what is the subjunctive tense? actually, the subjunctive is not referred to as a tense, such as...
TRANSCRIPT
What is the subjunctive tense?
Actually, the subjunctive is not referred to as a tense, such as preterit or future, but rather as a mood.
The subjunctive mood expresses uncertainty, doubt, wishes, desires, and conditions that are unreal or contrary to fact.
The indicative mood states facts and expresses certainty or reality.
Does English use the subjunctive mood?
Yes, Homer, but it is used far more frequently in Spanish.
Example: It is important that he go to a good school.
When does one know when to use subjunctive?
In order to use the subjunctive, it is important that we have A WEDDING
¡Maravilloso!¿Una boda?
A W.E.D.D.I,N.G. is actually an acronym to help us remember all of the different ways we use the subjunctive mood.
is for Adverbial phrases
a fin de que: so thatpara que: so thata menos que: unlessantes de que: beforecon tal que: provided thaten caso de que: in case (that)sin que: without
Adverbial Phrases include:
is for
Wishing, wanting or requesting
aconsejar: to advise or counseldesear: to wish, to wantexigir: to demandinsistir: to insistmandar: to command, to orderpedir: to ask forpreferir: to preferquerer: to wantrogar:to begsuplicar: to plead
Wishing, wanting and requesting
Stands for EMOTIONS:
alegrarse de que: to be happy that
entristecerse de que: to be sad that
esperar: to hope
ojalá: if only/god willing
sorprenderse de que : surprised that
temer que: to fear that
tener miedo de que: to be afraid that
is for
Doubt¿creer?¿pensar?dudarno creer ¿Hay alguién que…? (Is
there someone who…)
Busco a una persona que…
I am looking for a person that….
2is for:
DENIALnegar: to deny
prohibir: to prohibit
mpersonal Expressions
Es importante que es menester que: it is important that
Es imposible que es necesario que:
Es lastima que: it is a pity that es preciso que: it is necessary that
Es mejor que: it is better that es posible que
Mas vale que: it is better that es probable que
necesitar: to need
sentir que: to feel sorrylamentar: to lament, to feel bad that
In order to have A WEDDING, we need 3 things:
1. an independent verb or phrase, “a strong verb”
In this case, a strong, independent woman
She must make the proposal
2. A dependent verb that will submit to the independent verb
In between the independent and the dependent, there is another important element
Proposals are completed with a wedding ring. We usually say that the ring is 14K or 12K
For our purposes, we will say that the proposal is complete with 1K (que)
In order to form subjunctive, we must have three requirements
1. The independent verb or phrase, or WEDDING phrase
2. The dependent verb: (He must change)
The (K) que in between
To be successful in his marriage, we know that the dependent MUST CHANGE
The general rule for changing dependent verbs into subjunctive is by adding the opposite vowel ending.
hablarque yo: hable
que tu: hables
que el hable
que nosotros hablemos
que vosotros habléis
que ellos hablen
The opposite vowel rule is always true in the subjunctive:
However, there are different families of verbs that have different rules about how the stem of the verb changes.
With verbs that stem change e-ie, o-ue, or e-i
Always stem-change first, and then put on the opposite vowel ending.
Verbs that change to “go” in “yo” form in the present tense must change as such and then you put on the opposite vowel ending.
pongo = ponga vengo = venga oigo = oiga
hago = haga digo = diga
The i changes to y in verbs that end in -uir in present tense.
Present (el)
Subj. (el)
construir construye construya
distribuir distribuye distribuya
Verbs that end in –cer or –cir change in yo form present tense to –zco.
Present
(yo)
Subj. (yo)
conocer conozco conozca
conducir conduzco conduzca
-zar: z changes to ce
-gar: g changes to gue
-car: c changes to que
saber: sepa dar: dé
ir: vaya caber: quepa
haber: haya
estar: esté