what is window nt
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WINDOW
NT
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WHAT IS WINDOW NT? EXPLAIN THE FEATURE IOF WINDOW NT?
Windows NT is a Microsoft Windows personal computer operating
system designed for users and businesses needing advanced
capability. NT's technology is the base for the Microsoft successor
operating system, Windows 2000. Windows NT (which may
originally have stood for "New Technology," although Microsoft
doesn't say) is actually two products: Microsoft NT Workstation and
Microsoft NT Server. The Workstation is designed for users,especially business users, who need faster performance and a system a
little more fail-safe than Windows 95 and Windows 98. The Server is
designed for business machines that need to provide services for
network-attached computers. The Server is required, together with an
Internet server such as Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS),
for a Windows system that plans to serve Web pages
FEATURE OF WINDOW NT
A main design goal of NT was hardware and software portability.
Various versions of NT family operating systems have been released
for a variety of processor architectures, initially Intel IA-32, MIPS
R3000/R4000, and Alpha, with PowerPC, Itanium, and AMD64
supported in later releases. The idea was to have a common code base
with a custom Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) for each platform.
However, support for MIPS, Alpha, and PowerPC was later droppedafter NT 4.0. Broad software compatibility was achieved with support
for several API "personalities", including Win32, POSIX,[5] and
OS/2[6] APIs - the latter two were phased out starting with Windows
XP.[7] Partial MS-DOS compatibility was achieved via an integrated
DOS Virtual Machine - although this feature is being phased out in
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the x86-64 architecture.[8] NT supported per-object (file, function,
and role) access control lists allowing a rich set of security
permissions to be applied to systems and services. NT supported
Windows network protocols, inheriting the previous OS/2 LAN
Manager networking, as well as TCP/IP networking (for whichMicrosoft would implement a TCP/IP stack derived at first from
STREAMS, then later rewritten in-house.[9])
Windows NT 3.1 was the first version of Windows to utilize 32-bit
"flat" virtual memory addressing on 32-bit processors. Its companion
product, Windows 3.1, used segmented addressing and switches from
16-bit to 32-bit addressing in pages.
Windows NT 3.1 featured a core kernel providing a system API,
running in supervisor mode, and a set of user-space environments
with their own APIs which included the new Win32 environment, an
OS/2 1.3 text-mode environment and a POSIX environment. The full
preemptive multitasking kernel could interrupt running tasks to
schedule other tasks, without relying on user programs to voluntarilygive up control of the CPU, as in Windows 3.1 Windows applications
(although MS-DOS applications were preemptively multitasked in
Windows starting with Windows 1.0).
Notably, in Windows NT 3.x, several I/O driver subsystems, such as
video and printing, were user-mode subsystems. In Windows NT 4,
the video, server, and printer spooler subsystems were integrated intothe kernel. Windows NT's first GUI was strongly influenced by (and
programmatically compatible with) that from Windows 3.1; Windows
NT 4's interface was redesigned to match that of the brand new
Windows 95, moving from the Program Manager to the Start
Menu/Taskbar design.
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WRITE DOWN THE STEPS TO CREATE NEW USER
AND RENAME THE USER ACCOUNTTHE ADMINISTRATOR IS AUTHRISED IS CREATE A USER ACCOUNT AFTERENTERING THE ADMINISTRATOR PASSWORD YOU CAN LOG IN AND
PROCEED FOR CRETING THE USER ACCOUNT, THE FOLLOWING STEPS TO
CREATE A USER ACCOUN
CLICK ON START
CLICK ON PROGRAM
CLICK ON ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS
CLICK ON USER MANAGER FOR DOMAIN
CLICK ON THE USER MENU
CLICK ON NEW USER
TYPE IN USERTHEN UNCHECKED THE USER MUST CHANGE
PASSWORD AT NEXT LOG ON CHECK BOX
CLICK ON ADD BUTTON
RENAME THE USER ACCOUNTIN WINDOW NT WE CAN CHANGE THE NAME OF A USER AT ANY TIME BUT
ALL OTHER PROPERTIES REMAIN THE SAME. STEPS TO RENAME THE USER
ACCOUNT
CLICK ON START
CLICK ON PROGRAM
CLICK ON ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS
CLICK ON USER MANAGER FOR DOMAIN
CLICK THE USER WHICH YOU WANT TO RENAME
CLICK THE USER MENU
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IT WILL PROMPT TYPE THE NEW NAME AND CLICK OK.
EXPLAIN THE WINDOW NT FILE SYSTEM
JianJing Cao (#98284)
Contents Introduction
FAT File System
HPFS File System
NTFS File System
Compare FAT File System with NTFS File System
FAT File System
Origin of FAT file system
A disk formatted with FAT is allocated in clusters (size are determined by
the size of the volume )
FAT is handled slightly differently under NT.
1. The generated 8.3 filename is stored along with the long filename
2. FAT partitions can be converted to NTFS
(Con.)Any FAT partitions that use DOS-based disk compression (such as Stacker
or DriveSpace) will not have readable files when running Windows NT
The FAT file system is also prone to fragmentation
HPFS File System
Origin of HPFS file system
HPFS was introduced in 1990 as part of OS/2 Version 1.2
Characters of HPFS1. HPFS allowed for greater capacity of hard drives
2. HPFS also implements physical separation between files giving each
file room for expansion, which would then result in less chance of
fragmentation
3. HPFS also introduced long filenames of up to 255 characters, along
with other attributes
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NTFS File System
Origin of NTFS File SystemWith the introduction of Windows NT in 1992, Microsoft took the
advanced capabilities of HPFS and went many steps further
The Goals of NTFS
Reliability, which is especially desirable for high end systems and file
servers
A platform for added functionality
Support POSIX requirements
Removal of the limitations of the FAT and HPFS file systems
ReliabilityRecoverability
1. NTFS is a recoverable file system because it keeps track of transactions
against the file system.
2. Under NTFS, a log of transactions against these components is
maintained so that CHKDSK need only roll back transactions to the last
commit point in order to recover consistency within the file system.
Removal of fatal single sector failures
1. Not using special objects on the disk and tracking and protecting all
objects that are on the diskReliability(Cont.)
2. Under NTFS, multiple copies (the number depends on the volume size)
of the Master File Table are kept.
Hot fixing
Similar to OS/2 versions of HPFS, NTFS supports hot fixing.
Added Functionality
NTFS provides a rich and flexible platform for other file systems to be able
to use
NTFS fully supports the Windows NT security model and supports multiple
data streams. No longer is a data file a single stream of data.Under NTFS, a user can add his or her own user-defined attributes to a file.
POSIX Support
NTFS is the most POSIX.1 compliant of the supported file systems because
it supports the following POSIX.1 requirements:
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1. Case Sensitive Naming
2. Additional Time Stamp
3. Hard Links
Removing Limitations
NTFS has greatly increased the size of files and volumes, so that they can
now be up to 16 exabytes
NTFS has also returned to the FAT concept of clusters in order to avoid
HPFS problem of a fixed sector size.
In NTFS all filenames are Unicode based, and 8.3 filenames are kept along
with long filenames
Advantages of NTFS
Large disks and large files: NTFS is best for use on volumes of about 400
MB or more
Recoverability: The recoverability designed into NTFS is such that a user
should never have to run any sort of disk repair utility on an NTFS partition.Security: NTFS uses the Windows NT object model to enforce security. An
open file is implemented as a file object with a security descriptor that
defines its security attributes.
General indexing facility: NTFS associates a collection of attributes with
each file. The set of file descriptions in the file management system is
organized as a relational database, so that files can be indexed by any
attribute.
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MS-
EXCEL
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CREATE A WORKSHEET OF STUDENT HAVINGFOLLOW SHUTS
A mark sheet is create in ms word is very for the user. When we
make the mark sheet of the students in ms word we almost used the
table for to create to mark sheet we used different - different step to
create the mark sheet these are as follow.
o Open the ms word and select a new sheet for creating the mark
sheet
o And then click on the insert menu
o In the insert menu chose table option
o And then u chose the draw table option because with the help of
this we can make the mark sheet easily
o And then u create the table with carefullyo And fill the detail of students marks
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AVERAGE
The average function is used to calculate the average of the numbers passed
as arguments. The syntax is =AVERAGE (number1, number2 )
Steps for calculating average are:-
1 Type the formula in a given cell .
2 Type =AVERAGE (A13, A14,.A18)
3 Press the enter key.
4 The result will be obtained in the given cell.
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MAX AND MIN FUNCTION
The maximum function returns the largest value among the values passed as
arguments. The syntax is =MAX (number1, number2..)
The minimum function is used to return the smallest value among the values
passed as argument. The syntax is =MIN (number1, number2..)
Various Steps or calculating max value are:-
1 select the data from which maximum number is to be obtained.
2 In an empty cell type the formula for calculating the maximum value.
3 Type =max (A13, A14.A18)
4 The result will be obtained in the cell.
Various Steps or calculating min value are:-1 select the data from which minimum number is to be obtained.
2 In an empty cell type the formula for calculating the minimum value.
3 Type =min (A13, A14.A18)
4 The result will be obtained in the cell.
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Calculate the percentage of student in worksheet.
Percentage
The percentage is used to calculate the percentage of the numbers passed as
arguments. The syntax is =value*100/totalnumber
For example =188*100/300
Steps for calculating average are:-
1 Type the formula in a given cell .2 Type value*100/totalnumber
3 Press the enter key.
4 The result will be obtained in the given cell.
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From the total column of worksheet marksdisplay whether student is passed or fail usingif condition.
If condition
The if condition is used to calculate the result of students who are pass or
who are. The syntax is =if(logical_test,[value_if_true] ,[value_if_false])
For example =IF(G2>33%,"pass","fail")
Steps for calculating average are:-
1 Type the formula in a given cell .
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2 Type = if(logical_test,[value_if_true] ,[value_if_false])
3 Press the enter key.
4 The result will be obtained in the given cell.
Sort the information of student in worksheet
student information according their names
Excel's sort feature is a quick and easy way to sort data in a spread sheet.
The options for sorting your data include:
Sort in ascending order - A to Z alphabetically or smallest to largest
for number data.
Sort in descending order - Z to A alphabetically or largest to smallest
for number data.
http://spreadsheets.about.com/od/d/g/data_definition.htmhttp://spreadsheets.about.com/od/s/g/spreadsheet_def.htmhttp://spreadsheets.about.com/od/d/g/data_definition.htmhttp://spreadsheets.about.com/od/s/g/spreadsheet_def.htm -
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This tip involves using icons located on theStandard toolbar, which is
normally located at the top of the Excel 2003 screen. If it is not present, this
article, Finding Excel Toolbars can help you locate it.the following steps are
to use the sorting function nms excel .
1. Create a worksheet in ms excel
2. After to create the whole sheet, select the whole sheet by pressing ctrl
+ A
3. Then click on home in ms excel 2007
4. There is a option sort &filter click on it and after to click on it a box
will be opened
5. Then click on sort A to Z it is the option of descending order
6. After that all name are automatically change in descending order
CHART
Charts are an excellent tool to present data in a worksheet in a visually
appealing format which aids in analyzing and comparing data. The following
steps are followed in creating a chart in excel:-
1 Highlight all the cells that will be included in the chart including headers.
2 Choose chart option from the insert menu.
3 Choose the type of chart you want to insert.
4 Click next.
5 The next step display the address of the cell range selected for preparingthe chart.
6 Type year in (x) axis for the title.
7 Type range in (y) axis for title.
8 Choose the data labels tab.
9 Click next.
10 Click finish chart will appear on the screen.
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What is a protection cell
It is important to protect rows and columns title and constant value to
prevent them from we accidentally choice they cells of work sheet can be
automatically protected when user using the protection facility to protect
certain cell the following procedure to open formal cell dialogue box select
the cells command from the format menu to apply protection to they uses
work sheet first select one or more cells designated for they entry of valuable
information such as number date and text now select they uses commands
from format next a formal dialogues box carries some option enable they
protection option or page by checking it now they are check box displayed
one is locked and another is hidden
Password- this is an another method of protecting work sheet open theywork sheet to which uses work to protect now select save as command from
they file menu as save as dialogues box will be display in this check option
by in this click option button in this dialogue box first text box is used to
define their password 4231invalid for opening the worksheet file and second
password a for protecting a modified of file user can apply any of this
password and then click ok button
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MS-WORD
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COMPONENTS OF MS-OFFICE AND DISCUSSVARIOUS FEATURE OF MS WORD
COMPONENTS
Produce better and more customizable documents at lower cost.
True single-source. Edit once; update everywhere.Apply Live Linx Component Publisher to produce moreaccurate documentation, and more customizabledocuments in significantly less time. Update andmanage documents faster, easier, more reliably and atlower cost.Create content for reuse in different documents withoutformatting worries. Component Publisher formats eachinformation component to the template of the host
document.Component Publisher stores content chunks asinformation components, allowing re-purposingcomponents in multiple documents. When editing isrequired, just update once. The changes apply globallyto all documents that use the component.Component Publisher delivers the most flexible way toauthor content while keeping your authors and contentin Microsoft Word. Reuse content across manydocuments and page designs. Make global changes
with just one edit.Component Publisher meets real-life challenges.
Variable information in Component Publisher.Component Publisher works with your Microsoft Wordtemplates, requires no special tools or training, is easy-to-use, and requires no IT support. Write an informationcomponent once in Microsoft Word and use thecomponent in many documents.QA and engineering staff save time, by reviewing each
component only once instead of many times in manydocuments.A component can also include variables that updateaccording to the host document. For example, productnames, captions and numbering automatically adapt tothe host documents.Measure Your Information Component Quotient
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Do multiple technical or sales documents in yourorganization repeat information?Do you need an easy way to manage or leveragestandard information?
When standard information items change, do you needto update many documents? Do you need a solutionwithout waiting for corporate IT support and approval ofmega budgets?Do you need an easy way to reuse, manage, andupdate information repeated in many documents?If you answered Yes to the above questions, thenComponent Publisher is your solution. ExpandabilityWhen you need to support staff working from multiplelocations, Component Publisher easily scales to
the Live Linx ConteX server for a full-service webcontent management and publishing system. UseComponent Publisher in tandem with Live LinxQualidocs for QA on Microsoft Word documents.
FEATURES OF MS-WORD
Most Word Processor available today allows more than just creating
and editing documents. They have wide range of other tools and
functions, which are used in formatting the documents. The following
are the main features of a Word Processor
Text is typing into the computer, which allows alterations to be made
easily.
Words and sentences can be inserted, amended or deleted.
Paragraphs or text can be copied /moved throughout the document.
Margins and page length can be adjusted as desired.Spelling can be checked and modified through the spell check facility.
Multiple document/files can be merged.
Multiple copies of letters can be generated with different addresses
through the mail-merge facility.
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Ms-Word not only supports word processing features but also have
some special features. Some of the important features of Ms-Word are
listed below:
Using word you can create the document and edit them later, as and
when required, by adding more text, modifying the existing text,
deleting/moving some part of it.
Changing the size of the margins can reformat complete document or
part of text.
Font size and type of fonts can also be changed. Page numbers and
Header and Footer can be included.
Spelling can be checked and correction can be made automatically in
the entire document. Word count and other statistics can be generated.
Text can be formatted in columnar style as we see in the newspaper.
Text boxes can be made.Tables can be made and included in the text.
Word also allows the user to mix the graphical pictures with the text.
Graphical pictures can either be created in word itself or can be
imported from outside like from Clip Art Gallery.
Word also provides the mail-merge facility.
It also provides online help of any option.
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Draw a neat and clean ms-word window screendrawings through labelling its parts
Word has a built-in spell checker, thesaurus, dictionary, Office
Assistant and utilities for transferring, copy, pasting and editing text,
such as PureText.
Normal.dotNormal.dot is the mastertemplate from which all Word documents
are created. It is one of the most important files in Microsoft Word. It
determines the margin defaults as well as the layout of the text andfont defaults. Although normal.dot is already set with certain defaults,
the user can change normal.dot to new defaults. This will change
other documents that were created using the template and saved with
the option to automatically update the formatting styles.
WordArtWordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as
a title, watermark, or other text, with graphical effects such as
skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of shapes and
colors and even including three-dimensional effects.Macros.Word's macro security setting, which regulates when macros may
execute, can be adjusted by the user, but in the most recent versions of
Word, is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing the risk from
macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon.
Layout issuesAs of Word 2007 for Windows (and Word 2004 for Macintosh), the
program has been unable to handle ligatures defined in TrueType
fonts: those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted
manually, but are not recognized by Word for what they are, breaking
spellchecking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not
accessible at all. Other layout deficiencies of Word include the
inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party
workaround utilities have been developed. Similarly, combining
diacritics are handled poorly: Word 2003 has "improved support", but
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PureTexthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_(word_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margin_(typography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(typography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueTypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_markhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_diacritichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_diacritichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PureTexthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_(word_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margin_(typography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(typography)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueTypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_markhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_diacritichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_diacritic -
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many diacritics are still misplaced, even if a precomposed glyph is
present in the font. Word 2010 (Word 14) is the first version of MS
Word that will have support forOpenType ligatures
STANDARD TOOLBAR
The standard toolbar provides a quick shortcut to many frequently
used functions. We can customize the buttons that appear on the
standard toolbar using the customize toolbar menu item (under the
Tools menu).
The Standard Toolbar gives the user access to file operations, printing,
movement of data blocks, the undo system, and to some of thepowerful tools like the function creator and the graphing system.
New File: Create a new file.
Open: Open an existing file.
Save: Save the current worksheet to disk.
Print: Print the current worksheet or workbook to a file or a printer.
Print Preview: Display a print preview of the current worksheet.
Cut: Cut selection and place it on the Clipboard
Copy: Copy the cells in the current selection to the clipboard buffer.
Paste: Paste the contents of the clipboard buffer into the active cell.
Undo: Undoes the last operation undertaken.
Redo: This is the reverse of the undo operation, restoring its original
state.
Zoom: The zoom button allows us to trade-off the extent of the
worksheet which is visible against the size of the visible text and cells.
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Formatting TOOLBAR
The Formatting toolbar provides many of the most common options
for formatting selected text, such as font, font size, font weight,
alignment, and color. The Font and Font Size boxes show the font and
size of the current text including values that are set by a cascading
style sheet (CSS).
Style box : Shows the HTML formatting style that is used by the
current selection and enables you to set the style.
Bold button: To make the text appear to be bold (e.g. Ball appears
as Ball).
Italic button: To make the text appear to be Italic (e.g. Ball appears
as Ball).
Increase Font Size button: Increase the current font size by one
increment, according to the increments listed in the Font Size box in
the Formatting toolbar, up to maximum size.
Decrease Font Size button: Decrease the current font size by one
increment, according to the increments listed in the Font Size box in
the Formatting toolbar, down to a minimum size.
Increase Indent Position button: Increase the indent before the current
paragraph.
Decrease Indent Position button: Decrease the indent before the
current paragraph.
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Enlist different types of file type while savingoption save as.
Save as option
Save as a different format
1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Save As.
IMPORTANT If you don't see the Microsoft Office Button , click Save
As on the File menu.
Keyboard shortcut To open the Save As dialog box, press ALT, F, A.
2. In the File name box, enter a new name for the file.
3. In the Save as type list, click the file format that you want to save the
file in. For example, click Rich Text Format (.rtf), Web Page (.htm
or .html), or Comma Delimited (.csv).
4. Click Save.
To learn more about saving your files as a PDF, see Save as PDF; to learn
about saving your files as XPS, see Save a file in XPS format.
Save auto recover
1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Word
Options.
2. Click Save.
3. Select the Save AutoRecover information every check box.
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/redir/HA010064992.aspx?CTT=5&origin=HP001233033http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/redir/HA010064993.aspx?CTT=5&origin=HP001233033http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/redir/HA010064992.aspx?CTT=5&origin=HP001233033http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/redir/HA010064993.aspx?CTT=5&origin=HP001233033 -
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4. In the minutes box, type or select a number to determine how
often you want to save files.
STEPS OF MAIL MERGE
Mail merge
Firstly, we select Mailing option from Standard Toolbar.
Then well check Start Mail merge> Step by step mail
wizard>letters>Starting Document.
Then check use current document.
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Then select receipts from Step 2 of 6.
Then select type a new list from radio buttons followed by create.
Then select customise columns. Then add, delete or rename theheadings as per your requirements. Fill the desired information and
address of customers to whom we want to deliver letter.
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If we further want to add some more entries then well select edit
recipient list from earlier saved list. We can also sort; find the
recipients from this only.
Select write your letter from step 3 of 6, then select Address
block.AddressBlock
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Write steps to design commercial add for anewspaper
AIRTLE
In airtle all the roaming incoming and out going is 60 paise\ min
For airtle calls only . for more detail you log on www.airtle.in or sms
roaming 121
Steps of create the advertisement
First you open Microsoft word
And then going to format and click theme
And choice any one of them
When theme is display on your screen then going to insert and click
on the picture
When picture bar is open then click on word art and choice any word
style of them
And then you write a words of any size and click ok
And also you can draw any shapes with they help of auto shapes
And then your advertisement created
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Create a table of student record in ms wordand table using different formatting scheme
Create a record of students
A mark sheet is create in ms word is very for the user. When we make the
mark sheet of the students in ms word we almost used the table for to create
to mark sheet we used different - different step to create the mark sheet
these are follow.
Open the ms word and select a new sheet for creating the mark sheet
And then click on the insert menu
In the insert menu chose table option
And then u chose the draw table option because with the help of this
we can make the mark sheet easily
And then u create the table with carefully
And fill the detail of students marks
Usage of formatting toolbar
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Select the style to apply to table
Changes the size of selected text and numbers
Makes selected text and numbers italic
Aligns to the left with a ragged right margin
Aligns to the right with a ragged left margin Makes a numbered list or reverts back to normal
Makes selected text and numbers bold
Underlines selected text and numbers
Centers the selected text
Aligns the selected text to both the left and right
margins
Decreases the indent to the previous tab stop
Formats the selected text with the color you click
Write the steps to create a new style in ms word
Create a new style in ms - word
1. From the main menu, Format > Styles and
Formatting.
2. In the panel, find the style you want to Modify.
(Note: If you don't see the style listed, under Show,
choose All Styles. If you still don't see your style listed,
under Show, click Custom, tick your style and click OK.
Then, choose All Styles.)
3. Right-clickon the style name and choose Modify.
You're now at the Modify Style dialog.
Automatically update
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Write the steps to insert a document. Write avarious steps to copy and move it differentlocation using all different within the workingarea of document.
Steps of insert a document, follow these steps if you are using a version
of Word prior to Word 2007:
1. first you open the ms word.
2. Then you write the some information.
3. When you wriye the document then you give the tittle of document for
take some steps
Position the insertion point where you want the title to appear.
Choose Field from the Insert menu. Word displays the Field dialog
box.
In the Categories list, choose Document Information. Word updates
the choices in the Field Names list (right side of the dialog box). In the Field Names list choose Title.
Click on OK to close the dialog box and insert your field.
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Copy and paste or move on Microsoft Word
You have written your document but decide you want to move some of the
text around. Or you want to move one paragraph above another. How do you
achieve this. By using the cut,copy and paste options on your computer.
This copy the text out of the document.
1. Shade the area you want to copy
2. Using the mouse.... Go to the copy icon on the Toolbar.
3. Press the icon. The text disappears, but is not lost. It is stored on the
computer memory.
2a. Holding down the CTRL button and pressing the letter c also achieves
the above
4. Move the cursor to the place you want to put the text. Press the cursor on
the left to lock position.
5. Press Paste, on the toolbar.
5a. Holding down the CTRL button and pressing the letter v also achieves
the above
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