger parts of the population – in

particular the youth. The current

inequalities are just not sustainable

and constitute a growing risk of social

unrest.

Zambia needs to bridge the gap

between the many living on less than

a dollar a day and the few living on

thousands. How can the economic

growth become more inclusive? We

can learn from how others have

managed to reduce inequalities: the

Asian Tigers once were as unequal as

we are, but they embarked on a

deliberate long-term path towards

human development by investing

massively into education and

technical skills, health systems and

social protection. They also supported

research and technology, and

provided an enabling environment for

private sector development. We can

do the same, if we target the use of

the proceeds from the Foreign Direct

Investments into human development.

With greater investment in human

development and more focus on

education and employable skills,

more young people will be able to

benefit from new opportunities and

will be able to move from the informal

to the formal economy.

The Government has moved in the

right direction with the Industrialisation

and Job Creation Strategy, which is a

concrete and constructive step

towards creating jobs in agriculture,

tourism, construction and

manufacturing.

Investing in a stronger, more skilled

and productive labour force will

enable the nation to achieve high

growth rates and enable more people

to lift themselves out of poverty

through employment.

While embarking on strategies for job

creation, we also need to set up

systems that will enable us to measure

the quantity and quality of the new

jobs. What kind of jobs are being

created? Do they have decent

working conditions or are they the

usual informal and casual jobs? Are

there equal opportunities for women

and men? For the young and not so

young?

Another dimension of social justice is

the right to be consulted and listened

to, and in the world of work that is

called social dialogue. Industrial

harmony is a result of genuine

dialogue between the workers, the

employers and the Government.

An effective response is needed to

the challenge of industrial relations

across various economic sectors, in

particular in the Mining sector. The

freedom of collective bargaining is an

important principle that Zambia has

committed to by ratifying ILO

Convention 142 on Collective

Bargaining already back in 1986, so

collective agreements should be left

to the negotiating parties.

We cannot expect that higher

productivity and sustainable

development will come from

vulnerability. Zambia cannot build its

future development on

people’s vulnerability. It is

therefore essential that basic

social protection is available

to all. Social Protection is a

central pillar of the Decent

Work Agenda and a key

element in promoting

inclusive and sustainable

growth. Despite important

advancements, social

protection is still a distant

dream for the vast majority

of Zambian workers, given

that 90% of the workforce is

in the informal economy.

The UN will continue to

support the important initiatives

towards Zambia’s gradual

introduction of a Social Protection

Floor for all, such as the pension

reform and maternity benefits, and will

continue to support the Government

with the implementation of the new

National Social Protection Policy. I

commend the Government for its

commitment towards Decent Work,

and I call for continued efforts to

provide vocational skills for the youth

and to provide a policy environment

that enables the growth of small and

medium-sized enterprises, and the

protection of workers.

[By Martin Clemensson, Director

International Labour Organization for

Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique]

Decent Work For Social Justice and National Development



10

LUSAKA, July 2014 — In

collaboration with the

Government of Zambia,

three UN agencies – UNDP,

UNICEF and WFP – have

distributed 4.8 million

insecticide-treated nets

(ITNs) to 980 health centers

in six provinces.

As a large part of the

national mass distribution

plan, the Global Fund to

Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and

Malaria supported the

procurement and delivery

of the ITNs. The UNDP as the

Principal Recipient of

Global Funds grants,

ensured the programme's

successful design,

implementation and

monitoring. This also meant

contracting UNICEF to

head the procurement and

manufacturing of the ITNs in

nearby Tanzania. WFP took

responsibility of transporting

the nets to the health

centres once they arrived

in Zambia.

Delivering millions of ITNs

across thousands of kilometres comes

with its challenges. Complex supply

chains, challenging roads conditions

and remote locations could have

hampered delivery efforts in Zambia,

however, through close collaboration

with partners and a sound logistics

plan, these obstacles were overcome.

One example of this included setting-

up a network of eight in-country

storage hubs, based in six provinces.

These were managed by WFP-

contracted staff and supervised by

inspectors, whereby the ITNs could

easily be dispatched to individual

districts according to a pre-planned

schedule. In addition, local transporters

were also employed by WFP for each

province, lending essential local

knowledge and guaranteeing a

successful land transport operation.

Between mid-April and the beginning

of August, 100% of ITNs had been

dispatched by UNICEF from Arusha,

Tanzania, and delivered by WFP to

health centres across Zambia. To

ensure that the entire project ran

smoothly, staff from UNDP, UNICEF and

WFP worked together closely,

contributing to on-time ITN deliveries.

From the health centers, the Churches

Health Association of Zambia (CHAZ)

and the Ministry of Health are

organizing door-to-door distributions to

ensure that each household is

personally delivered the right number

of ITNs. Health workers and volunteers

from the communities are coming

together to support the distribution,

whereby the Government of Zambia

aims to provide universal coverage of

bed spaces.

The Government of Zambia has plan to

distribute nine million ITNs in all ten

provinces in its effort to control and

prevent malaria.

According to 2013 Millennium

Development Goals Progress Report of

Zambia, three children continue to die

of Malaria every day although Zambia

was making significant progress in

reducing malaria prevalence among

under 5 children from 16.1 per cent in

2010 to 14.3 per cent in 2012.

On average, each Zambian

household had two mosquito nets, and

68 per cent of households had at least

one mosquito net. It is commendable

to note that the mosquito net

coverage is higher among rural

households, the poor, women and

children under 5. Despite this progress,

half of women population (49 per

cent) and over half of men (53 per

cent) do not sleep under the treated

nets in Zambia.

[ By Andrew Jackson, WFP]

WFP, UNDP, UNICEF collaborate to distribute 4.8 million

mosquito nets (ITNs) to 980 Health Centre’s across Zambia.

Chomo insecticide-treated net storage hub, Southern Province.

Photo: WFP/Zambia/2014/Edita Nichols



W ith significant achievements in

life expectancy, education and

Gross National Income (GNI) per

capita in past years, Zambia has risen into

the medium human development

category, according to the UNDP 2014

Human Development Report, “Sustaining

Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities

and Building Resilience”. The report shows

that the levels in human development

worldwide continue to rise, although the

pace has slowed for all regions and

progress has been highly uneven.

Between 1980 and 2013, Zambia’s Human

Development Index (HDI) value increased

from 0.422 to 0.561, positioning the country

at 141 out of 187 countries and territories.

In spite of this progress, Zambia, like many

other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, still

has high levels of inequality, according to

the Coefficient on Human Inequality.

When Zambia’s HDI value of 0.561 is

discounted for inequality, it falls to 0.365.

In addition, 62.8% of the population is multi

-dimensionally poor – meaning that such

households suffer overlapping and non-

income deprivations in education, health

and living standards. A further 18.7% of

the population is at risk of falling back into

poverty. These particular groups often do

not experience improvements in their

standard of living even when there is an

overall national improvement because

they have limited political participation,

livelihood options and access to basic

social services. Even when they do

escape poverty, they can easily relapse

into poverty when crises hit.

The UNDP Gender Inequality Index (GII)

reflects gender-based inequalities in three

dimensions – reproductive health,

empowerment, and economic activity.

Zambia has a GII value of 0.611, ranking

the country 133 out of 149 countries in the

2013 index. This high-level of gender

inequalities arise, in part, because only

11.5% of parliamentary seats are held by

women and only 25.7% of adult Zambian

women have reached at least a

secondary level of education compared

to 44.2% of Zambian men. For every

100,000 live births, 440 women die from

pregnancy-related causes; and the

adolescent birth rate is 125.4 births per

1000 live births. Female participation in the

labour market is 73.2% compared to 85.7%

for men, according to the 2014 HDR.

These disparities affect individuals or even

entire communities over a lifespan, based

on gender, geographic location and

other factors. For example, the Report

shows that despite sub-Saharan Africa

having the second highest rate of

progress in the HDI between 2000 and

2013, it also has the world’s highest

disparities in health and considerable

gender inequalities.

Noting the vulnerability can accumulate

over the course of a lifetime, the report

calls on countries to address both systemic

and structural vulnerabilities. The first type,

systematic vulnerability, reveals certain

categories of people exposed to fragility

in different ways, at different times,

throughout their lives. These include

children, adolescents, young people,

women, older people and those

permanently caught in the poverty trap.

For Zambia: the MDG Report 2013 showed

that rural poverty in Zambia is four times

that in the urban areas - in Human

Development terms, this represents

location-related vulnerability; likewise,

poverty is highest among female-headed

households - reflecting gender-based

vulnerability; and that around 89 of every

1000 children born will not live to see their

fifth birthday, which reflects demographic

vulnerability.

The second type, structural vulnerability,

relates to weakness of institutions and

policies at all levels: global, regional,

national and local. Structural vulnerability

means that institutions and policies are not

yet fully effective at ensuring social

participation or inclusion in development

processes. To ensure that governments

are able to address issues of persistent

vulnerability, the Report calls for national

policies that: ensure the universal provision

of basic social services, especially in

education and health; and strengthen

social protection, including

unemployment insurance, pension

programmes and labour market

regulation. To produce and implement

such policies there is a need for institutions

that are: responsive to the development

needs of the population; aware of the

vulnerable groups; able to respond

effectively to this vulnerability; and able to

build a wider capacity to prepare for and

recover from crises.

Policies to maximise people’s future

opportunities should pay particular

attention to specific periods in life. Such

policies would require investing in early

childhood services, youth employment

and support for older people. Preventing

shocks and promoting opportunities for all

can effectively help reduce vulnerabilities

and build resilience. Such focus on

resilience is highly relevant to the on-going

discussions on the Post-2015 Agenda and

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),

which are to replace the Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs). The aim that

we should 'Leave No-one Behind' means

that action is needed to tackle persistent

vulnerability and to boost resilience at the

level of the individual as well as of society.

Measures to create equal access to jobs,

healthcare and education have an

important role to play in promoting

sustainable and equitable development.

The Report reveals that 77% of the

population in sub-Saharan African

countries in vulnerable employment,

many of them youths. It is therefore,

important for such countries, including

Zambia, to adopt full employment policies

and promote employment-intensive

economic growth, while paying special

attention to the quality and security of the

jobs created.

Tackling persistent vulnerability is key to sustain human progress

‘Leaving No One Behind’ in the Post-2015

Trend in Zambia’s Human Development Index Component indices 1980-2013



12


Commemoration in memory

of victims of the Holocaust

Lusaka, 27 January — The 2014

observance of the


Commemoration in memory of

the victims of the Holocaust

was centered on the theme

“Journeys through the

Holocaust”. This theme

recalled the various journeys

taken during this dark period,

from deportation to

incarceration to freedom, and

how this experience

transformed the lives of those

who endured it. Remembered

were the stories of pain and

suffering, yet ultimately also of

triumph and renewal, serving as a

guiding force for future generations.

With support of the United Nations

Information Centre, commemoration

event in Zambia was observed by

screening a film called, “The Path to

Nazi Genocide”.

International Women’s Day

Lusaka, 8 March — Zambia

celebrated International Women’s

Day with the theme: “Equality for

Women is Progress for All”. Achieving

equality for women and girls is

important not simply because it is a

matter of fairness and fundamental

human rights, but because progress in

so many other areas depends on it. “It

is evident that equality for women

and girls means progress for all. This

simple fact must be central as we

work to accelerate progress towards

the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) by 2015 deadline, and design

an ambitious agenda for the Post-

2015,” said Martin Clemensson, the UN

Resident Coordinator a.i in Zambia.

World Health Day

Lusaka, 7 April — “Everyone has a role

to play in the fight against vector-

borne diseases – international

organizations, governments, the

private sector, civil society,

community groups and individuals.

On this World Health Day, I urge

countries and development partners

to make vector control a priority,” said

the Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon in

his message on the World Health Day

that was marked with an emphasis to

work more on vector borne diseases.

World Malaria Day

Lusaka, 25 April, Global efforts to

control and eliminate malaria have

saved an estimated 3.3 million lives

since 2000, reducing malaria mortality

rates by 42% globally and 49% in

Africa. In 2014, the World Malaria Day

was marked with a theme: “Invest in

the future: Defeat malaria”. The UN

urged the regional and national

leadership to maintain their

commitment to provide universal

access to malaria interventions and

end disability and deaths caused by

the disease.

International Labour Day

Lusaka, 1 May — Zambia celebrated

Labor Day with a theme “Zambia at

50: creating decent work and

promoting socio-economic justice for

national development.” The United

Nations in Zambia marked the day

noting the fact that equal opportunity

is a central component of social

justice: Zambia’s impressive economic

growth must be translated into more

opportunities for larger parts of the

population – in particular the youth.

The current inequalities are

just not sustainable and

constitute a growing risk of

social unrest.

World Press Freedom Day

Lusaka, 3 May — The

World Press Freedom Day

was celebrated

encouraging all people

worldwide to defend the

fundamental freedom of

the press for a better

future. Zambian

journalists marked the

day with a theme:

“Media Freedom for a

Better Future: Shaping

the Post-2015

Development Agenda”. “The UN

General Assembly has

unequivocally condemned all

attacks and violence against

journalists and media workers,

wherever they are,” recalled the UN

Secretary General, Ban Ki-Moon in

his message on 2014 World Press

Freedom Day.

International Day of UN

Peacekeepers

Lusaka, 29 May — The United Nations

joined the Government of Zambia in

commemorating the International Day

of UN Peacekeepers. “This year

Zambia celebrates not only its Golden

Jubilee as an independent country,

but also 50 years as a member state of

the United Nations. Throughout those

five decades, Zambia has played an

exemplary role in promoting and

protecting peace,” said the UN

Resident Coordinator, Ms. Janet

Rogan. She added, “Zambia has

accepted many thousands of

ordinary men, women and children

fleeing their own countries in fear of

their lives. Zambians have also

generously gone far beyond your own

borders in the service of peace:

Zambian military, police and civilian

experts have served, and are serving

this very day, in many peacekeeping

missions around the world.”

UN Observances in brief

UN Staff join the march on International Women’s Day in the

Showground. Photo:UNCG/Zambia/2014/Zanghar



World Environment Day

Lusaka, 5 June — The World

Environment Day with a special

theme “Raise your Voice not

Greenhouse Gases, and Protect

Environment”. was commemorated

with activities around Lusaka. The UN

The UN Zambia partnered in

partnership with Standard Chartered

Bank organized a series of activities.

The main activity was tree planting

exercise in Hero’s National Stadium

which saw participation of various

government ministries, UN staff and

private sector representatives.

World Day Against Child Labour

Lusaka, 12 June — World Day

Against Child Labour was marked by

drawing attention to the role of social

protection in keeping children out of

child labour and removing them from

it. According to International Labour

Organisation, “Social protection is

both a human right and makes sound

economic and social sense. Social

protection enables access to

education, health care and nutrition

and plays a critical role in the fight

against child labour.” The World Day

2014 called for: a) Action to

introduce, improve and extend social

protection, in line with the ILO

Recommendation No. 202 on social

protection floors; b) National social

security systems that are sensitive to

children’s needs and help fight child

labour; and c) Social protection that

reaches out to especially vulnerable

groups of children.

World Refugee Day

Lusaka, 20 June — World Refugee

Day is held every year on June 20. It is

a special day when the world takes

time to recognize the resilience of

forcibly displaced people throughout

the world. In Zambia, the World

Refugee Day was commemorated

under the theme continued from last

year: “One refugee without hope is

one too many: working towards a

new life”. Various events, including a

fund raising dinner, were organized in

Lusaka. The main event was held in

Meheba refugee camp near Solwezi.

Zambia currently hosts some 51,000

refugees and others of concern,

mostly from Angola, the Democratic

Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi,

Somalia and Uganda.

UN International Day in Support of

Victims of Torture

Lusaka, 26th June — "I urge States

that have not yet done so to ratify the

Convention against Torture, which this

year marks 30 years since its

adoption. As we honour the victims

on this International Day, let us

pledge to strengthen our efforts to

eradicate this heinous practice,” said

the UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-

Moon in his 2014 message on

International Day in support of Victims

of Torture. In Zambia, the day was

marked with a theme: ‘Fighting

Impunity”.

[Compiled by Taonga M’shanga,

RCO/UNV]

UN Observances in brief

World Refugee Day march.

UNHCR/Zambia/2014/Kelvin Shimo



14

LUSAKA, July 2014 — Esnart Siandavu, 49,

engages with enthusiasm in a group

discussion of farmers on how to grow

better crops.

Over the past 10 years, Esnart’s village of

Muyumbela in Southern Zambian has

been prone to extreme weather events

such as floods and droughts. Crops and

cattle have been destroyed, eliminating

important sources of food and revenue

and impacting the ability of families to

send their children to school.

“Poor crop performance and low yields as

a result of drought is key problem of

farmers,” Esnart says. “Families of many

farmers run out of food between February

and March the following year until they

are able to harvest new crops.”

To cope such adverse climatic impact,

Esnart and another 2,000 farmers, 800 of

them women, have organized themselves

into ‘self-help groups’ and embraced

conservation farming to increase their

productivity while diversifying crops and

livestock. Such self-help community-

groups in eight districts have been

receiving support from United Nations

Development Programme (UNDP), and

the Zambian Government through a US$

3.9 million project. Smallholder farmers of

the ‘self-help community groups’ have

been trained in sustainable farming

techniques, which as a result has helped

many women to become beekeepers.

Many others are now using

improved methods to

produce new crops such as

rice, sorghum, peas,

sunflowers and sweet

potatoes. Young people

have opted to learn

horticulture, and they are

growing onions, tomatoes

and watermelons.

The communities have also

learnt to conserve rainwater

by building terraces on

sloped-land and to improve

soil moisture retention and

reduce erosion. They are

using small dams to retain silt.

With UNDP’s support, 16 weather stations

have been constructed. Farmers have

also been trained by Zambia’s

Metrological Department, to measure air

and soil temperature, humidity, wind

speed, rainfall and solar radiation. The

trained farmers advise their communities

on what crops to plant at specific times of

the year. “My yields have now increased

substantially since after we adopted

conservation farming method,” Esnart

said. “We now have enough food

throughout the year,” added Patricia

Munwela, another conservation farmer.

In this part of rural Zambia, areas that

were previously flooded and were

thought to be useless are now being used

for rice production to supplement the

traditional maize staple crop. Women,

who have limited knowledge about land

tenure rights, including about land access,

ownership and control, are now growing

rice with record harvest.

Women’s engagement in conservation

farming has not only led to income

generation for their families, but it has

increased women’s decision making role

at household level and in farming

operations through farmers’ group. A

total of 4,530 households are benefitting

currently, and 1.2 million small-scale

farmers are to be reached by 2017.

[By Moses Zanghar, UNDP]

Zambian women in conservation farming

Esnart Siandavu is one of those women farmer who have

changed from traditional farming methods to a new and

productive way of farming.

Photo: UNDP/Zambia/2014/Zanghar

LUSAKA, Zambia, July 2014 –

Hundreds of stakeholders gathered in

Lusaka to find ways of curbing child

marriage in Zambia, a country where

an estimated 42 per cent of girls

marry before their 18th birthdays.

UNICEF Zambia participated in the

child marriage symposium as part of

the United Nations team which is

supporting Government in its

campaign to end child marriages,

“Let Girls be Girls, Not Brides.”

Zambia’s First Lady Dr. Christine

Kaseba officially opening the event.

During the event, the Government of

Canada announced it was providing

UNICEF Zambia with US$1.58 million

in new funding to combat child

marriage. “A big thank you to the

Government of Canada for this

generous contribution to improving

the well-being of girls in Zambia and

addressing a serious child rights

violation,” said UNICEF Zambia

Officer-in-Charge Dr. Luula M.

Mariano.

The symposium was convened by

the Ministry of Chiefs and Traditional

Affairs with the objectives of

consolidating the movement to end

child marriage; share progress,

success and challenges so far made

in ending child marriage; and

stimulate coordination and build

synergies.

Visiting United Kingdom Secretary of

State for International Development

Justine Greening pledged her

government’s commitment to

supporting Zambia’s fight against

child marriage. UN Resident

Coordinator, Janet Rogan said that

child marriage robs girls of

opportunities in education and

health.

The symposium was attened by

Zambian Government, USAID, UKAID,

the Government of Canada, UNFPA,

UNAIDS, WHO World Bank, the Graca

Machel Trust, the University of

Zambia, and the YWCA. Chief

Ntambu of the Lund speaking People

of Mwinilunga, North-Western

Province, who is the national

champion on ending child marriage,

spoke at the opening ceremony and

cited the country’s dual legal system

as one of the major challenges in

fighting child marriage.

[ Based on UNICEF’s Press Statement]

Zambia hosts symposium to end child marriage



LUKULU June, 2014 – More rural

women in Zambia are accessing

health services through a UN Joint

Programme aimed to improved

maternal and child health.

Olivia Kaunda calls Luvuzi Rural Health

Centre in Lukulu Distrisct, Western

Province her home since she arrived

there in early June. The 34 year old is

eight-month pregnant, and will

give birth after a few weeks. She

has been admitted to a ‘waiting

shelter’ of the health centre this

early (than that of her delivery

date) because she lives miles

away from the Luvuzi Health

Centre. Like Olivia, many rural

women live very far away from

a health facility. Such long

distances often prevent women

from giving birth with skilled birth

attendants, leading to high risk

of maternal death.

Secondly, lack of information

about available facility among

rural population prevents rural

women accessing appropriate

health care. Safe Motherhood

Action Groups (or SMAGs as

they are known locally) have

taken responsibility of informing

rural women about the new

’waiting shelter’ facility in health

centers in rural areas. The SMAGs aim

to educate rural women and girls

about maternal and neonatal issues,

including the importance of delivering

at health facilities rather than at

home. The SMAGs also work to

increase men’s involvement in

reproductive health and safe

motherhood.

“I was referred to the Luvuzi Health

Centre by one of the SMAG members

who visited my village,” said Olivia. “I

delivered my four other children at

home, but this time I decided to go to

a health centre because I have learnt

that it reduces life-threatening

complications when giving birth.”

The Luvuzi SMAG was formed in 2012

by the Lukulu District Health Office

with support from the H4+ Programme,

a joint effort by UN agencies,

including UNAIDS UNFPA, UNICEF, UN

Women, and WHO, the World Bank

and the government. Serving a

population of 4,485 people, the Luvuzi

SMAG has 17 members, who act as

the primary link between families and

the health centre. They refer patients

to the facility and call an ambulance

when there is an emergency. The

maternity waiting shelter has also

benefited from a recent facelift.

“Sometime back, when I escorted my

friend to deliver her baby, the shelter

had a leaking roof, there was no

electricity and no doors,” Olivia

recalls. “But when I came this time

around, I found it is clean, welcoming,

and they have even provided

mosquito nets for us.”

These improvements are mirrored by

the number of safe deliveries taking

place in there: three years ago, the

facility delivered about eight babies a

month; today, it averages 18. It is

noteworthy that zero maternal death

recorded in the past two years.

“Before Luvuzi SMAG was formed, a

lot of women used to deliver at home.

We also used to see a lot of our

women dying during childbirth,”

recalls Beauty Muchelekwa, a

member of the Luvuzi District group.

“Now, we are proud to say we’ve had

no maternal death in our villages for

the past two years!”

The H4+ programme has also had a

positive impact on the health

practices of communities throughout

the district. “Since we started our

group, we have noticed that families

have adopted more hygienic

practices with infants,” says John

Mwewa, another member of the

Luvuzi SMAG. “We see

more men escorting

their wives to antenatal

check-ups; women are

booking early for giving

birth at the facility and

more women are

requesting family

planning commodities.”

An ambulance

donated by the H4+

Programme group has

had a particularly

significant impact on

operations,

accelerating the

referral system,

especially during

emergencies. “We

used to have to [hitch]

hike by the roadside,”

John said. “It was very

difficult because

sometimes we would stand there for

hours. The ambulance has resolved

this problem of transporting a patient

in an emergency.”

Under the H4+ Programme in the last

six months, the SMAG supported the

distribution of 600 ‘mama packs’

containing cloth diapers, diaper

fasteners, a traditional chitenge cloth,

bath soap and a baby hat; and it

referred to 90 women to the Luvuzi

facility.

It is visible that the H4+ joint

programme, launched in 2012 with

financial support of Canada, has

made significant changes in the lives

of communities, building on national

efforts to achieve MDG targets on

maternal health.

[By Precious Zandonda, UNFPA]

Joint Programme, aimed at achieving MDG target,

supporting rural mothers to receive health care

Nurse Florence, (right) one of the SMAG members, helping pregnant

mother Olivia (left) to board an ambulance donated by H4+, on her

way to the Luvuzi Clinic.



16

WHO Representative, Dr.

Babaniyi bade farewell to the

UN Country Team in Zambia

on 31st July 2014 on

retirement. Dr. Olusegun

Babaniyi qualified as a

medical doctor in Nigeria in

1976. In the last thirteen years

he was working with the World

Health Organization in various

countries including Nigeria,

Tanzania, Ethiopia Zimbabwe

and Zambia. As a senior

technical staff of the WHO, his

assignments included;

Vaccine Preventable Diseases

(VPD) activities in the Africa Region. He served as WHO

Representative in Ethiopia and Zambia since 2003.

UN Country Team in Zambia

Welcome and Farewell!

UNAIDS Country Director, Ms.

Medhin Tsehaiu began her

appointment in Lusaka in

August, 2014. She joined the

UNAIDS in 2011 to become

the first UNAIDS Country

Coordinator for South Sudan.

She has extensive experience

in various capacities working

in different areas, including

health sector reform, youth

development, women

empowerment, and HIV

activism in her country,

Ethiopia. Prior to joining

UNAIDS, Tsehaiu worked with

the Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia as Chief of Staff

and subsequently as Director General of the Office of the

Minister of Health.

Human Rights Adviser at the

Resident Coordinator’s

Office Ms. Maria Soledad

Pazo joined the UN Zambia

team in June 2014. She has

over 14 years of work

experience in the field

of human rights and

international law in

Argentina Kosovo,

Afghanistan and

Iraq. Additionally, She was

part of the OHCHR Rule of Law and Democracy Section

in Geneva. With such extensive experience, Mari-sol (as

she likes to be called) will assist the UN Country Team to

Human Rights Based Programming and will provide

advisory support on rights issues.

UN Resident Coordinator and

UNDP Resident Representative,

Ms. Janet Rogan began her

assignment in Lusaka in March,

2014. Before taking up her

current role as the UN Resident

Coordinator, she has served for

26 years in the United Kingdom

Diplomatic Service. During this

period, she has closely worked

with the United Nations on

international development and

institutional reform issues. She is

committed to ensure the UN System’s support will

contribute to Zambia’s sustainable development

priorities, including reducing poverty, equitable access

to health and other services, and respect for the rule of

law and for human rights according to the Universal

Declaration, whose beautiful wording continues to

inspire us all.

Acting World Health

Organisation Country

Representative, Professor Jean-

Marie Dangou arrived in

Lusaka, Zambia the 3rd August

2014. Dr. Dangou is working for

the WHO at the Regional

Office for Africa in Brazzaville

since 2007. He was Regional

Advisor for Cancer Prevention

and Control.

Before joining WHO, Jean-

Marie Dangou held various

positions on the academia

and the Ministry of health of Senegal. He is a Medical

Doctor, specialized in Histopathology, Cytology and

UNAIDS Country Director,

Helen Frary took up her

appointment in Lusaka in

March, 2012. After two

years of services, she bade

bade farewell to UN in

Zambia in July, 2014 to

assume higher

responsibilities in UNAIDS

Geneva. Prior to her

appointment, Ms Frary

served for six years as Chief

of Governance and

Multilateral Affairs in UNAIDS Headquarters in Geneva.

Her responsibilities in this role included managing global

governance mechanisms to

promote the objectives of the AIDS response and the

relationships between UNAIDS' key stakeholders (UNAIDS

Cosponsors, Member States and civil society).

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