what makes me nervous?
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What Makes Me What Makes Me Nervous?Nervous?
Neuromuscular Reflex Experiment
Neuromuscular Reflex Did you know that the automatic response of a muscle to a stimulus is called a
reflex?
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Neuromuscular?
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles, as in neuromuscular blockade by an anesthetic agent, the neuromuscular junction (the meeting place of a nerve and a muscle fiber), and neuromuscular transmission (the transfer of "information" from the nerve to the muscle).
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Neuromuscular Reflex Did you know that the automatic response of a
muscle to a stimulus is called a reflex? October 15th, 2012
Neuromuscular Reflex- Stretching of the quadriceps muscle activates nerve impulses which in turn travel to the spinal cord, the incoming motor neurons travel back to the muscle and result in muscle contraction October 14th, 2012
Neuromuscular Reflex Fact: Nerve impulses have been found to travel at speeds up to 100 m/s!October 5th 2012
Neuromuscular Reflex Just posted some pictures of the experiment in testing the Neuromuscular reflex voluntarily, involuntarily and with a stimulus. October 10th, 2012
Neuromuscular Reflex Click here! October 7th 2012
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Neuromuscular Reflex Did you know that the automatic response of a muscle to a stimulus is called a reflex?
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• Compare the reaction times for voluntary v. involuntary activation of the quadriceps muscle. What might account for the observed differences in reaction time?
The reaction time for the involuntary where a lot faster because its easier to react when you aren’t doing it yourself but it’s a set reaction
• What was the speed at which the stimulus traveled from the patellar tendon to the spinal cord back to the quadriceps muscles
1.47 m/s was the speed from which the stimulus traveled
• What would account for the difference between this answer and the speed obtained?
Our speed was extremely slow, almost 100x slower
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• If the speed of the nerve impulse is 100 m/s how would that compare to the speed of the electricity in a copper wire ( approx. 3.00 x 10^8 m/s)?
In comparing the two the electricity in a copper wire is almost 10 x faster
• Can individual differences be attributed to any physical differences?
Yes because everyone is physically different so depending on their differences can be dependent on their outcomes
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Neurovascular Reflex Did you know that the automatic response of a muscle to a stimulus is called a reflex?
The Nervous System
Nervous System The Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord cavities.
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Nervous System The Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord cavities. October 20th 2012
Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of all the nerves OUTSIDE of the brain and spinal cord . The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the sensory-somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
October 18th 2012
Nervous System The Efferent Nervous system is a subdivision of the Central Nervous System that consists of out going motor nerves October 7th 2012
Nervous System ANS(Autonomic Nervous System) = part of the PNS that regulates involuntary actions….SNS (Somatic Nervous System) = motor neurons that control actions of voluntary skeletal actions October 2nd 2012
Nervous System The PNS consists of sensory neurons running from stimulus receptors that inform the CNS of the stimulus, motor neurons running from the CNS to the muscles and glands - called effectors - that take actionOctober 11th 2012
Nervous System The Afferent Nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system and it consists of all the incoming sensory nerves
October 7th 2012
Nervous System- The network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
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Nervous System The Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord cavities.
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Nerve Impulses
Nancy Ingalls: I am remarkable among cells because I initiate and conduct signals called nerve impulses. Expressed differently, I exhibit both excitability and conductivity.
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Nancy Ingalls: Membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of the plasma membrane. The difference in electrical charge is called a potential because it is a type of stored energy called potential energy.
Nancy Ingalls: Whenever opposite electrical charges are separated by a membrane, they have the potential to move toward one another if they are allowed to cross the membrane. A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is called polarized because it has a negative pole and a positive pole.
Nancy Ingalls: Local potential is a slight shift away from the RMP in a specific region of the plasma membrane. Stimulus- gated channels are ion channels that open in response to a sensory stimulus from another neuron. Depolarization is the electrical activity that triggers a contraction of the heart muscle. Hyper polarization is the increase in electrical charges separated by the cell membrane; causes change away from 0 mV.
Nancy Ingalls: Local potentials are called graded potentials because the magnitude of deviation from the RMP is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus. Action Potential is the membrane potential of an active neuron that is conducting an impulse. The action potential is also called the nerve impulse.
Nancy Ingalls: Resting membrane potentials is the membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron’s plasma membrane. The mechanisms that produce and maintain the RMP do so by promoting a slight ionic imbalance across the neuron’s plasma membrane. The RMP can be maintained by a cell as long as the sodium-potassium pumps continue to operate and its permeability characteristics remain stable.
Nancy Ingalls: Many of the channels are gated channels which allow specific molecules to diffuse across the membrane only when the “gate” of each channel is open. There are no channels to allow the exit of the large anionic protein molecules that dominate the intracellular fluid.
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Nancy Ingalls: I am remarkable among cells because I initiate and conduct signals called nerve impulses. Expressed differently, I exhibit both excitability and conductivity.
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A nerve impulse is a wave of electrical fluctuation that travels along the plasma membrane.
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Whenever opposite electrical charges are separated by a membrane, they have the potential to move toward one another if they are allowed to cross the membrane. A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is called polarized because it has a negative pole and a positive pole.
I am a wave of electrical fluctuation that travels along the plasma membrane.Mechanism that produces action potential:1. Na+ diffused rapidly into the cell because of the concentration gradient and electrical gradient, producing a local depolarization. 2. If the magnitude of the local depolarization surpasses a limit called the threshold potential, voltage-gated Na+ channels are stimulated to open. 3. As more Na+ rushes into the cell, the membrane moved rapidly toward 0 mV, then continues in a positive direction to a peak of +30 mV. 4. Voltage- gated Na+ channels stay open for only about 1 millisecond before they automatically close, which means that the Na+ channels always allow sodium to rush in for the same amount of time, which in turn produces the same magnitude of action potential. 5. Once the peak of the action potential is reached, the membrane potential begins to move back toward the resting potential in a process called repolarization. 6. Because the K+ channels often remain open as the membrane reaches its resting potential, too many K+ may rush out of the cell.
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Nancy Ingalls: I am remarkable among cells because I initiate and conduct signals called nerve impulses. Expressed differently, I exhibit both excitability and conductivity.
Neuron Impulses
Neurons: SHOUTOUT to my good friend Gila for always providing me with mechanical and metabolic support. I can always count of you!
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Hey my name is Neuron and I'm a cell of the nervous system! I have three kids, Sensory neurons, motor neurons and inter-neurons and they mean they world to me. If you wanna know more just hit me up ;)
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Glial Brain Dendrites
Axon Synapses
Neurons: just tried calling my husband via my new fancy iSynapses with the new operating system, ioChemicalSignals6 and he didn’t pick up…HE HAS SOME NERVE!10/01/2012
Schwann
Neurons: Going back to college to get my masters, learned that there are 100 billion of cells like me in the human brain.³10/02/2012
Neurons: OK I am serious! My cell membrane molecules are soooo fat! Im starting my diet..tomorrow!10/12/2012
Neurons: I need to get back in shape, I cant even transmit signals like I used to. My goal is to get back to 100 meters per second!10/04/2012
Neurons: sometimes I fell empty and alone…but then I remember that I have my girl Glial filling in my empty spaces10/05/2012
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Hey my name is Neuron and I'm a cell of the nervous system! I have three kids, Sensory neurons, motor neurons and inter-neurons and they mean they world to me. If you wanna know more just hit me up ;)
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The basic function of the neuron is to transmit signal from tissue or from another neuron... tissue--->neuron--->neuron--->and so on until the signal reaches its destination. It is made up of the dendrite, cell body, Schwann cell, node of Ranvier, and axons. The average number of neurons in the human brain is 100 billion. There are as many neurons in the human brains as stars in the Milky Way. The number of ways information travels in the human brain is greater than the number of star in the universe.
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Insane in the Membrane
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Neurons: SHOUTOUT to my good friend Gila for always providing me with mechanical and metabolic support. I can always count of you!
The Synapse
Structure of the Synapse
Synapse
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Membrane to membrane junction between a neuron and another neuron, effector cell, or sensory cell; function to propagate.
A synapse is a place where signals are transmitted from one neuron called presynaptic neuron, to another neuron called the
postsynaptic neuron. The postsynaptic cell could also be an effector, such as a muscle.
Chemical Synapse
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Electrical Synapse
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Electrical and chemical synapses
Electrical occurs when two cells are joined end to end by gap junctions.
Chemical has a neurotransmitter to send a signal from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell.