2/27/2010

1

What is ‘Nano’?

SCI 102SANYAL

Nanoscale = billionths (10-9)

6 billion people8000 mile diameter

10 billion components8 inch diameter

2/27/2010

2

Nano in Therapeutics

Advanced Visual Instruments Inc.http://www.med.unibs.it/~marchesi/pps97/course/section11/insulin.html

Drugs: up to ~10 nm

Example: Insulin

Surgery: down to ~100 µm

Example: Ophthalmologic

Microsurgery

Cellular Components: Nano Dimension

2/27/2010

3

Chemistry of Objects at Nanoscale: Macromolecules

&

What has nanotechnology

got to do

with Macromolecules?

2/27/2010

4

What is NanoTech?

Why Nano?

BREAKTHROUGHS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF

PROPERTIES AT THE NANOSCALE PERMIT

NEW SOLUTIONS,

NEW APPLICATIONS,

NEW CAPABILITIES

BASED ON THIS UNDERSTANDING

2/27/2010

5

Nano Size Effects...

Red color is due to very small amounts of gold powder (about 40 ppm)

History of Nanoparticles

Lycurgus Cup 4th Century AD

2/27/2010

6

Glazed Windows

Queensland University of Technology

History of Nanoparticles

2/27/2010

7

Effects of Size of nanocrystals:

Source: Mirkin Research Group

Effects of Nanoscale

Structural differences:Bulk Carbon

Nanoscale Carbon

Carbon Nanotubes

Sumio Iijima - 1991

C60 (Buckeyball)

Smalley, Curl, Kroto

1996 Nobel Prize

Graphite Diamond

2/27/2010

8

Effects of Nanosize:

Where was NANO until now?

NANO has been around since centuriesbut

We can see it now….Due to advancements in Instrumentation

� “Quantum Corral”

� 48 Fe atoms positioned by the STM used to image them

http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/home_facts.html

2/27/2010

9

NANO is everywhere now…

No More Wet Pants….

Surface Modifications

2/27/2010

10

No need to be embarrased for smelly feet....

Hard to break….

Nanotube Reinforced Composites

2/27/2010

11

Bouncier Balls….

Jan 2002

Clay nanocomposites

� LabNow Blood Analyser

“Tiny channels in a card filter white from red blood cells. When the card is popped into the analysing machine, it can come up with a white-cell count in 10 to 15 minutes. This could be important for HIV/Aids treatment.” Business Week

� Bandages embedded with silver nanoparticles

� Drug delivery via a patch

� Thin films on implantations into the human body (for example screws, joints, and stents) allowing devices to last longer

� Respiration monitors that are many times more sensitive

� Man-made skin for skin graft applications. National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network

Nano Health Care

2/27/2010

12

“Samsung has rolled out a line of fridges and

washing machines that use nanocoatings to

prevent nasty bugs from growing. Specks of

silver, as small as one nanometer across, are

used to coat surfaces. These nanoparticles are

so electrically active that they inhibit the growth

of harmful bacteria and fungs. In its fridge,

Samsung used the nanosilver in the

deodorizer unit and water dispenser to sanitize

the air and water that passes over them.”

Business Week

Samsung Nano SilverSeal Refrigerator

How does nanosilver kill bacteria?

Driving Force of This Century?

2/27/2010

13

Nano-Therapeutics

Functionalization with groups that

recognize and kill cancer cells

Hope for multifunctional “smart” therapeutics

Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for

Medicine and Biological Science

Nano-Therapeutics

Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science

Synthesis of dendritic polymers

From Brad Orr, U of M

POLYMERS CAN BE SPHERICAL TOO!...Soft NanoBalls

2/27/2010

14

Fabrication of Microstuctures and their Chemical Modifications:

Introduction of Microfabrication and Nanofabrication

1959….

2/27/2010

15

About half a Century later…….

Source: Mirkin Research Group