what is organisation?
TRANSCRIPT
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Organisation
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Organisation
• ”Organization is a structural relationship by which an enterprise is bound together and the framework in which individual effort is coordinated.”
Koontz and O’Donnell
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Organising
• Process of determining the activities to be performed,
• arranging these activities to administrative units as well as
• assigning managerial authority and responsibilities to people employed in the organization..
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Importance of organizing
• Focus on, and facilitate the attaining of objectives..
• Arrangement of positions and jobs within the hierarchy..
• Define responsibilities and line of authority of
all levels..
• Creating relationships that will minimize
friction..
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Organizing and organization structure
• Organizing
• The process of arranging people and other resources to work together to
accomplish a goal.
• Organization structure
• The system of tasks, workflows, reporting relationships, and
communication channels that link together diverse individuals and groups.
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Why Have a Structure?
• A clear structure makes it easier to see which part of the business
does what
• An organisational structure is the way in which a business is arranged
to carry out its activities
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Management Structure and Design
• The choice of structure impacts the organisations culture – their ethos
and beliefs
• If businesses are looking to change their direction they often look at
restructuring
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Organisational structure
• Includes:
• The routes through which communication pass through the
business
• Who has authority and power and responsibility within the
business
• The roles and titles of people within the business
• The people whom individual employees are accountable for
and those for whom they are responsible
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Key terms
• Hierarchy – the number of layers of levels within an organisation
• Subordinate – a worker
• Span of control – the number of subordinates who directly report into
a manager
• Chain of command – the line of communication and authority from the
top to the bottom of the hierarchy
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Formal structures
• The structure of the organization in its official state.
• An organization chart is a diagram describing reporting relationships and the formal arrangement of work positions within an organization.
• An organization chart identifies the following aspects of formal structure:• The division of work.
• Supervisory relationships.
• Communication channels.
• Major subunits.
• Levels of management.
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Informal structures
• A “shadow” organization made up of the unofficial, but
often critical, working relationships between
organization members.
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Functional structures
• People with similar skills and performing similar tasks are grouped together into formal work units.
• Members work in their functional areas of expertise.
• Are not limited to businesses.
• Work well for small organizations producing few products or services.
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Functional structures in a business, branch bank, and community hospital.
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Divisional structures
• Group together people who work on the same product or process, serve similar customers, and/or are located in the same area or geographical region.
• Common in complex organizations.
• Avoid problems associated with functional structures.
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Divisional structures based on product, geography, customer, and process.
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Types of divisional structures and how they group
job and activities:
• Product structures focus on a single product or service.
• Geographical structures focus on the same location or
geographical region.
• Customer structures focus on the same customers or
clients.
• Process structures focus on the same processes.
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Matrix structure
• Combines functional and divisional structures to gain
advantages and minimize disadvantages of each.
• Used in:
• Manufacturing
• Service industries
• Professional fields
• Non-profit sector
• Multi-national corporations
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Matrix structure in a small multiproject business firm.
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Team structures
• Extensively use permanent and temporary teams to solve
problems, complete special projects, and accomplish day-to-day
tasks.
• Often use cross-functional teams.
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How a team structure uses cross-functional
teams for improved lateral relations.
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Network structures
• A central core that is linked through networks of relationships
with outside contractors and suppliers of essential services.
• Own only core components and use strategic alliances or
outsourcing to provide other components.
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A network structure for a Web-based retail business.
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Spans of control in “flat” versus “tall” structures.
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Entrepreneurial Structure
• Often found where businesses operate in competitive markets and especially where rapid decisions are needed
• Have a few core workers at the centre of the organisation and peripheral workers surrounding them
• Depends on how good the core workers are at managing and making decisions
• Can be difficult for larger organisations