what makes you the person that you are ?
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What makes you the person that you are ? Write 10 responses to finish the following sentence: “I am . . .” Think of a variety of aspects of yourself – physical, emotional, strengths, weaknesses, likes/dislikes, etc. What does it mean to be human ? What is the source of our “humanness”? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
What makes you the person that you are?
Write 10 responses to finish the following
sentence: “I am . . .”
Think of a variety of aspects of yourself – physical,
emotional, strengths, weaknesses, likes/dislikes,
etc.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
• What does it mean to be human?• What is the source of our “humanness”?
– Are we born with these human characteristics– Or, do we develop them through our
interactions with others?
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
QUICK FIRENature v. Nurture: Which do you believe has the most influence on the development of an individual?
Explain.Give an example of an influence
in your own life of each.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
A personality is the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an
individual.
• Heredity is the transmission of genetic characteristics
from parents to children
• Instinct is an unchanging biologically inherited
behavior
• Sociobiology searches for the biological basis of all
social behavior
Nature
Nature Versus Nurture
• Social environment can imprint characteristics on a
child
• Pavlov’s experiments showed that behavior could be
taught
• Most social scientists believe personality arises from a
mixture of both nature and nurture
Nurture
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socialization
• SOCIALIZATION - The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
QUICK FIREWhere are you in the birth order of siblings? First? Middle? Last? Only?• Write five words that describe your
personality.Choose one of your siblings.• Where is he/she in the birth order?• Write five words that describe his/her
personality.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Heredity
• Characteristics present at birth include hair type, eye color,
and certain aptitudes.
• Biological needs include hunger and thirst.
• Culture decides how you will use or satisfy hereditary
characteristics.
Parental Characteristics
• Age, level of education, religious orientation, economic status,
cultural heritage, and occupation of parents can shape
personalities of children.
Birth Order
• Personalities are influenced by brothers and sisters.
• Early-born siblings have different traits than later-born
siblings.
The Cultural Environment
• Each culture has set “model personalities.”
• Individuals experience a culture in different ways.
Factors in Personality Development
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall
Do you ever think about how other
people see you?
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
QUICK FIRE
• When you woke up this morning and began to dress, why did you choose the clothes? For yourself or for others?
• “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” - Eleanor Roosevelt– Do you agree or disagree? Explain.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socialization is the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs,
and behavior patterns of a society. There are many theories of how individuals gain a self, or distinct
identity that separates you from other members of society.
• A “clean slate” onto which anything can be written
• Believed adults could shape newborns’ personality
• Absorb the aspects of the culture they are in contact
with
Locke: The Tabula Rasa
The Development of Self
• Process by which we develop an idea of self based on
how we think we appear to others
• Three-step process
• Begins in infancy but continues throughout life
Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self
Socializing the Individual
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• Seeing ourselves as others see us is first step
• Eventually take on, or pretend to take on, the roles of others (role-taking)
• Significant others are the people who are closest to us: parents, siblings, and others
who directly influence our socialization
• As an individual ages, significant others grow less important
Mead: Role-Taking
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Generalized-other
• Occurs when an individual reaches a point in their socialization process that they have integrated the values and norms of a society in principle (not just because they don’t want to get punished)
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Battle between the “me” and “I” “me”
• The part of one’s self formed through socialization
“I”• The part of one’s self that
is responsible for spontaneous, unlearned behavior
Example:
The “I” wants to blurt out an answer in class as soon
as it pops into your head.
The “me” (socialized) considers the possible
negative consequences (learned through
socialization) and holds the “I” back.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Click on the image above to play
the Interactive.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Dramaturgy
• Theory suggested by Erving Goffman
• States that social interaction is similar to a drama
performance
• Suggests people are an audience, judging each others’
performances, trying to determine each individual’s
true character
Impression Management
• Attempt to play the role well and manage the
impressions that the audience receives
• States that much of our time with others is spent trying
to manage their impressions
Goffman’s theory suggests that an individual’s self can be changed according to audience.
The Presentation of Self
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Agents of Socialization
• The primary agents of socialization in the United States are the family, the peer group, the school,
and the mass media.
• As the principal socializer of young children, the family is the most important agent of socialization
in most societies.
• As children grow older, forces outside the family—such as friends, school, and mass media—
increasingly influence them.
• Resocialization, or the process of learning new values and norms, can be voluntary or involuntary.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
How do fairy tales help to socialize
children?
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Sociologists use the term agents of socialization to describe the specific individuals, groups, and
institutions that enable socialization to take place.
• Most important agent in most societies
• Usually first agent
• Can be intentional or unintentional
• Reflects the social groups family belongs to
The Family
Primary Agents
• Composed of individuals of roughly equal age and
similar social characteristics
• Particularly important during pre-teen and early teen
years
• Socialization focuses on values of the peer group
The Peer Group
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
The Mass Media
• Mass media: instruments of communication that reach large audiences without personal contact between those
sending and those receiving the information, such as films, television, and radio
• Television is most common mass media
• Both positive and negative behaviors and beliefs are learned from television
The School
• Planned activities for the deliberate purpose of teaching skills
• Extracurricular activities intended to prepare for a life in society
• Transmit cultural values
• Unintentional socialization comes from teachers and peer groups
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
QUICK FIRE• Throughout your life, you have been
resocialized upon entering a new stage of life or an new institution.
• Identify an example of a time that you experienced resocialization. What norms did you have break away from and what new norms did you have to take on?
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Resocialization involves a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms.
• Individuals choose to assume a new status
• Examples include going to college
Voluntary
Resocialization
Resocialization
• Often occurs in total institutions, or a setting in which
people are isolated from the rest of society
• Examples include joining the military
Involuntary Resocialization
Socializing the Individual
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Reverend Jim Jones
Socializing the Individual
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JonestownGuyana, South America
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
900 members of Temple commit suicide on command
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
TOTAL INSTITUTIONS• A SETTING IN WHICH PEOPLE
ARE:– ISOLATED FROM SOCIETY– CONTROLLED BY STAFF
• CHARACTERISTICS:– SUPERVISION OF ALL SPHERES
OF A PERSON’S LIFE– STANDARDIZED, RIGID SYSTEM
UNDERWHICH ALL LIVE– FORMAL RULES AND DAILY
SCHEDULES FOR ALL
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
QUICK FIRE 2• Identify a total institution (make sure it is
an example of a TOTAL institution).– List ways in which the institution resocializes
members to the new norms. • What is the process by which total institutions
make a member give up old norms and take on new norms?
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Functionalist View on Socialization
• Groups work together to reinforce (socialize) basic norms, beliefs, and values.• i.e. the values of our legal system are reinforced by families and schools• When not socialized, chaos/fragmentation
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Conflict Theory’s View of Socialization
• Believe people are socialized to maintain status quo (don’t rock the boat!)• Higher social classes are able to maintain advantages