wellington opp 2011 annual report

2011ANNUAL REPORT

COUNTY OF WELLINGTON

O.P.P.www.wellington.ca or www.opp.ca

INSPECTOR, SCOTT SMITH

On behalf of all the members of the Wellington County O.P.P. Detachment I am very pleased to present the 2011 Annual Report. This report demonstrates the values of professionalism and commitment to excellence of the members

of this detachment. As the County grows and changes, the Wellington County O.P.P. Detachment continues to remain respectful of each citizen and community. The vision of the O.P.P. is “Safe Communities…A Secure Ontario” and the Wellington County Detachment is committed to working with community stakeholders to build safe communities.

For the 2nd straight year Macleans Magazine listed Wellington County as Canada’s 2nd Safest Community – the safest for crimes of violence. This is supported by a community satisfaction survey completed in 2011 which indicated that 98.7% of the population in Wellington County felt safe living here. In 2011, property crime and crimes of violence both decreased, still further. Ontario’s Mobilization and Engagement Model of Community Policing has served as the foundation for our crime prevention efforts. In conjunction with this model our partnerships with the interested citizens of each community is working well in Wellington County.

Safety on the roadways in Wellington County is equally important to us. Unfortunately, 2011 saw 313 motor vehicle collisions that resulted in injury – in 7 of these the injuries resulted in death. The number of fatalities, while below historic averages, is still way too high. The Community Satisfaction Survey indicated that 92.6% of those surveyed were satisfied with the level of visibility of the O.P.P. on the highways but that we could do a better job in enforcing the laws related to aggressive and impaired driving. The Wellington County O.P.P. members are committed to reducing the severity and trauma associated to motor vehicle collisions. Through increased visibility and enforcement we will continue to target impaired and aggressive driving along with distracted driving and the failure of vehicle occupants to buckle up.

I am very proud of the members of this detachment as they work hard day and night to keep Wellington County a safe place to live, work and play. I am appreciative of our many community partners who care enough about their communities to contribute their time and efforts to partnering with us in cooperative problem solving. I trust that you will find this report informative. If you have constructive suggestions on how we can do better or better yet, if you’d like to be involved with the community safety issues within your community please do not hesitate to contact me.

R. Scott SmithInspector, Detachment CommanderWellington County Detachment


O.P.P.

POLICE SERVICES BOARDLYNDA WHITE - CHAIRPERSON

My role as the Chairperson of the Police Services Board for 2011 has once again been a rewarding one. It was indeed a year of challenges and changes. Due to the municipal election in the fall of 2010, the Police Services Board went through some changes in personnel. Russ Spicer was named Vice Chair of the board. Linda Austin remains as a board member as does the Warden, Chris White from Guelph Eramosa. Newly added to the board was Jeremy Vink from Centre Wellington.

The Police Services Board reviews and approves the operating budget for policing in Wellington County annually. The budget is then submitted to County Council for approval, normally occurring by the end of January. The 2011 operating budget included the following items:

• The Ontario Provincial Police contract at $15,637,000• Principal and interest payments on long-term debt for the Rockwood Operations Centre: $362,900 • Note that no debt was required to be issued for the Centre Wellington Operations Centre.• Maintenance and operations of the County owned police facilities in Rockwood, Palmerston and Fergus: $285,600• All other items including Board expenses, parking ticket and false alarm administration: $155,300

A small portion of the cost of policing in Wellington County is recovered from rent payments from the Province for the use of the Rockwood facility, from certain provincial grant programmes, from parking tickets, false alarms, reserve transfers and other fees and charges. The vast majority of the cost of policing is funded from property taxes.

2011 saw the completion of the $6 million capital plan to build a new police operations centre in Centre Wellington located on the County Campus at Aboyne. The new building accommodates all of the officers in a new, state-of-the-art policing facility. This building was opened officially on the 29th of April, 2011 and is a fine example of what the County is most proud of.

Wellington County has always prided itself on building and owning functional, well laid out buildings to provide a positive work environment for the people who serve the residents of this wonderful county. This operations (centre) has many interesting features including many green environmental initiatives.

County Council has given the go ahead for a new operations (centre) to be built for the northern part of the county at a budgeted figure of $7.5 million. This operations (centre) being built in Teviotdale at the

corner of Highway 109 and County Road 7 is to service Minto, Mapleton and Wellington North and will be available for use in the later part of 2013.

We will also be adding two new unformed O.P.P. officers this year as per our contract to help enhance community safety.

The Mounted Unit continues to be an important part of our O.P.P. operations. This past year saw the addition of a new member of the team. His name is Moose and he is a beautiful black percheron horse; a companion for Bosco and Jasper.

Every year I include this as part of my annual message. Drinking and driving and domestic abuse are major crimes in Wellington. This is such an important issue for our officers and they will continue to focus on drinking and driving and domestic violence. It is so important to concentrate on these issues as they are unfortunately widespread problems in Wellington County.

This year also brings a focus on a Program called Safe Communities. According to MacLean’s magazine; Wellington County is the second safest community in Canada. The safest for violent crimes. This new program is very important for public safety. It will involve leaders from local government, public health, police, emergency services, fire, educational institutions and the Community Policing committees from the lower tier municipalities. These are but a few of the service providers that will be included in this project. Some of the Community Policing committees were renamed as the Safe Communities Committees and the hope is to all work together for the public good and Wellington County will eventually be part of this international initiative.

It is important for the residents of Wellington to understand that policing is the responsibility of the entire community. If you see a crime being committed please contact the police. Your safety is their priority but they need your help to ensure that Wellington County remains a safe and secure community to live, work and play in.

Lynda WhiteChairperson, Police Services Board

PAGE 2 - COUNTY OF WELLINGTON O.P.P. ANNUAL REPORT

SUSAN GRAY, SCOTT SMITH, JACK HUNJAN

FRONT: WARDEN CHRIS WHITE, LYNDA WHITE,BACK: RUSS SPICER, JEREMY VINK, LINDA AUSTIN

20%

40%

60%

80%

The OPP and the CommunitySolve Local Problems

Solve Local Problems31.5% 1.3%7.3%59.9%

VerySatisifed Satisfied Dissatisfied

VeryDissatisfied

THE O.P.P. AND THE COMMUNITY SOLVE LOCAL PROBLEMS



O.P.P.

O.P.P. COMMUNITY SATISFACTION SURVEY 2011

20%

40%

60%

80%

Feeling of Safety60.5% 0.0%1.3%38.2%

The OPP and the CommunityFeeling of Safety

VerySafe Safe Unsafe

VeryUnsafe

20%

40%

60%

80%


VeryDissatisfied

Overall Satisfaction

Overall Satisfaction

36.0% 1.6%5.5%56.9%

20%

40%

60%

80%

The OPP and the CommunityVisibility

Visibility in the Community

Visibility on the Highways29.1%

35.3%

1.8%

1.6%

10.7%

5.8%

58.4%

57.3%


VeryDissatisfied

20%

40%

60%

80%

The OPP’s Effectiveness

Enforcing aggressive driving laws

Enforcing drunk driving laws20.5%

34.9%

1.3%

1.9%

11.7%

9.7%

66.4%

53.6%


VeryDissatisfied

1.5

Very Unsafe - 1

Unsafe - 2

Safe - 3

2.5

Very Safe - 4

3.5

The OPP and the CommunitySafety Average

3.59 / 4

THE O.P.P.’S EFFECTIVENESSTHE O.P.P. AND THE COMMUNITY SAFETY AVERAGE

OVERALL SATISFACTION

• 98.7% of respondents felt ‘very safe’ or ‘safe’ in their community.

THE O.P.P. AND THE COMMUNITYFEELING OF SAFETY

THE O.P.P. AND THE COMMUNITYVISIBILITY

• On average, respondents felt part way between ‘safe’ and ‘very safe’ in their community (3.59/4).• There were no statistically significant differences found between any of the communities.

• 87.5% of respondents were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the O.P.P.’s visibility in their community. • 92.6% of respondents were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the O.P.P.’s visibility on the highways.

• 91.4% of respondents were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the O.P.P.’s ability to work with communities to solve local problems.

• 86.9% of respondents were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the O.P.P.’s enforcement of aggressive driving laws.• 88.5% of respondents were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the O.P.P.’s enforcement of drunk driving laws.

• Overall, 92.9% of respondents were ‘very satisfied’ or ‘satisfied’ with the quality of police service provided by the O.P.P..

The 2011 O.P.P. Community Satisfaction Survey is the first time the O.P.P. has used a commercial research company to conduct the surveys. Previous surveys have been conducted by local volunteers from within each Detachment.

The research company R.A. Malatest & Associates Ltd. conducted this telephone survey between January 28, 2011 and April 3, 2011.

Randomly selected telephone numbers and Random Digit Dial were used to sample respondents who were at least 16 years old, where no member of the household was employed by the O.P.P..

These 385 completed surveys represent a margin of error of +/- 5%, 19 times out of 20. Where scale responses are presented as means, the margin of error is +/- 5%.

385 completed surveys were broken down into the following groups for analysis:

130 respondents from Fergus, which primarily consists of Fergus and Elora, but also includes parts of smaller communities like West Garafraxa, Nichol and Pilkington;

108 respondents from Mount Forest, which includes the communities of Drayton, Maryborough, Mount Forest, Peel, West Luther, and Arthur;

95 respondents from Rockwood, which includes Erin, Guelph-Eramosa and Puslinch; and

52 respondents from Palmerston, which includes Clifford, Harriston, Minto and Palmerston.

Domestic Disturbance 43Sexual Assault 3Assault 23Robbery 0Break & Enter 17Auto Theft 18Theft 46Theft from Motor Vehicle 25Mischief 18 Total Calls for Service 2157

46

34

317

18

18

23

25

46

34

317

18

18

23

25

Occurrences by MunicipalityPuslinch


29

28

59

14

18

24

29

28

59

14

18

24

Occurrences by MunicipalityMapleton

OCCURRENCES FOR THEMUNICIPALITY OF MAPLETON


CALLS FOR SERVICE

Centre Wellington 5996Erin 2156Puslinch 2157Guelph-Eramosa 3615Wellington North 3169Mapleton 1320Minto 2384

5996

3615

1320

2156

2157

2384

3169

5996

3615

1320

2156

2157

2384

3169

Calls for Serviceby Municipality

CALLS FOR SERVICE BY MUNICIPALITY

80

60

101224

28

44

50

80

60

101224

28

44

50


Occurrences by MunicipalityErin

OCCURRENCES FOR THEMUNICIPALITY OF ERIN


140140

117

81345

53

63

111

1

117

81345

53

63

111

1

Occurrences by MunicipalityCentre Wellington

OCCURRENCES FOR THE MUNICIPALITYOF CENTRE WELLINGTON


114

114

7 21327

51

56

102

114

114

7 21327

51

56

102

Occurrences by MunicipalityWellington North

OCCURRENCES FOR THEMUNICIPALITY OF PUSLINCH

OCCURRENCES FOR THE MUNICIPALITYOF WELLINGTON NORTH

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2008 2009 2010 2011

9-1-1 Misdials Continue

+49%

+51%

+49%

+51%

1016 1038

1570

2340 ?911 MISDIALS CONTINUE(County of Wellington, ON.) –Throughout the County of Wellington, police everyday respond to various calls for service. The County of Wellington O.P.P. continue to respond to an ever increasing number of 911 calls.

Looking at a typical date, March 1, 2012 in a twenty four hour period, your County of Wellington O.P.P. officers received and responded to a total of eighteen 911 calls. Seventeen of these were either a young child is playing with the cell phone, or a person has pocket dialled with the cell phone not locked. The remaining call was a non emergent call; with a home owner reporting suspicious activity over the past couple days.

Police officers have to respond to each one of these types of calls to ensure the safety of the caller, phone owner or child. If you do make an error in your dialling, speak with the call taker; stay on the line so that officers can attend as quickly as possible to verify the safety of the caller and the dialling error.

Please ensure that the 911 dialling is used only for emergency use. If you require a police officer to attend for service such as neighbour dispute, frauds, criminal activity or most collisions etc; please use the toll free O.P.P. dispatch number of 1.888.310.1122.

did you

know


54

51

21122

24

32

48

54

51

21122

24

32

48

Occurrences by MunicipalityGuelph-Eramosa

OCCURRENCES FOR THEMUNICIPALITY OF GUELPH ERAMOSA

OCCURRENCES FOR THEMUNICIPALITY FOR MINTO


1 TRAFFIC COMPLAINTS 32032 911 CALLS NO EMERGENCY 26583 MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS 23704 POLICE ASSISTANCE 21785 FALSE ALARMS 9616 TRAFFIC HAZARD 5957 DOMESTIC DISPUTES 4958 MISCHIEF TO PROPERTY 4819 THEFT UNDER $5000 43510 LOST PROPERTY 421

TOP TEN CALLS FOR SERVICE

Calls for Service

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2,3222,384

1,2521,320

3,1723,169

3,2243,615

1,8362,157

2,1522,156

6,2145,996

20102011

Town of Minto

Mapleton Township

Wellington North

Guelph/Eramosa

Puslinch To

wnship

Town of Erin

Centre W

ellington

CALLS FOR SERVICE COMPARISON 2010 TO 2011

Popu

latio

n

0

20

40

60

80

100

140

160

120

180

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

WCOPP Police Officers per 100,000 Population

103145

105145

105145

108147

114150

116158

115158

115155

116162

Wellington County OPPOther Police Services

POLICE OFFICERS PER 100,000 POPULATION

Dolla

rs

50

100

150

300

250

200

103159

105169

108185

110199

105213

120228

129238

147252

152265

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

WCOPP Operating Costs per Capita

0Wellington County OPP

Other Police Services

OPERATING COSTS PER CAPITA IN COMPARISON WITH MUNICIPAL POLICING AGENCIES WITH A POPULATION 50,000-99,999

TRENDS


102

74

21419

29

30

64

1

102

74

21419

29

30

64

1

Occurrences by MunicipalityMinto

Note: O.P.P. contract operating costs cannot be accurately compared to that of the municipal police services. It is strictly to provide a snapshot of the costs associated to operating a stand-alone police service.

Source: All statistics derived from “Police Resources in Canada” reports published by Statistics Canada.

COUNTY OF WELLINGTON O.P.P. ANNUAL REPORT

TRAFFICCRIME TRENDS

MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS10 YEAR FATAL PRIMARY CAUSE

2011 MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION DATA

?did you

knowYOU CAN PREVENT

A CRIME

The County of Wellington O.P.P. continue to encourage home owners and vehicle owners to be vigilant in securing autos when not in use. Police continue to respond to many calls for service each day involving someone with articles stolen from autos overnight. Following are a few valuable tips that may prevent you from becoming a victim of crime.

• Neverleaveyourautounlockedwhile unattended. • Neverleaveyourkeysinthevehicle.• Alwaysparkinawelllightedarea.• Neverleavevaluableobjectsinplain view. Remove them or secure them in thetrunk• Protectyourvehiclefromtheft. Alwaysrollupyourwindows.

This program is called“LockitorLoseit”.

Ability Impaired 7Animal - Wild or Domestic 0Follow Too Closely/Distracted 2Moving Violation 25Other 27Speed - Excessive/Inappropriate 34

25

27

34

27

25

27

34

27

10 Year FatalPrimary Cause

Fatal 7Personal Injury 306Property Damage 1599

1599

7306

1599

7306

2011 Data

Ability Impaired 5Animal - Wild or Domestic 341Follow Too Closely/Distracted 282Moving Violation 228Other 251Speed - Excessive/Inappropriate 456

341

251

282

456

5306

341

251

282

456

5306

2011 Primary CauseMOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS

2011 PRIMARY CAUSE

REPORT SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY!

The Police Services Board visited the General Headquarters on September27,2011.Lefttoright:DonnaBryce,JeremyVink,ChrisWhite,LyndaWhite,LindaAustin

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Break&Enter 281 301 360 316 220

Fraud 131 107 116 117 150

Mischief 551 633 684 640 481

TheftMotorVehicle 152 147 138 133 102

TheftUnder$5000 866 828 928 770 653

TheftfromMotorVehicle 297 313 380 266 188

TheftOver$5000 33 35 28 28 48

CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

DrugIncidents 221 233 194 232 182

LiquorIncidents 376 409 333 379 294

SuddenDeaths 73 80 70 73 66

MissingPersons 395 421 356 342 243

OTHER OCCURRENCES

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Assault 266 283 246 244 254

DomesticDisturbance 378 396 495 443 495

Threats 96 109 75 72 89

OtherOffences 52 57 50 57 41

CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS

DETACHMENT PERSONNEL STAFF STRENGTH HEADCOUNT

UNIFORM TOTAL Inspector 1

Staff Sergeant 2

Sergeant 15

Constable 109

TOTALUniform 127

CIVILIAN

Civilian Classified 19

TOTALCivilian 19

TOTAL 148

Contributors to the Collision

2008200920102011

352389424316

4138145

3062638340

81709099

112164196225

128178215163

253383387210

100

200

300

400

500Anim

al

Inappropriate Speed

Fail to Yield

Following too Closely

Improper Tu

rn

Distracte

d

Impaire

d

0

100

200

300

400

600

500

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fatal & PI MVCs vs Impaired Charges2007-2011

PI & FatalImpaired

434204

286173

313176

205181

294258

0

100

200

300

400

600

500

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Wellington Fatal & PI MVCs vs Seatbelt Charges2007-2011

PI & FatalSeatbelt

434537

286385

313317

205162

294348

0

4000

8000

16000

12000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

MVC vs Total Charges2007-2011

MVCCharges

224014772

179814094

191213161

18057727

202712104

FATAL AND PI COLLISIONS VS IMPAIRED CHARGES 2007-2011 CONTRIBUTORS TO THE COLLISION

COLLISIONS VS TOTAL CHARGES 2007-2011

WELLINGTON FATAL AND PI COLLISIONS VSSEATBELT CHARGES 2007-2011

POAPART1OFFENCES 2011 2010 2009

Speeding0-15Over 2496 3184 2000Speeding16-30Over 2476 3515 2383Speeding31-49Over 1955 2184 1015Speeding50+Over(RACING) 5 10 10PlatesandPermits 777 886 527Seatbelts 317 385 423FailtoSurrenderLicence 159 135 140FailtoStop-RedLight 67 63 109CarelessDriving 302 289 303NoLicence 112 140 92ImproperTurns 69 60 49DisobeyStopSign 158 213 108ImproperLighting 5 9 9DriveUnderSuspension 15 17 7FollowTooClosely 38 36 26OtherHighwayTrafficAct 716 759 526NoInsurance 13 23 21CompulsoryAutoInsuranceAct 555 762 465LiquorLicenceAct 273 401 360TrespasstoPropertyAct 78 100 92Smoke-FreeOntarioAct 0 6 3OtherProvincialStatutes 87 78 53BylawOffences 1062 999 1285TaxiBylaw 1 6DistractedDriver 317 160

IMPAIREDANDRIDESTATS 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007

VehiclesStopped 96579 89151 120664 87790 131318

RoadsideTests 389 427 591 435 368

WarnRangeSuspensions 152 183 222 200 192

AdministrativeLic.Suspensions 170 164 165 234 196

ImpairedOperation 60 79 85 108 98

Over80 148 150 149 215 182

FailtoProvide/RefuseSample 22 14 24 19 14

PersonsCharged 176 173 181 258 223


TRAFFIC

COUNTY OF WELLINGTON O.P.P. ANNUAL REPORT


O.P.P.

AWARDS

COMMUNITY

SHOP WITH A COP

Grade 6 students from Maryborough Public School had an opportunity to “Shop with a Cop” with numerous Wellington County O.P.P. Officers and Mapleton Fire Department Members. Cruisers and Fire trucks picked up the students at the school and transported them the Drayton Food Market. With $1100 of donations, 11 groups of 3 kids shopped for an hour. The goal was to use math skills such as estimation and unit rate to get as close to $100 as possible without going over. All of the food was generously donated to the Drayton Food bank. This annual event has proven to be great for building relationships between the police and the children of our local community….and it’s a lot of fun for everyone involved.

POLICE EXEMPLARYSERVICE MEDAL ( 20 Years )

S/Sgt Susan GRAYPC Guy MORIN PC Todd PRIDHAM

BUILDING SAFE COMMUNITIES

The Wellington County O.P.P. hosted the 2nd Annual Community Policing Conference at the County Museum on Saturday October 29th. Twenty-three people, representing each of the seven “Safe Community” Committees (formerly COP committees) in Wellington County attended. Throughout the day they had an opportunity to learn about local crime concerns and community involvement.

Each Safe Community Committee (SCC), in partnership with the Wellington County Detachment of the O.P.P., is comprised of citizens who live or work in a local community in Wellington County. The purpose of the Committee is to work towards the establishment of a healthy and safe community. The SCC works in a proactive, creative and innovative way to solve social order problems and establish strategies for the prevention of crime and resolution of identified issues. When the concerns or problems have been identified, the SCC will engage a number of community partners such as the police, health and social services, municipal or county departments and/or any other organization or group to combat the problem or concern.

The SCC is an integral part of the problem solving process and ultimately to assisting the community moving towards ever safer and more secure conditions – and when they get there, helping them stay that way. The Wellington County Detachment of the O.P.P. considers the Safe Community Committees in Wellington County to be vital to effectively identify and communicate community issues and concerns.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PRESENTATION

D.A.R.E.

• In2011,therewerethreetrainedD.A.R.E.Officersin Wellington County• TheOfficerswereConstableMikeDeboer,ConstableLaura Gromeder, and Constable Bob Bortolato. All were trained in the Elementary grade 6 program. Constable Bortolato has received training in the grade 8 program.• Approximately1000studentsgraduatedfromtheelementary grade 6 programs.• In2009D.A.R.E.wasin17schools• In2011D.A.R.E.wasin26of27schools• FundingisreceivedfromtheOptimistClubsintheCounty formostschools.TheLionsandLionessesofRockwood support Eramosa and Rockwood Centennial Public Schools. The Rotary Club supports Ponsonby Public School• TheO.P.P.wouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankthe sponsors for their support of this program. Without their involvement and financial assistance we would not be able to deliver this program in the community.• Thisprogramreceivesextremelypositiveresponsefromall involved including the students, the parents, the teachers and the administration of the school boards.• PicturedaboveisCst.BortolatoatoneoftheD.A.R.E. graduations.

175TH ANNIVERSARYOF THE FERGUS FALL FAIR

New ride - One of the new O.P.P. Eurocopters landed at the Fergus community centre over the weekend during the Fergus Fall Fair. From right: Pilot Sgt. Scott Ross, Fergus fair treasurer Paul Knierim, Wesley Knierim and Wellington County O.P.P. Inspector Scott Smith. photo by Mike Robinson

SPECIAL OLYMPICS TORCH RUN

Perfect weather - Members of the Wellington County O.P.P., Special Olympics volunteers and supporters gathered in downtown Fergus on June 7, 2011 for the final leg of theWellington portion of the O.P.P. torch run supporting the Special Olympics. photo by Mike Robinson

On the 10th of November 2011 members of the Puslinch C.O.P. committee in partnership with the Women in Crisis Centre of Guelph/Wellington and Victim Services Wellington made a presentation to members of the community regarding domestic violence. On this evening there were guest speakers who came to educate the community. Once this was completed there was a question and answer session opened up to the attendees. On this evening about 40 members of the community attended. There was also a silent auction that took place where approximately$1,100 was raised and donated back to Women in Crisis and Victim Services Wellington.

The Puslinch C.O.P. committee recognized Domestic Violence as a problem within their community and wanted to take proactive steps to try and reduce if not eliminate it. This was not the only venture they undertook they also facilitated the showing of a movie “Angela’s Ashes” which also addressed Domestic Violence issues. There was a large turnout for this event as well.

QUARTERCENTURY CLUB ( 25 Year pin )

PCChristineDIEBELPC Calvin HAUG

ALTERNATE FORMATS OF THE WELLINGTON COUNTY O.P.P. ANNUAL REPORT AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST