A rock is a naturally occurring, solid aggregate of minerals.

A parent material of mineral soils.

Combinations of two or more minerals.

A natural substance composed of solid crystals of different minerals that have been fused together into a solid lump.

Igneous Rocks

- made of fire ; solidified from molten rock

Sedimentary Rocks

- deposited and buried at Earth’s surface

Metamorphic Rocks

- transformed from pre-existing rocks under high pressure and temperature.

• (derived from the Latin word

ignis meaning fire)

• is one of the three main rock types,

the others being sedimentary and

metamorphic.

• Igneous rock is formed through the cooling

and solidification of magma or lava.

Examples of Igneous rocks

Granite Welded tuffPumice

• rock that are formed by the deposition of

material at the Earth's surface

and within bodies of water.

• Sedimentation is the collective

name for processes that cause

mineral and/or organic particles

(detritus) to settle and accumulate

or minerals to precipitate from a solution.

Examples of Sedimentary Rocks

Conglomerate Breccia Halite

• Rock that was once one form

of rock but has changed to another

by the influence of heat, pressure.

• Examples are marble, which can be

formed from limestone, and slate,

which is formed from shale.

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks

Schist Lapis Lazuli Marble

Rock Cycle

• refers to the diverse set of natural processes that lead to the formation and transformation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

• includes erosion and weathering, sediment burial, seafloor spreading, volcanism, tectonism, sediment transportation and cementation.

For example, sedimentary rocks can be formed from fragments of pre-existing igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks, or any combination thereof, or can be formed by organic or inorganic precipitation of common ions dissolved in salt or fresh water.

Igneous rocks can be formed via melting and extrusion or intrusion of pre-existing sedimentary, metamorphic, and/or igneous rocks.

Metamorphic rocks can be formed by alteration of pre-existing rock types through hydrothermalism, fault slip, or exposure to high temperatures and pressures due to deep burial.