what were the short and long term effects of the civil war?
TRANSCRIPT
WHAT WERE THE SHORT AND LONG TERM EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR?
IF YOU LIVED IN ONE OF THESE CITIES, WHAT
WOULD YOU BE THINKING?
Richmond, VA
Richmond, VA
Charleston, SC
Atlanta
What attitudes might each side have after the Civil War?
• North• South
QUESTION??
• What was Lincoln’s original reason for war with the seceded southern states?
•UNION
FACT!• With Gettysburg, the Union starts
winning battles• Lincoln starts planning for after
the war• What do we call this plan?• RECONSTRUCTION
• • •
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Bullet points pg. 565
Read pgs. 544-549
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THE GOVERNMENT TRIED TO SOLVE KEY PROBLEMS FACING THE NATION AFTER THE CIVIL WAR
Ch 16 Sec 1
How to restore the United States?
• Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan
• Wade-Davis Bill
Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan
• December 1863• Lincoln wanted to make it easy for the
southern states to rejoin the Union• To join the Union:
– 10% of voters swear loyalty oath– Voters organize new state Gov’t – Gov’t must declare an end to slavery– Then, state could send members to Congress– Amnesty for Confederates who swear loyalty
Wade-Davis Bill
• Mid 1864• Congress passed stricter plan• To join the Union:
– 50% of voters swear loyalty oath – Anyone who voluntarily fought for Confederacy
could not vote for delegates• Believed a strict plan would keep the people
who had led the South into secession from regaining power
Which plan is better? Take a vote!
10% PlanWade-Davis Bill
With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us
strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to
care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his
orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace
among ourselves and with all nations.
Results
• Lincoln refused to sign the Wade-Davis bill because it did not give volunteer Confederate soldiers the right to vote
• Lincoln hoped for a peaceful Reconstruction, but he would not get the chance to put his plans into practice.
Freedmen’s Bureau
March 1865• Emergency relief to displaced
persons• Schools for freedmen
Northern black and white female teachers
• Courts to deal with freedmen issues
PROBLEM
Lincoln Murdered
• April 14, 1865 • Shot by Confederate sympathizer
John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington
• 5 days after Lee’s surrender
What impact will Lincoln’s death
have on the nation?
We have a new President
• Lincoln wanted the southern states back in the Union quickly
• President Johnson followed Lincoln’s example
• What did others think?
• • •
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Bullet points pg. 565
Read pgs. 552-557
I can understand how disagreements over Reconstruction led to conflict in government and in the South
Ch 16 Sec 2
Time Line• 1865 – Freedmans Bureau• Jan 1865 – 13th Amendment banning
slavery• April 9,1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant• April 14, 1865 – Lincoln shot• April 15, 1865 – Johnson sworn in
What happened
• Johnson grants amnesty to former confederates
• Southern states allowed reorganize and elect representatives to Congress
• Forced to ratify 13th Amendment
OOPS
• Congress said NO!• Refused to seat new delegates• Created a committee to come up
with plan
•Secretary of War Stanton doesn’t tell Johnson about clemency plea for Mary Surratt
•She is hung with other Lincoln conspirators
Black Codes• Congress learns of
southern black codes- No vote- No jury duty- Court ordered
slavery(Miss)
• Congress is angry!!• Republicans control Congress• Radical Republicans gain strength
Goals
• Radical republicans have 2 goals
1. Prevent former confederates from controlling southern politics2. Protect freedmen and guarantee them the vote
Actions
• Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1866.- Citizenship to African Americans- Guaranteed civil rights to all (except Native Americans)
• Extends life of Freedmen’s Bureau
Johnson says VETO!!
Congress over rides veto!
Not everyone is happy.
More Action
• Congress creates 14th Amendment• Wants to make sure Supreme Court does
not get rid of Civil Rights Act.(REMEMBER DRED SCOTT)
• Approved in 1868• Radical Republicans take over
Reconstruction
Radical Reconstruction
• Violent 1866 electionsMemphis and New Orleans
White rioters and police• 1867 – Radical Republicans had
support for, “HARD RECONSTRUCTION”
1867 Reconstruction Act• If refused to ratify 14th Amendment,
removed state government• Installed military government• To get back in Union, must
1. Write new Constitution2. Ratify 14th Amendment3. Allow black vote
Hard Reconstruction• Soldiers register southern blacks• AL – FL – SC – LA – MISS majority
black• 1868, Republicans won all southern
states• States wrote new constitutions• Congress seats reps from 7 states
New roles
• Blacks play new roles in southern politics
Sheriffs, mayors, judges, legislators
• 1872-1901, 16 blacks in House of Reps.
• 2 Senators
Reconstruction Accomplishments
• Public schools• Fairer taxes• Fairer voting• Female property rights• Rebuilt infrastructure
2 Reconstruction views• MUCH GOOD
ACCOMPLISHED• Public schools• Fairer taxes• Fairer voting• Female property
rights• Rebuilt
infrastructure
• Some Problems• Corruption• Excessive
spending
CHANGES
• Old Southern politicians lost power• Republicans over Democrats
- Supported by southern secession opponents
- Freedmen- Northerners who went south
Perceptions
•People in North saw progress
Perceptions• People in south saw
SCALAWAGS – Southerners who were opposed to secession and stayed in the south to the end
Freedmen
REMEMBER• Edwin Stanton – Secretary of War
who did not give clemency papers to Pres. Johnson?
• Pres. Johnson fired him• House of Reps impeached him• Senate found him NOT GUILTY
RESULTS
• Johnson did not get re-elected• 1868 - New President, Ulysses S.
GrantWas not a Radical Republican
• Radicals start to lose power as Grant was not radical
15th Amendment
• 1869 – 15th Amendment guaranteed the right to vote to black males.
• Weak amendment as it did not stop poll taxes (finally banned, 1964, 24th Amendment
Southern Response
• Some southerners responded with violence.
CAUTION – THE NEXT SLIDE IS GRAPHIC WITH AN ACTUAL PICTURE OF A LYNCHING. IF YOU HAVE A WEAK STOMACH OR OBJECT TO GRAPHIC PICTURES OF HOMICIDE, TURN YOUR HEAD IN 3-2-1.
• • •
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Bullet points pg 565 Read pgs. 558-563
Ch 16 Sec 3
• I CAN UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION
Self Rule
• Grants wins again in 1872• Corruption continues – Grant not
involved• Republicans start to lose power• Democrats take control• States return to full rights
1876
• Republican Hayes elected President• Hayes promises to keep
Reconstruction• Vote thrown to House of Reps• Hayes privately agrees to end Recon• Does so when elected
Blacks lose rights
• As Democrats take over in states- Poll tax- Literacy tests- Jim Crow laws – Segregation
• Plessy v Ferguson – allowed Separate but equal
Cycle of Poverty
• Some teachers, lawyers, preachers
• Most had menial jobs• Sharecropping
see page 560-561
Southern Industrial Growth
• Southern Industry grew slow• Example –
A man from Georgia died.- He was buried in a pine casket
from Cincinnati- The nails in his coffin came from Pittsburg but there was an iron
mine in Georgia
Industrial Growth• South had natural resources
- Iron- Timber- Oil
• South had crops• New factories and manufacturing• Cotton no longer king