welcome to unit 2 any questions?
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Welcome to Unit 2 Any Questions?. Getting Ready For Project 1: Unit 3. Read assignment carefully Review Rubric and use as checklist Proof read carefully. Don’t depend on Spell Check alone! Use APA writing style. See sample paper in Doc Sharing. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Welcome to Unit 2Any Questions?
Getting Ready For Project 1: Unit 3
Read assignment carefully
Review Rubric and use as checklist
Proof read carefully. Don’t depend on Spell Check alone!
Use APA writing style. See sample paper in Doc Sharing.
Use KU Library, rather than the Internet to find your articles. If you aren’t familiar with the library, click on the link and take the orientation tour.
Questions?
Applied Behavior Analysis is grounded in Principles of Learning
Learningany process through which
experience at one time can alter an individual’s behavior at a future time
A relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge that is due to past experience
The study of LEARNING formed the basis for the approach in Psychology known as Behaviorism
BEHAVIORISM IS:The attempt to understand
observable activity in terms of observable stimuli and observable responses
IMPORTANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIORAL THEORYPAVLOVWATSONTHORNDIKESKINNER
Types of LearningRespondent or Classical
Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Behavior that is reflexive elicited by a stimulus)
When I smell food, I salivate
When I smell bad food, I gag
When A puff of air is blown in my face, I blink
Operant Learning
BF Skinner
Behavior that is shaped by consequences
I study hard for this test and get a high grade, so I study hard next test too.
I come to work all week and get paid, so I keep coming to work
The more projects I complete, the more I get paid, so I work as fast as I can
Important TermsIvan Pavlov: Founder of the practice of Classical ConditioningRespondent Conditioning: Synonymous term for Classical Conditioning.Unconditioned Stimulus: A stimulus that naturally produces a responseUnconditioned Response: A response that is naturally produced by the subject.Neutral Stimulus: A stimulus which normally does not elicit the response.Conditioned Stimulus: The formerly neutral stimulus which after pairing produces the responseConditioned Response: The response when produced by the Conditioned Stimulus (formerly neutral stimulus). Involuntary behavior: Behavior that can be modified through the use of Classical Conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936)
Russian Physiologist
Won a Nobel Prize for studying digestion in dogs
Pavlov and Classical Conditioning
Conditioning:
The process of learning associations between environmental events (stimuli) and responses
PAVLOV’S DOGS (re-enactment, of course)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54ho
Pavlov’s Dogs
Digestive reflexes and salivation
Psychic secretion
Neutral Stimulus—Bell
Does not normally elicit a response or reflex action by itselfa bell ringinga colora furry object
Unconditioned Stimulus—Food
Always elicits a reflex action: an unconditioned responsefoodblast of airnoise
Unconditioned Response —Salivation
A response to an unconditioned stimulus—naturally occurringSalivation at smell of foodEye blinks at blast of airStartle reaction in babies
Conditioned Stimulus—Bell
The stimulus that was originally neutral becomes conditioned after it has been paired with the unconditioned stimulus
Will eventually elicit the unconditioned response by itself
Conditioned Response
The original unconditioned response becomes conditioned after it has been elicited by the neutral stimulus
JOHN B. WATSON (1878-1958)
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select–doctor, lawyer, artist–regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors" (p. 104)
WATSON, JOHN B. 1930. Behaviorism, revised edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE
BEFORE CONDITIONINGRat (NS) No Fear response
Loud Noise Fear Response
DURING CONDITIONING
Rat + Loud Noise Fear Response
AFTER CONDITIONING
Rat Fear Response
Ethical IssuesNot likely this study would be done today!!
Rescorla, Robert A. (1988). Pavlovian Conditioning: It’s not what you think it is. American Psychologist, Vol 43(3),151-
160.
Consideration of Rescorla Article The circumstances that produce Pavlovian conditioning
are not as simple and automatic as an introductory discussion might lead you to believe
Conditioning involves more than contiguous pairing that produces associations between stimuli
Rather Conditioning involves learning relations between events
Multiple associations may be made during conditioning Ultimately associations represent useful information
that is coded in the organism Not all stimuli are equally associable and some types
conditioning happens more quickly
Any Questions?