Nutritional AssessmentBODY MASS INDEX RESULTS INTERPRETATIONBy Pearlie Jay Joson, RND

ESSENTIAL DATAS:

• HEIGHT• WEIGHT• AGE• GENDER

TOTAL BODY WATER:

TBW • Intracellular Water - indicates the amount of water

within the cellular membrane. • Extracellular indicates the total amount of water in

the interstitial fluid and blood.

DRY LEAN MASS - PROTEIN/MINERALS

Dry Lean Mass is the total body mass minus the water and the fat mass. It is composed primarily of proteins and mineral. • Protein is solid in body cells, comprised of polymers

of organic compounds, including nitrogen, and is a major component of muscle. Protein is directly related to intracellular water. A lack of protein can be indicative of poor nutrition.

BODY FAT MASS:

•indicates the total quantity of lipids that can be extracted from fat and all other cells. BIA technology does not directly measure Body Fat Mass, but is determined as being the remaining poundage value after subtracting Lean Body Mass from the total body weight.

• Body Fat Mass is found stored under the skin, in visceral areas, and between muscles.

BODY MASS INDEX

• BMI an index used to determine obesity by using height and weight.

• The BMI method has been widely relied on in general medicine, dietary, and sports medicine fields as the main means of diagnosing obesity. However, this method is flawed in that it cannot be applied to adults with high levels of LBM, children, those over the age of 65, or pregnant females.

BMI RANGES:

BMI Rating Rating Status

- 18.5 Underweight

18.5—24.9 Normal

25.0—29.9 Overweight

30.0 + Obese

BMI Rating Health Risk

19—24 Minimal

25—26 Low

27—29 Moderate

30—34 High

35—39 Very High

40 + Extremely High

BODY MASS INDEX CHART

BASAL METABOLIC RATE:

• BMR indicates the minimum energy required to sustain vital functions while at rest.

• Lean Mass is the largest plays a significant role in disease risk/prevention due to its function in health and functional mobility for those of older age.

• Daily activities and exercise increase BMR by approximately 15%. BMR helps you establish just how many calories your body needs in a day to achieve proper energy balance.

WAIST-HIP RATIO:

• Where you store fat can be a predictor of health risk.• The waist-to-hip (WTH) ratio is a common measure

of fat distribution. Your WTH ratio can help you track your weight loss progress, while also serving as a warning about your estimated health risk for problems related to being overweight, such as diabetes, stroke and heart disease

BODY FATSWHY DO I NEED TO MONITOR MY BODY FAT?• We all need some body fat to be healthy. It's vital for basic body

functions like regulating body temperature, storing vitamins and cushioning joints and organs.

• But too much fat can damage your health and could put you at greater risk of developing serious medical conditions. Excess body fat is known to contribute to heart disease, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and some forms of cancer.

• Too little body fat may lead to osteoporosis in later years, irregular periods in women and possible infertility. Over an extended period of time, this can lead to other health risks such as the loss of bone mass.

VISCERAL FATSVisceral Fat (Abdominal Fat) is the fat that surrounds the vital organs on the trunk / stomach area of the body. • High Visceral Fat levels increase the risk of high blood

pressure, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Lowering Visceral Fat levels can stabilize insulin action substantially, and reduce the risk of diabetes and other related illnesses.

• Body fat is not always visible to the naked eye. You may have an acceptable weight and figure, but could still be carrying more body fat than you think.

• Weight alone cannot distinguish between the pounds that come from body fat and those that come from lean body tissue, such as muscle and bone.

• Reducing excess body fat will help you improve your body shape and appearance. You'll feel better, look better and enjoy a better, fitter quality of life.

Physique Rating

Assesses muscle and body fat levels and rates the result as one of nine body types.

• As a person increases their activity levels, their weight may not change but their balance of body fat and muscle may alter which will change the user's overall physique.

The Physique Rating on Tanita Body Composition Monitors offers the user the opportunity to track their Physique as they follow their health / fitness programme.

According to body fat and muscle mass levels the Monitor will assess your physique into the following categories.

Muscle MassThe predicted weight of muscle in your body.

• Muscle mass includes the skeletal muscles, smooth muscles such as cardiac and digestive muscles and the water contained in these muscles. Muscles act as an engine in consuming energy.

As your muscle mass increases, the rate at which you burn energy (calories) increases which accelerates your basal metabolic rate (BMR) and helps you reduce excess body fat levels and lose weight in a healthy way.

A high level of muscle mass can reduce the risk developing diabetes in adulthood. More skeletal muscle means more insulin receptor sites, which help with the uptake and regulation of glucose (sugar) deposited in the bloodstream after eating. 80% of glucose uptake occurs in skeletal muscle so the more there is, the easier it is for the body to regulate insulin levels and minimize excess fat.

In the elderly, muscle mass is particularly important for maintaining mobility, supporting the joints and in maintaining good balance, thereby helping to minimize the risk of falls and fractures. A good or high level of muscle mass is also fast becoming recognized as a key indicator for longevity. Muscle tissue naturally declines with age. A person can lose up to 50% of their muscle mass between the ages of 20 and 90 – another reason why it is important to keep muscle mass levels within the healthy range at every life stage.

BONE MASSThe estimated weight of bone mineral in your body.

This result is reached through statistical calculation based on research findings that there is a close correlation with bone weight and FFM (Fat Free Mass).

While your bone mass is unlikely to undergo noticeable changes in the short term, it’s important to maintain healthy bones by having a balanced diet rich in calcium and by doing plenty of weight-bearing exercise. You should track your bone mass over time and look for any long term changes.

You may refer to the following estimated result of bone masses of persons aged 20 to 40 as a guide to compare your bone mass reading.

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