What can programming do in our economy?

What brought out the need for creating programs?

Can programming make our daily lives uncomplicated?

TERMINOLOGIES• PROGRAMMING

• PROGRAMMER

• GIGO

PROGRAMMING• artificial language designed to

communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.

• Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.

PROGRAMMING• is the art and science of creating

computer programs—a program being a list of instructions that the computer must follow in order to process data into information.

PROGRAMMER• a specialist in one area of computer

programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

• programmer's primary computer language (C, C++, Java, Lisp, Python)

OTHER TERMS• software developer, Web Developer,

Mobile Applications Developer, Embedded Firmware Developer, software engineer, computer scientist, or software analyst.

PROGRAMMER• Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace was

an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine.

GIGO • (Garbage in, garbage out)

• It is used primarily to call attention to the fact that computers will unquestioningly process the most nonsensical of input data ("garbage in") and produce nonsensical output ("garbage out").

GIGO • The term was brought to prominence as a

teaching mantra by George Fuechsel, an IBM 305 RAMAC technician/instructor in New York.

• EX.: if a program asked you to enter a letter of the alphabet and you decided to be funny and enter "3.14159", there's a good chance the results you would get back would be pretty messed up, or "garbage."

GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGES

First Generation: Machine Languages

• 1940’s- early 1950’s emergence of first generation languages(1GL)

• Used only string of zeroes(0) and ones(1) called binary codes.

ENIAC

Second Generation: Assembly Languages

• Early mid-1950’s emergence of second generation languages (2GL)

• Refer to some form of symbolic language.• Used mnemonics or very short words for

commands.• A typical 2GL instruction looks like this:

ADD 12,8

Assorted Component Transistor

Third Generation: High Level Languages

• Began to unfold during the mid to late 1950’s.

• Most modern computer languages belong to this generation.

• Largely machine independent or portable.

• Sample Languages:PL/I, C, or Java. Java language statements look

like this: public boolean handleEvent (Event evt)

{ switch (evt.id) { case Event.ACTION_EVENT: { if ("Try me" .equald(evt.arg)) {

Third Generation: High Level Languages

MICROPROCESSOR

Fourth Generation: Declarative Languages

• language is designed to be closer to natural language than a 3GL language.

• Languages for accessing databases are often described as 4GLs.

• Examples: Standard ML, isp, Haskel, SQL, Oracle Designer & Developer, Informix 4GL, and Visual Basic.

Fifth Generation: AI• Wave of the future during 1990’s.• An outgrowth of artificial intelligence research

in 1980s.• Rely on algorithms defined by the

programmer.• Concentrates on what the problems need to

be solved and what conditions or rules a solution must satisfy.

Fifth Generation: AI• Well –suited for artificial intelligence

applications, expert system and neural networks.

• NEURAL NETWORK is a computer architecture modeled after the human brain’s network of neurons. It imitates the brain’s ability to adapt and learn from past patterns.

• EXPERT SYSTEM is an application that uses a knowledge-base of human expertise, heuristics, and an inference engine to suggest solutions to problems in a particular project.

Fifth Generation: AI

Sample languages:

Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury.

Fifth Generation: AI