TRADE BETWEEN AND AMONG THE CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS

What did the Indi-ans trade?

Cultural• Art: Hellenistic • Science: Mathe-

matics + Astron-omy (export)

• Religion: Buddhism spreads; few Hindu converts

Commercial• From India:

• Spices• Ivory• Jade• Textile• Pepper

• Into India:• Silk• Gold and Silver

bullion

Technological• Paper• Medicine• Warfare methods• Ayurveda• Architecture• Civil engineering• Ship building

WHO DID THEY TRADE WITH?

Romans

Arabs

Greek

Chinese

Bactria

Malay

WHO DID THEY TRADE WITH?

Not part of the main Silk Road, however, active regional trade

MEDITERRANEAN TRADE (WHAT)

What they traded: AnimalsAgricultural ProductsWineSlavesAmberIronGemstonespottery

MEDITERRANEAN TRADE (HOW AND WHO)

Spanned Persia, Egypt, Rome, and India

On land and sea Ideas: Hellenism Goods: numbers,

and writing systems Hellenism, numbers,

writing systems, = explosion of intellectual activity

Idea of Monotheism

WHO THE CHINESE TRADED WITH

- Ancient Europe country knew China even there wasn’t trade between China and ancient western country. Because when the period was Qin Dynasty, they built the Great Wall. As you know word “China” is from Qin dynasty which is the Persian and the Greek.

- Silk road wasn’t found accidently. After China has been civilized, they found way to get to the northern Europe, however, trade was prevalent in Han Dynasty in the second century BC, the Chinese were regularly trading silk and grain for horses and jade with the western barbarians .

- Main ancient country that trade with China:- Greek- Roman- Persian- Indian

WHAT THE CHINESE WANTED…

WHAT THE PARTHIANS/ARABIANS/ROMANS WANTED…

WHAT ARE THE SILK ROADS?

What are the Silk Roads?-a series of trade routes that connect the East,

South, and Western Asia (the “Orient”) with the Mediterranean, Europe, and North Africa (the “West”)

Why “Silk Road?”-the name derives from silk trade with China,

popular during the classical period

Source: Spodek, Howard. The World's History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006. Print.

WHERE ARE THE SILK ROADS?

Map Source: Spodek, Howard. "Eurasian Trade." Map. The World's History. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2006. 183. Print.

Mainstream + Sidestreamfrom Southern Europe through Arabia, Somalia, Egypt, Persia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Java, and Vietnam, and China *Note Bactria

WHY WERE THEY IMPORTANT?

Was a main cite of cultural, commercial, and technological exchange between classical civilizations

The traded commodities, ideas, and cultures affected classical civilizations significantlyex) Buddhism from India to China

silk, bronze, Indian textiles, world religions, epidemics, etc. The exchange, starting at around 300 BCE, lasted until

around European colonialism (some routes still in function)

Source: Spodek, Howard. The World's History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006. Print.

DISCUSS ROLE OF NOMADS IN SILK ROAD TRADE

*Nomads (barbarians, horsemen) : a member of a people or tribe that has no permanent abode but moves about from place to place, usually seasonally and often following a traditional route or circuit according to the state of the pasturage or food supply.

-Invader

-Motivator

*ROLE?

-Carrier

-Conqueror

“Religions of the Silk road” -Richard C. Foltz-on a different level, the nomads would often attack and plunder the settled folk, like wolves raiding chicken coops (24)

*Invader

“Worlds of History, a comparative reader third edition” –Kevin Reily-Barbarian peoples/ primitive savages repeatedly invaded the early Eurasian civilized centers in Europe, the middle East, India, China (379)

*Motivator

-The barbarians can and should be viewed as representing a dynamic and vital element in human history for the periodically revived many coastal civilization. Many of these sedentary centers flourished, growing rich and powerful.

“Religions of the Silk road” -Richard C. Foltz

-The late medieval period provides even more example of cultural diffusion via the movement. Of barbarians along the Inner Asian steppe highway. The great Eurasian Pax Monglica opened the way for much cultural cross fertilization in 13 C late- early 14C.

*Conqueror

*Carrier

“Worlds of History, a comparative reader third edition” –Kevin Reily-In its early stages each civilization was somewhat isolated from the others.“Overland trade & contact was possible only through the barbarian steppe highwaywhich stretched over five thousand miles across Eurasia, from Hungary to Manchuria.”(385)

-In the process they became conservative, settled into a fixed routine (384)

“Worlds of History, a comparative reader” –Kevin Reily-Chinese inventions like gunpowder and printing made their way to the Middle East and Europe. Chinese artillerymen accompanied the Mongol armies into the Middle East. (385)

-The steppe nomads of Inner Asia or Central Eurasia conquered many civilization with archery skill (for fact: they could be shot up to three hundred yards with accuracy) (385)

Christianity

- Easy access to other countries

- Flexible adoptation / syncretism

- Genesis 12:1 - 4

Pictures from Wikipedia

Manichaeism - Manichaeism was not persecuted in the Silk Road (Uighur)

- Although championed…

- In “Great hymn to Mani”, many figures of other religions appear

Pictures from Wikipedia

http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Asia201/links201.htm

www.wikipedia.com

WHERE IS DUNHUANG?

Dunhuang was the city of ancient Northern Silk Road that connected the ancient Chinese capital of Xi’an.

Dunhuang is sacred place because it has lots of Buddhism relics that includes Buddhist religion and art and there were lots of famous Chinese pilgrims were Fa-hsien, Xuan-zang and I-tsing.

It is located in an rich oasis containing Crescent Lake.

SPREAD OF BUDDHISM

Silk Road opened the way for missionaries from India to China.

Early Buddhists monks arrived at Dunhuang via the Silk Road.

For many years, Buddhists monks at Dunhuang collected scriptures from the West.

Many pilgrims passed through the area and painted murals inside the Mogao Caves.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dunhuang_location.png

http://octopusg.blogspot.com/2005_12_01_archive.html

Epidemics in Silk Road

• Main epidemics: small pox, measles, bubonic plague

• Rome: population dropped by a quarter from the first to tenth century CE

• China: population dropped by a quarter from the first to seventh century CE

• Thus disease also traveled through the Silk Road which effected the adjacent regions especially China and Rome

Bubonic plague

• The main plague that caused the Black Death

• Originated in Africa• Spread to the Mediterranean and

eventually China by the Silk Road• Constantinople: one half to one third

died in the first wave of 542-544• China: in severe regions like the

Shensi Province 98% died

Effects of the epidemics

• Rome: population decreased and economy contracted hence leading to the weakening of the Roman Empire

• However, interestingly regions like north Europe did not get effected due to the lack of trade

• China: also population decrease economy contracted and fall of Han empire

• However in both Rome and China small re-gional economies emerge

MARITIME SILK ROAD TRADING ROUTE HIGHLIGHTED IN BLUE

http://chiarch.wordpress.com/2009/06/22/800-year-old-merchant-wreck-to-be-excavated/

WHAT DID THEY TRADE?

India

· Textiles · Spices (Black pepper) · Tea ( introduced from China by Europeans ) · Opium ( for export to China ) · Entrepot for goods from other countries

China· Silk · Porcelain (china) · Tea

Moluccan Islands • Spices: Nutmeg, Cloves and Mace

Java • Coffee, Tea

Ceylon

•Cinnamon & Pearls•Elephants for India•then Tea

http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~vaucher/Genealogy/Documents/Asia/EuropeanExploration.html

LUXURIES THAT WERE TRADED

http://www.khulsey.com/jewelry/jewelry_history_india.html