• What were the legacies of the early English monarchs?

• How did the actions of the early monarchs shape the development of Parliament?

• How did the actions of the early monarchs impact European conflict?

NORMAN KINGS1066-1154

WILLIAM I (THE CONQUEROR)r. 1066 - 1087

• First of the Norman kings• Was the Duke of Normandy, and

second cousin to Edward the Confessor, who supposedly promised the English throne to William

• Edward died in 1066, causing a hasty coronation of Harold II (Edward’s brother-in-law) who had been chosen by a council.

• This prompted William’s conquest of England, ending with Harold’s death and defeat at Hastings in 1066

William I’s Legacies

• Subdued his realm—put down rebellions and challenges to his rule

• Created new laws and enforced old (Saxon) ones

• Domesday book (1086)— meant to max. tax revenues, aid in admin.

Tapestry of the Battle of Hastings

WILLIAM II (“Rufus”)r. 1087 - 1100

• Third (& favorite) son of William I

• Reign characterized by rebellion and extravagance

• Brother (Robert) was Duke of Normandy—rivalry

• “killed?” while hunting

HENRY Ir. 1100 - 1135

• Youngest son of William I• Reorganized the judicial system

and taxation methods.• King’s Court—court of law &

taxation supervision– Evolution into Parliament

eventually.• Died without a male heir (his one

son had tragically drowned). Chose his daughter, Matilda, as successor, but she was considered unfit to rule as a woman and a council elected Stephen.

STEPHENr. 1135 – 1154

(LAST NORMAN KING)

• Grandson of William I• Weak king—why?• Civil war destroyed

English countryside.• Acknowledged Matilda’s

son, Henry (II), as heir.