welcome to “hazardous materials awareness” nfpa objective 2-1

WelcomeWelcometoto

“Hazardous Materials Awareness” “Hazardous Materials Awareness”

NFPA Objective 2-1

Acknowledgments

The preparation of this course was made possible The preparation of this course was made possible through the assistance, cooperation, and through the assistance, cooperation, and dedication of many people. The Washington State dedication of many people. The Washington State Patrol / Fire Services Bureau. Washington State Patrol / Fire Services Bureau. Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs and Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs and Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs Hazardous Materials Association of Fire Chiefs Hazardous Materials Division to thank all of the following persons and Division to thank all of the following persons and organizations for their roles in the development of organizations for their roles in the development of this coursethis course

Acknowledgments

1998 Revisions1998 Revisions– Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs, Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs,

Hazardous Materials DivisionHazardous Materials Division Sgt. Roy Glass, Washington State PatrolSgt. Roy Glass, Washington State Patrol Edward B. Lawson, MAFB Fire Dept.Edward B. Lawson, MAFB Fire Dept. Edward Bonollo, Union Gap Fire Dept.Edward Bonollo, Union Gap Fire Dept. Phil Philbin, Auburn Fire Dept.Phil Philbin, Auburn Fire Dept. Dave Sauerbrey, Vancouver Fire DeptDave Sauerbrey, Vancouver Fire Dept

Scope

This course is designed to provide the This course is designed to provide the student with the basic skills necessary to student with the basic skills necessary to safely and effectively manage the initial safely and effectively manage the initial activities of an emergency involving the activities of an emergency involving the uncontrolled release of dangerous uncontrolled release of dangerous chemicalschemicals

Scope

This class focuses on those individuals in This class focuses on those individuals in local jurisdictions who are most likely to local jurisdictions who are most likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance witness or discover a hazardous substance release, and who are expected by their release, and who are expected by their employer to initiate an emergency response employer to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release, taking no further actionof the release, taking no further action

Scope

This class is best suited for:This class is best suited for:– Emergency prehospital care personnelEmergency prehospital care personnel– Emergency telecommunications officersEmergency telecommunications officers– FirefightersFirefighters– Law enforcement officersLaw enforcement officers– Private industry workersPrivate industry workers– Public works personnelPublic works personnel

Course Goal

The goal of this training shall be to provide The goal of this training shall be to provide first responders with the knowledge and first responders with the knowledge and skills necessary to safely respond to and skills necessary to safely respond to and assess the hazards involved in a chemical assess the hazards involved in a chemical emergency and to make necessary emergency and to make necessary notificationsnotifications

Course Goal

Successful completion of this training Successful completion of this training should provide the student with the should provide the student with the necessary skills to objectively demonstrate necessary skills to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas:competency in the following areas:

Competencies

An understanding of the potential outcomes An understanding of the potential outcomes associated with an emergency created when associated with an emergency created when hazardous materials are presenthazardous materials are present

The ability to recognize the presence of The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous materials in an emergencyhazardous materials in an emergency

The ability to identify the hazardous The ability to identify the hazardous materials, if possiblematerials, if possible

Competencies

An understanding of the role of the first An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual in the responder awareness individual in the employer’s emergency response plan including employer’s emergency response plan including site security and control and the North site security and control and the North American Emergency Response GuidebookAmerican Emergency Response Guidebook

The ability to realize the need for additional The ability to realize the need for additional resources, and to make appropriate resources, and to make appropriate notifications to the communications centernotifications to the communications center

Course Introduction

WelcomeWelcome

Your Instructor(s) are…..Your Instructor(s) are…..– Name, title, background & experienceName, title, background & experience

And you are…..And you are…..– Name, title, background & experienceName, title, background & experience

– ExpectationsExpectations

Course Introduction

Class LogisticsClass Logistics– Start & Finish timesStart & Finish times– Class feesClass fees– Length of class periods & breaksLength of class periods & breaks– TestsTests– Accreditation & certificationAccreditation & certification– Class critiquesClass critiques– Rest roomsRest rooms– MealsMeals

Safety Keypoints

Always consider the possibility of multiple Always consider the possibility of multiple hazard categories in each hazard class.hazard categories in each hazard class.

Approach all hazardous materials incidents Approach all hazardous materials incidents from upwind, upgrade, and upstream, from upwind, upgrade, and upstream, positioning vehicles and apparatus headed positioning vehicles and apparatus headed away from the incident scene.away from the incident scene.

Safety Keypoints

In a hazardous materials incident you may In a hazardous materials incident you may have to delay attending to the injured in have to delay attending to the injured in order to save the lives of many othersorder to save the lives of many others

First operational priority: Isolate the hazard First operational priority: Isolate the hazard area and deny entryarea and deny entry

Safety Keypoints

Only those emergency personnel in the Only those emergency personnel in the proper level of compatible protective proper level of compatible protective clothing and positive pressure self-clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus “who are contained breathing apparatus “who are actively performing emergency operations” actively performing emergency operations” are to operate within the inner perimeterare to operate within the inner perimeter

Safety Keypoints

Minimum safety perimeter for citizens = Minimum safety perimeter for citizens = 1,000 feet beyond the inner perimeter 1,000 feet beyond the inner perimeter boundaries in open areasboundaries in open areas

To avoid inhalation hazards, self-contained To avoid inhalation hazards, self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus must positive pressure breathing apparatus must be properly worn, used, and maintainedbe properly worn, used, and maintained

Safety Keypoints

Never eat, smoke, or drink at or around Never eat, smoke, or drink at or around hazardous materials incident scenes until hazardous materials incident scenes until you decontaminate and wash your hands, you decontaminate and wash your hands, face, and hair thoroughlyface, and hair thoroughly

Consult protective clothing compatibility Consult protective clothing compatibility data to ensure available protective clothing data to ensure available protective clothing is compatible with the hazardous materials is compatible with the hazardous materials involved in the incidentinvolved in the incident

Safety Keypoints

Think Think SAFETYSAFETY with every with every breath you takebreath you take

RESPONSIBILITIES

First Responders at the Awareness Level First Responders at the Awareness Level are expected to:are expected to:– Recognize the presence of hazardous materials Recognize the presence of hazardous materials – Protect themselvesProtect themselves– Call for trained personnelCall for trained personnel– Secure the areaSecure the area

NFPA Objective 2-1.2

Course Goal

The goal of this training at the Awareness The goal of this training at the Awareness Level is to provide first responders with the Level is to provide first responders with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform knowledge and skills necessary to perform the following tasks safely:the following tasks safely:


GoalsImplement Actions

Consistent with local emergency response Consistent with local emergency response plans, the organizations standard operating plans, the organizations standard operating procedures, and the current edition of the procedures, and the current edition of the North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response Guidebook by completing the following Guidebook by completing the following tasks;tasks;


GoalsImplement Actions

Initiate protective actions consistent with local Initiate protective actions consistent with local emergency response plans, the organization’s emergency response plans, the organization’s standard operating procedures, and the NAERG.standard operating procedures, and the NAERG.

Initiate the notification processInitiate the notification process


First Responder Awareness

Awareness OverviewAwareness Overview

Hazardous Materials

““Any substance that poses an unreasonable Any substance that poses an unreasonable risk to life, the environment, or property risk to life, the environment, or property when when not properly containednot properly contained.”.”

Identifying the Problem

Increasing number of incidents.Increasing number of incidents. Increased hazardous materials legislation in Increased hazardous materials legislation in

response to public concern.response to public concern. Resolution responsibility of many agencies.Resolution responsibility of many agencies. Previous emergency response training Previous emergency response training

stresses taking stresses taking immediateimmediate action. action.

Basic Safety Guidelines

““Proper safety precautions must be taken to Proper safety precautions must be taken to reduce risks as much as possible.”reduce risks as much as possible.”

Reduce risk through trainingReduce risk through training Responders must be aware of multiple Responders must be aware of multiple

hazardshazards Don’t rush in!!!Don’t rush in!!! Positive attitude toward safety is an important Positive attitude toward safety is an important

part of your protective equipmentpart of your protective equipment

NAERG Safety Guidelines

When approaching a hazardous materials When approaching a hazardous materials incident:incident:– Approach cautiouslyApproach cautiously– Secure the scene Secure the scene – Identify the hazardsIdentify the hazards– Assess the situationAssess the situation– Obtain helpObtain help– Decide on site entryDecide on site entry

Purpose of Intervention

To To favorablyfavorably change the sequence of change the sequence of natural events in order to minimize the natural events in order to minimize the harm to the public, the environment, harm to the public, the environment, property and equipment that would occur property and equipment that would occur by natural stabilization.by natural stabilization.

Risk/Benefit Analysis

The benefit (reducing naturally occurring The benefit (reducing naturally occurring harm) should exceed the risk (harm harm) should exceed the risk (harm attributed to intervention).attributed to intervention).

Risk/Benefit Analysis

LowLow – Protecting environment, property or equipment.Protecting environment, property or equipment.

ModerateModerate– Attempt rescue of person(s) with Attempt rescue of person(s) with lowlow

probability of survival.probability of survival. HighHigh

– Attempt rescue of person(s) with Attempt rescue of person(s) with highhigh probability of survival.probability of survival.

Decision AlgorithmWhat are the outcomes of natural stabilization?

NO

Do nothing except protect exposures.

YES

Does the benefit from my intervention exceed the risk involved?

Do nothing except protect exposures.

YES

Engage in intervention operations as long as the benefit exceeds the risk!

NO

FeedbackLoop

Can I favorably change the outcomes of natural stabilization by my intervention?

Legislative Mandates for Training

WAC 296-62-300Washington Administrative Rule

29 CFR 1910.120Code of Federal Regulations

"Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response"

OSHA Response Levels

First Responder (Awareness level)First Responder (Awareness level) First Responder (Operations level)First Responder (Operations level) Hazardous Materials TechnicianHazardous Materials Technician Hazardous Materials SpecialistHazardous Materials Specialist On-Scene Incident CommanderOn-Scene Incident Commander

First Responder Awareness

Witness or discover a release.Witness or discover a release. Trained to initiate an emergency response Trained to initiate an emergency response

sequence by notifying the proper authorities sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release.of the release.

Take no further action beyond notifying the Take no further action beyond notifying the proper authorities of the release.proper authorities of the release.

First Responder Operations

Respond to releases as part of initial response to Respond to releases as part of initial response to the site.the site.

Protect nearby persons, property or the Protect nearby persons, property or the environment from the effects of the release.environment from the effects of the release.

Trained to respond in a Trained to respond in a defensivedefensive fashion without fashion without actually trying to stop the release.actually trying to stop the release.

Function is to contain the release from a safe Function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures.exposures.

Hazardous Materials Technician

Respond to releases for the purpose of Respond to releases for the purpose of stopping the release.stopping the release.

Trained to respond in an Trained to respond in an offensiveoffensive fashion fashion to actually try to stop the release.to actually try to stop the release.

Approach the point of the release in order to Approach the point of the release in order to plug, patch, or otherwise stop the release.plug, patch, or otherwise stop the release.

Hazardous Materials Specialist

Respond with and provide support to Respond with and provide support to hazardous material technicians.hazardous material technicians.

Their duties require a more directed or Their duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain.they may be called upon to contain.

Act as site liaison with Federal, state, local Act as site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government authorities in regards and other government authorities in regards to site activities.to site activities.

On Scene Incident Commander

Individuals who will assume control of the Individuals who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder incident scene beyond the first responder Awareness level.Awareness level.

This level requires at least Operations-level This level requires at least Operations-level training, as well as training specific to a training, as well as training specific to a hazardous materials incident commander as hazardous materials incident commander as outlined in the federal regulation.outlined in the federal regulation.

NFPA 472, 1997 Edition

Standard for Professional Competence of Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials IncidentsResponders to Hazardous Materials IncidentsConsensus standardsConsensus standards– Based on input from the fire service, private Based on input from the fire service, private

industry, manufacturers and governmental industry, manufacturers and governmental agenciesagencies

– Voluntary complianceVoluntary compliance Unless adopted at the state of local levelUnless adopted at the state of local level ““Standard of care” issuesStandard of care” issues


Competence required of responders to Competence required of responders to hazardous materials incidents.hazardous materials incidents.– First Responder AwarenessFirst Responder Awareness– First Responder OperationsFirst Responder Operations– Hazardous Materials TechnicianHazardous Materials Technician– Hazardous Materials SpecialistHazardous Materials Specialist– On-Scene Incident CommanderOn-Scene Incident Commander


– Private Sector EmployeesPrivate Sector Employees– Hazardous Materials Branch OfficerHazardous Materials Branch Officer– Hazardous Materials Branch Safety OfficerHazardous Materials Branch Safety Officer– Technician with a Tank Car SpecialtyTechnician with a Tank Car Specialty– Technician with a Cargo Tank SpecialtyTechnician with a Cargo Tank Specialty– Technician with an Intermodal Tank SpecialtyTechnician with an Intermodal Tank Specialty


Applies to all organizations that have EMS Applies to all organizations that have EMS responsibilities when responding to responsibilities when responding to hazardous materials incidents.hazardous materials incidents.– Level 1 HazMat/EMSLevel 1 HazMat/EMS– Level 2 HazMat/EMSLevel 2 HazMat/EMS

Emergency Response Planning

Pre-emergency planning & coordination with outside partiesPre-emergency planning & coordination with outside parties Personnel roles, lines of authority, training & communicationPersonnel roles, lines of authority, training & communication Emergency recognition & preventionEmergency recognition & prevention Safe distances & places of refugeSafe distances & places of refuge Site security & controlSite security & control Evacuation routes & proceduresEvacuation routes & procedures DecontaminationDecontamination Emergency medical treatment & first aidEmergency medical treatment & first aid Emergency alerting & response proceduresEmergency alerting & response procedures Critique of response & follow-upCritique of response & follow-up Personal protective clothing & emergency equipmentPersonal protective clothing & emergency equipment

Emergency Response Planning

Local agencies may use the local Local agencies may use the local emergency response plan, such as a city or emergency response plan, such as a city or county plan, in lieu of having their own county plan, in lieu of having their own individual agency plan, as long as it individual agency plan, as long as it contains all of the federally required plan contains all of the federally required plan elements.elements.

Standard Operating Procedures

Local agencies that choose to use the local Local agencies that choose to use the local emergency response plan instead of emergency response plan instead of developing their own individual agency developing their own individual agency plan should, as a minimum, develop the plan should, as a minimum, develop the federally mandated plan elements into federally mandated plan elements into standard operating procedures.standard operating procedures.

Analyzing the IncidentModule I

Given various facility and/or transportation Given various facility and/or transportation scenarios, with and without hazardous scenarios, with and without hazardous materials present, identify those scenarios materials present, identify those scenarios where hazardous materials are present. where hazardous materials are present.


Goals Analyze The Incident

To determine both the hazardous materials To determine both the hazardous materials present and the basic response information present and the basic response information by completing the following tasks:by completing the following tasks:– Detect the presence of hazardous materials Detect the presence of hazardous materials

Goals Analyze The Incident

– Survey a hazardous materials incident, from a Survey a hazardous materials incident, from a safe location, to identify the name, UN/NA safe location, to identify the name, UN/NA identification number, or the type of placard identification number, or the type of placard applied applied

– Collect hazard information from the current Collect hazard information from the current edition of the North American Emergency edition of the North American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG)Response Guidebook (NAERG)

Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods in Canada)

Definition: Definition: Any substance that poses an Any substance that poses an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of unreasonable risk to the health and safety of persons and/or the environment if it is not persons and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacturing, processing, packaging, use, manufacturing, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or transportation. disposal, or transportation.

NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1

Hazardous Material

Definition: Definition: United States Department of United States Department of Transportation (DOT) term that covers all Transportation (DOT) term that covers all hazard classes and divisions.hazard classes and divisions.


Hazardous Substance

Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals that, if EPA term for chemicals that, if released into the environment above a certain released into the environment above a certain amount, must be reported, and depending on amount, must be reported, and depending on the threat to the environment, federal the threat to the environment, federal involvement handling the incident can be involvement handling the incident can be authorized.authorized.


Extremely Hazardous Substances

Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals that must EPA term for chemicals that must be reported to the appropriate authorities if be reported to the appropriate authorities if released above the threshold reporting released above the threshold reporting quantity.quantity.


Toxic Chemicals

Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals whose total EPA term for chemicals whose total emissions or release must be reported annually by emissions or release must be reported annually by owners and operators of certain facilities that owners and operators of certain facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed toxic chemical.toxic chemical.


Hazardous Wastes

Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals that are EPA term for chemicals that are regulated under the Resource, regulated under the Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act.Conservation, and Recovery Act.


Hazardous Chemicals

Definition: Definition: OSHA term that denotes any OSHA term that denotes any chemical that would be a risk to employees chemical that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the work place.if exposed in the work place.


Dangerous Goods

Definition: Definition: In Canadian transportation, In Canadian transportation, hazardous materials are called dangerous hazardous materials are called dangerous goods.goods.


Identification Methods

DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions with DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions with examples, primary hazards of each class, examples, primary hazards of each class, and their associated placards and labels.and their associated placards and labels.


Hazard Classes and Divisions

DOT has classified hazardous materials DOT has classified hazardous materials according to their primary hazard and according to their primary hazard and assigned standardized symbols to identify assigned standardized symbols to identify the classes. the classes. – NOTENOTE:: Materials are grouped by their major Materials are grouped by their major

hazardous characteristic and many will have hazardous characteristic and many will have other hazards as well.other hazards as well.


Class 1 (Explosives)

Major Hazard: Major Hazard: ExplosionExplosion

Any substance or article, including a Any substance or article, including a device, that is designed to function by device, that is designed to function by explosion explosion (i.e...... an extremely rapid release (i.e...... an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) of gas and heat) or that, by chemical or that, by chemical reaction with itself, is able to function by reaction with itself, is able to function by explosion.explosion.


Divisions

DOT has divided Class 1 hazards into 6 DOT has divided Class 1 hazards into 6 divisions.divisions.


Class 1.1

Mass explosion that affects Mass explosion that affects almost the entire loadalmost the entire load– Black powderBlack powder

– DynamiteDynamite

– T-N-TT-N-T

– Blasting capsBlasting caps

– NitroglycerinNitroglycerin


Class 1.2

Projection hazard but Projection hazard but not a mass explosion not a mass explosion hazardhazard– Aerial flaresAerial flares

– Detonation cordDetonation cord

– Power device Power device cartridgescartridges


Class 1.3

Fire hazard and either a Fire hazard and either a minor blast or minor minor blast or minor projection hazardprojection hazard– Liquid-fueled rocket Liquid-fueled rocket

motorsmotors

– Propellant explosives Propellant explosives


Class 1.4

Presents a minor Presents a minor explosion hazardexplosion hazard– Practice ammunitionPractice ammunition

– Signal cartridgesSignal cartridges


Class 1.5

Very insensitive Very insensitive explosives with mass explosives with mass explosion hazardexplosion hazard– Prilled ammonium Prilled ammonium

nitrate fertilizernitrate fertilizer

– Blasting agentsBlasting agents


Class 1.6

Extremely insensitive Extremely insensitive explosivesexplosives– Does not have a mass Does not have a mass

explosion hazard.explosion hazard.


Class 2 Compressed Gases

Major Hazard: Major Hazard: BLEVEBLEVE Sub HazardsSub Hazards

– Flammable Flammable – OxidizerOxidizer– PoisonousPoisonous– CorrosiveCorrosive

Divided into 3 divisionsDivided into 3 divisions


Class 2.1 Flammable Gases

A material that is a gas at 68 degrees F or A material that is a gas at 68 degrees F or less at 14.7 psi or has a boiling point of 68 less at 14.7 psi or has a boiling point of 68 degrees or less at 14.7 psi.degrees or less at 14.7 psi.– Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of 13% 13%

or less by volumeor less by volume– Has a flammable range of at least Has a flammable range of at least 12% 12%

regardless of the lower limit.regardless of the lower limit.


Placard (Flammable)

RedRed background background White frameWhite frame


2

FLAMMABLEGAS

Class 2.2 Nonflammable, Nonpoisonous Gases

Any material or mixture that exerts an Any material or mixture that exerts an absolute pressure of 41 psia at 68 degrees F.absolute pressure of 41 psia at 68 degrees F.

Compressed gases, including liquefied gas, Compressed gases, including liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, and compressed pressurized cryogenic gas, and compressed gas in solution.gas in solution.


Placard (Non-Flammable)

Green backgroundGreen background White cylinderWhite cylinder


NON-FLAMMABLEGAS

Placard (Oxygen)

Yellow Yellow backgroundbackground Flaming “O”Flaming “O”


OXYGEN

Class 2.3 Poisonous Gas

Vaporize easily and very dangerous to life, Vaporize easily and very dangerous to life, even in small amounts. even in small amounts.

Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation.a hazard to health during transportation.

Presumed to be toxic because of laboratory Presumed to be toxic because of laboratory testing.testing.


LC-50 (Lethal Concentration, 50%)

Concentration of a material, expressed as Concentration of a material, expressed as parts per million which kills half of the lab parts per million which kills half of the lab animals in a given length of time.animals in a given length of time.

Significant in determining the toxicity of a Significant in determining the toxicity of a material; the lower the value, the more toxic material; the lower the value, the more toxic the substance.the substance.


Examples of Class 2.3 Gases

Anhydrous hydrogen fluorideAnhydrous hydrogen fluoride ArsineArsine Chlorine Chlorine Methyl bromide Methyl bromide Cyanide gasCyanide gas Hydrocyanic acid Hydrocyanic acid DiphosgeneDiphosgene

– 2.4 Gases (Canadian)2.4 Gases (Canadian)


Placards (Poison Gas)

White backgroundWhite background Skull & crossbonesSkull & crossbones


POISON

GAS

2

Class 3 Flammable Liquids

Major Hazard: Major Hazard: Burns readilyBurns readily

Flammable and combustible liquidsFlammable and combustible liquids


Flammable Liquids

Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of not Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of not more than 141 degrees F.more than 141 degrees F.– Three divisionsThree divisions

3.1 - FP 3.1 - FP < 0 < 0 degrees Fdegrees F 3.2 - FP 3.2 - FP 0 to < 73 0 to < 73 degrees Fdegrees F 3.3 - FP 3.3 - FP 73 to < 141 73 to < 141 degrees Fdegrees F


Combustible Liquid

Any liquid that does not meet the definition Any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flash of any other hazard class and has a flash point above 141 degrees F and below 200 point above 141 degrees F and below 200 degrees F.degrees F.– NOTENOTE: A flammable liquid with a flash point : A flammable liquid with a flash point

at or above 100 degrees that does not meet the at or above 100 degrees that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class except 9, definition of any other hazard class except 9, may be reclassified as combustible.may be reclassified as combustible.


Class 3 Placards

Flammable:Flammable:– Red Red background, white background, white

flame with the word flame with the word ““FLAMMABLEFLAMMABLE””

– Flame pictographFlame pictograph


33

FLAMMABLEFLAMMABLE

Class 3 Placards

Combustible:Combustible:– RedRed background, white background, white

flame with the word flame with the word ““COMBUSTIBLECOMBUSTIBLE” ”

– UN class numberUN class number


33

COMBUSTIBLECOMBUSTIBLE

Class 4 (Flammable Solids)

Major Hazard:Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a Rapid combustion with a liberation of mass quantities of smoke liberation of mass quantities of smoke (toxic).(toxic).– Divided into 3 divisionsDivided into 3 divisions


4.1 Flammable Solids


Three typesThree types– Wetted explosivesWetted explosives– Self-reactive Self-reactive

materialsmaterials– Readily combustible Readily combustible

solidssolids

FLAMMABLESOLID

4

Wetted Explosives

Explosives wetted with sufficient water, Explosives wetted with sufficient water, alcohol, or a plasticizer to suppress explosive alcohol, or a plasticizer to suppress explosive properties.properties.


Self Reactive Materials

Materials that are liable to undergo, at Materials that are liable to undergo, at normal or elevated temperatures, a strongly normal or elevated temperatures, a strongly exothermic decomposition.exothermic decomposition.


Readily Combustible Solids

Solids that may cause a fire through friction Solids that may cause a fire through friction and metal powders that can be ignited.and metal powders that can be ignited.


4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials

Self-heating material - a Self-heating material - a material that, when in material that, when in contact with air and contact with air and without an energy supply, without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.is liable to self-heat.


SPONTANEOUSLY

COMBUSTIBLE

4

Pyrophoric Materials

A liquid or solid that, even in small A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition quantities and without an external ignition source, can ignite within 5 minutes after source, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air.coming in contact with air.


Dangerous When Wet Materials

Material that, by contact Material that, by contact with water is liable to with water is liable to become spontaneously become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas flammable or toxic gas at a rate of greater than at a rate of greater than 1 l/kg.1 l/kg.


DANGEROUS WHENWET

4

Class 5 (Oxidizers)

2 Divisions2 Divisions Major Hazard 5.1: Major Hazard 5.1: Supports combustion Supports combustion

and intensifies fire.and intensifies fire. Major Hazard 5.2: Major Hazard 5.2: Unstable/reactive Unstable/reactive

explosivesexplosives


Materials that may, Materials that may, generally by yielding generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other the combustion of other materials.materials.


5.1 Oxidizers

OXIDIZER

5.1

5.2 Organic Peroxides

Any organic compound containing oxygen in Any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent O-O structure that may be the bivalent O-O structure that may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.been replaced by organic radicals.

Organic peroxides have been further broken Organic peroxides have been further broken down into types a-g down into types a-g (worst to least hazardous)(worst to least hazardous)..


Placard Organic Peroxides


ORGANICPEROXIDE

5.2

YellowYellow background background Flaming “O” with words Flaming “O” with words

“Organic Peroxide”“Organic Peroxide”

Class 6 Poisons

Major Hazard: Major Hazard: Toxicity,Toxicity, InfectiousInfectious 2 Divisions2 Divisions

– NOTENOTE: Poisonous gases are Class 2 Division 3: Poisonous gases are Class 2 Division 3


6.1 Poisonous Materials

A material, other than a gas, that is either known A material, other than a gas, that is either known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans, including irritating materials be toxic to humans, including irritating materials that cause irritation.that cause irritation.


6.1 Placard

White backgroundWhite background Skull and crossbonesSkull and crossbones Poison

6.1


6.2 Infectious Substances

A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes disease in humans or animals.causes disease in humans or animals.

Infectious substance and etiologic agents Infectious substance and etiologic agents are the same.are the same.


Class 6 Poisons

Class 6 materials are divided into 3 Class 6 materials are divided into 3 packaging groups (PG).packaging groups (PG).– PG I or II, other than PG I inhalation hazardPG I or II, other than PG I inhalation hazard– PG IIIPG III


Class 7 Radioactive

Major HazardMajor Hazard: : Radioactive poisonous Radioactive poisonous burnsburns

Definition: Materials Definition: Materials having a specific having a specific activity greater than activity greater than 0.002 microcurie per 0.002 microcurie per gram. gram.

RADIOACTIVE


Class 8 Corrosives

Major Hazard: Major Hazard: burns/emulsification skin damage.burns/emulsification skin damage.

Definition - A liquid or solid that causes visible Definition - A liquid or solid that causes visible or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue at or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue at the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.


Class 8 Placard

White topWhite top Black bottom Test tubesTest tubes Hand and steel barHand and steel bar


CORROSIVE

Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

A material that presents a A material that presents a hazard during transport, hazard during transport, but that is not included in but that is not included in another hazard classanother hazard class


Class 9

Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (Canada)Goods (Canada)

Division 9.2 - Environmentally Hazardous Division 9.2 - Environmentally Hazardous Substances (Canada)Substances (Canada)

Division 9.3 - Dangerous Wastes (Canada)Division 9.3 - Dangerous Wastes (Canada)


Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)

A material that presents a limited hazard A material that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its during transportation due to its – FormForm– QuantityQuantity– PackagingPackaging– No placard No placard


Forbidden Materials

Materials prohibited from being offered or Materials prohibited from being offered or accepted for transportation. Does not apply accepted for transportation. Does not apply if the materials are diluted, stabilized, or if the materials are diluted, stabilized, or incorporated in devices. There is no placard incorporated in devices. There is no placard for these items since they aren't transported.for these items since they aren't transported.


System Limitations

Dangerous placardDangerous placard 2,205 lbs or 1,000 kg. limitation2,205 lbs or 1,000 kg. limitation VisibilityVisibility Unclassified materials and exemptionsUnclassified materials and exemptions


Table 1 Hazard Classes & Placards

1.11.1 Explosives 1.1Explosives 1.1 1.21.2 Explosive 1.2Explosive 1.2 1.31.3 Explosives 1.3Explosives 1.3 2.32.3 Poison GasPoison Gas 4.34.3 Dangerous When Wet Dangerous When Wet 5.25.2 (Organic Peroxide (Organic Peroxide Organic PeroxideOrganic Peroxide

Type B, Liquid or solid, Type B, Liquid or solid,

temperature controlled)temperature controlled) 6.16.1 (PG inhalation hazard, (PG inhalation hazard, Poison Inhalation Hazard Poison Inhalation Hazard

Zone A & B)Zone A & B) 7.07.0 (Radioactive, Yellow Label III)(Radioactive, Yellow Label III) Radioactive 1Radioactive 1


1.41.4 Explosives 1.4Explosives 1.4 1.51.5 Explosives 1.5Explosives 1.5 1.61.6 Explosives 1.6Explosives 1.6 2.12.1 Flammable GasFlammable Gas 2.22.2 Non-Flammable GasNon-Flammable Gas 3.03.0 (flammable Liquid)(flammable Liquid) Flammable LiquidFlammable Liquid 3.03.0 (combustible liquid)(combustible liquid) Combustible LiquidCombustible Liquid 4.14.1 Flammable SolidFlammable Solid 4.24.2 Spontaneously CombustibleSpontaneously Combustible 5.15.1 OxidizerOxidizer


5.25.2 (other than organic peroxide, Type B)(other than organic peroxide, Type B) Organic PeroxideOrganic Peroxide 6.16.1 (PG I & II, other than, (PG I & II, other than, PoisonPoison

PG I inhalation hazard)PG I inhalation hazard) 6.16.1 (PG III)(PG III) Keep Away From Keep Away From

FoodFood 6.26.2 (None)(None) 8.08.0 CorrosiveCorrosive 9.09.0 Class 9Class 9 ORM-DORM-D (None)(None)

Hazardous Materials Incidents Versus Other Emergencies

Potential for doing great harm since effectsPotential for doing great harm since effects areare

far reaching and severe.far reaching and severe. Responders must be specially trained and Responders must be specially trained and

equipped.equipped. Often have long term effects to the Often have long term effects to the

environment, people, and property. environment, people, and property.


Typical Locations & Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials

WarehousesWarehouses Tank farmsTank farms Weapons depotsWeapons depots HospitalsHospitals

LaboratoriesLaboratories Truck terminalsTruck terminals Flight line areasFlight line areas Maintenance facilitiesMaintenance facilities



Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage Area

Front of Pool Supply Store

Pre-Incident Planning

People developing pre-incident plans shouldPeople developing pre-incident plans shouldseek assistance from facility seek assistance from facility managers in identifying managers in identifying hazardous materialshazardous materialslocations and recordlocations and recordthem on the plan inthem on the plan ina way that will be usefula way that will be usefulto the first arriving responders.to the first arriving responders.


Remember!!!!!Remember!!!!!

Hazardous materials that are manufactured, Hazardous materials that are manufactured, stored, processed, or used at a particular site stored, processed, or used at a particular site are are NOTNOT subject to regulations affecting subject to regulations affecting transported materials.transported materials.


Typical Container ShapesTypical Container Shapes That May Indicate That May Indicate Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials


Radioactive Container Shapes

Protective overpacksProtective overpacks– Cylindrical configurationCylindrical configuration

– Boxlike configurationBoxlike configuration

CasksCasks– Rigid metal packagingRigid metal packaging

– Reinforcing rings and cooling finsReinforcing rings and cooling fins


FiberboardFiberboardWooden BoxesWooden Boxes

Steel DrumsSteel DrumsNFPA Objective 2-2.1.6

Radioactive Container Shapes

Radioactive Cask


Pressurized Container Shapes

CylindersCylinders MC-331 tank trailerMC-331 tank trailer Pressure tank carPressure tank car Tube trailers, tube modules, high pressure Tube trailers, tube modules, high pressure

tube carstube cars


Pressurized Containers

Tube Module

AerosolCans

Compressed Gas Cylinders


MC 331


Bolted ManwayBolted Manway Large Hemishpere EndsLarge Hemishpere Ends

Cage Around PipingCage Around Piping


Pressure Tank Car

100 to 600 psi

Expansion DomeNo visible Fittings

4,000 - 45,000

gallons

Flammable/Nonflammable Gases Poison Gases

High Pressure Tube Trailer

Permanently Attached Horizontal CylindersPermanently Attached Horizontal Cylinders


Cryogenic Containers

Tank-within-a-tank or “Thermos bottle” Tank-within-a-tank or “Thermos bottle” designdesign

Absence of top fittings on most containersAbsence of top fittings on most containers

– MC - 338MC - 338– Cryogenic tank carCryogenic tank car


MC 338


Loading/Unloading Loading/Unloading Station at RearStation at Rear

Ends Normally FlatEnds Normally Flat

Loading Sometimes Loading Sometimes Located HereLocated Here

Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car

Low Pressure Liquids (25 psig or lower)

Refrigerated to -155 degrees and belowNFPA Objective 2-2.1.6

Corrosive Containers

CarboysCarboys– Glass or plastic bottlesGlass or plastic bottles

– Encased in a protective boxEncased in a protective box MC - 312MC - 312

– Long thin tank with stiffener ringsLong thin tank with stiffener rings

– Working platform on topWorking platform on top


Carboy in PolystyreneCarboy in Polystyrene

Carboy in Wooden BoxCarboy in Wooden Box


Corrosive Containers

Rounded EndsRounded Ends Exterior Stiffner RingsExterior Stiffner Rings

MC 312

Small DiameterSmall Diameter“Cigar Shape”“Cigar Shape”


Flammable Liquid Containers

DrumsDrums JerricansJerricans MC - 306MC - 306 Non-pressure tank carNon-pressure tank car


Flammable Liquid Containers

Jerricans

Wooden BarrelNFPA Objective 2-2.1.6

MC 306


Longitudinal Rollover Protection

Valving and Unloading Valving and Unloading Controls Under TankControls Under Tank

Oval Cross SectionOval Cross Section

Non-Pressure Tank Car Also called “General Service”

or “Low Pressure”

4,000 - 45,000

gallons

No Expansion DomeVisible Fittings

Older cars have expansion domes


Dry Bulk Containers

Pneumatic hopper trailerPneumatic hopper trailer– ““V” shaped bottomV” shaped bottom– Rounded sides and sloping endsRounded sides and sloping ends

Pneumatically unloaded hopper carPneumatically unloaded hopper car– ““V” shaped bottomV” shaped bottom– Flat or rounded sidesFlat or rounded sides


Dry Bulk Carriers


Compressor UnitCompressor Unit

Large Sloping “V” Shaped BottomLarge Sloping “V” Shaped Bottom

Facility & Transportation Markings & Colors

May Indicate Hazardous Materials


UN/NA ID Numbers


POISON

GAS

2

1026

UN Class numbers UN Class numbers (bottom of placard)(bottom of placard)

Hazard class or ID numberHazard class or ID numberon placard or orange panelon placard or orange panel

Symbols and colorsSymbols and colors

Name of materialName of material


Military Hazardous Materials Marking System

Class 1, Division 1

Materials that present a Materials that present a mass denotation hazard mass denotation hazard


Class 1, Division 2


Presents an explosion with Presents an explosion with fragmentation hazardfragmentation hazard

Class 1, Division 3

Materials with aMaterials with amass fire hazardmass fire hazard


Class 1, Division 4

Materials that present Materials that present a moderate fire hazarda moderate fire hazard


Special Warnings

Chemical hazardsChemical hazards


Highly ToxicHighly Toxic Harassing AgentsHarassing Agents White Phosphorus White Phosphorus

MunitionsMunitions

Special Warnings

Apply No WaterApply No Water


Wear Protective Wear Protective Breathing ApparatusBreathing Apparatus

Special HazardCommunication Markings

Hazardous Materials Information System Hazardous Materials Information System

PCB LabelsPCB Labels


Pipeline Markers

Pipeline markers arePipeline markers areusually metal signs usually metal signs placed adjacent to a placed adjacent to a hazardous materials hazardous materials pipeline right of way.pipeline right of way.


Petroleum

Pipeline Markers

Ownership of LineOwnership of Line– Name of carrierName of carrier– Phone numberPhone number

Signal WordSignal Word– CautionCaution– WarningWarning– DangerDanger

Transported CommodityTransported CommodityNFPA Objective 2-2.1.7

NFPA 704 Markings

Suggested method for identifying Suggested method for identifying hazardous materialshazardous materials

Scale of 0-4 Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)(4 being the worst hazard) Used only for facilities when mandated Used only for facilities when mandated

by local ordinancesby local ordinances

NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8

312

NFPA 704 Colors and Their Meanings

1. Blue 1. Blue = = HealthHealth

2. Red2. Red = = FlammabilityFlammability

3. Yellow3. Yellow = = ReactivityReactivity

4. White = Special4. White = Special W_11

22

33

44NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8

3

- Too Dangerous to Enter --Vapor or Liquid

- Extremely Dangerous --Use Full Protective Clothing

- Hazardous --Use Breathing Apparatus

- Slightly Hazardous

- Like Ordinary Material

HEALTH4

3

2

1

0


2

FLAMMABILITY- Extremely Flammable

- Ignites at Normal Temperatures

- Ignites When Moderately Heated

- Must Be Preheated to Burn

- Will Not Burn

4

3

2

1


1

- May Detonate -- Evacuate Area if Materials are Exposed to Fire

- Strong Shock or Heat May Detonate -- Use Monitors From Behind Explosion Resistant Barriers

- Violent Chemical Change Possible -- Use Hose Streams From Distance

- Unstable if Heated-- Use Normal Precautions

- Normally Stable

REACTIVITY

4

3

2

1


W

SPECIALINFORMATION

- Avoid Use of Water

- Oxidizer

- Used by some to Indicate Alkaline Materials

- Used by Some to Indicate Acidic Materials

W

OX

ALK

ACID


42 3

W

Location of NFPA 704 Markers


Material Safety Data Sheets

Why they are necessaryWhy they are necessary– Federal LawFederal Law– Right to knowRight to know– Mandatory local communication on hazardMandatory local communication on hazard

OSHA requirementsOSHA requirements– Central locationCentral location– With facility manager/employer With facility manager/employer


MSDS (Basic Information)

Manufactures name and locationManufactures name and location Name and family of chemicalName and family of chemical Hazardous ingredientsHazardous ingredients Physical dataPhysical data Fire and explosion dataFire and explosion data


MSDS (Basic Information)

Health Hazard DataHealth Hazard Data Spill or Leak ProceduresSpill or Leak Procedures Special Protection InformationSpecial Protection Information Special PrecautionsSpecial Precautions


MSDS EntriesMSDS Entries– General InformationGeneral Information– Hazardous ingredients statementHazardous ingredients statement– Physical dataPhysical data– Fire and explosion dataFire and explosion data– Spill and leak control proceduresSpill and leak control procedures

NFPA Objective 2-2.1.NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10


Special Protection InformationSpecial Protection Information Special Precautions (Other as necessary)Special Precautions (Other as necessary) Health and Reactivity Hazard DataHealth and Reactivity Hazard Data

– Including Toxicology InformationIncluding Toxicology Information– Signs and Symptoms of ExposureSigns and Symptoms of Exposure– Emergency CareEmergency Care– Chemical Incompatibilities and its Chemical Incompatibilities and its

decomposition products!decomposition products!

MSDS Sample InformationMSDS Sample Information


Shipping Papers


Shipping Paper Entries

Proper shipping nameProper shipping name

Hazard class or divisionHazard class or division

Product Identification NumberProduct Identification Number


Titles of Shipping Papers

Highway - Bill of lading/freight billHighway - Bill of lading/freight bill Rail Rail - Waybill and consist - Waybill and consist WaterWater - Dangerous cargo manifest - Dangerous cargo manifest AirAir - Air bill with shippers - Air bill with shippers

certification certification for restricted articles for restricted articles


Location of Shipping Papers, Responsible Person

Highway - cab of vehicle - DriverHighway - cab of vehicle - Driver Rail- Engine or caboose - with conductor or Rail- Engine or caboose - with conductor or

engineerengineer Water - Wheelhouse or pipelike container on Water - Wheelhouse or pipelike container on

a barge - Captain or mastera barge - Captain or master Air - Cockpit/flightdeck or attached to Air - Cockpit/flightdeck or attached to

package - pilotpackage - pilot

NFPA Objective 2-2.1.9.5NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10.4

Identification Clues

Examples of clues (other than occupancy/ Examples of clues (other than occupancy/ location, container shape, markings/colors, location, container shape, markings/colors, placards/labels, MSDS, and shipping papers) placards/labels, MSDS, and shipping papers) that use the senses of sight, sound and odor that use the senses of sight, sound and odor to indicate hazardous materials. to indicate hazardous materials.


Using Senses to Detect Hazardous Materials

Odor Sight Sound Informal Methods


Limitations of Using Senses


Odor Sight Sound Risk of Injury

Targets for Criminal or Terrorist Activity

– Places of public assemblyPlaces of public assembly– Public buildingsPublic buildings– Mass transit systemMass transit system– Places of high economic impactPlaces of high economic impact– Telecommunications activitiesTelecommunications activities– Places of historical or symbolic significancePlaces of historical or symbolic significance


Indications of Terrorist or Criminal Activity

– Equipment that is not relevant to a locationEquipment that is not relevant to a location– Intentional releases of hazardous materialsIntentional releases of hazardous materials– Unexplained illness or deathUnexplained illness or death– Unusual odors or tastesUnusual odors or tastes– IrritationsIrritations– Unusual security measuresUnusual security measures


Given Examples

Facility and transportation situations Facility and transportation situations involving hazardous materials, the first involving hazardous materials, the first responder at the awareness level shall responder at the awareness level shall identify the hazardous material(s) in each identify the hazardous material(s) in each situation by name, UN/NA identification situation by name, UN/NA identification number, or type placard applied.number, or type placard applied.


Difficulties in Determining Specific Names

FacilitiesFacilities– Labels or placards missingLabels or placards missing– Label or placard shows no product identifierLabel or placard shows no product identifier– Mixed loadsMixed loads– Error in placarding or labelingError in placarding or labeling– Shipping papers are not accessibleShipping papers are not accessible– Facility Manager or MSDS’s not availableFacility Manager or MSDS’s not available


Names Sources for ID# or Placards

North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response GuidebookGuidebook

Shipping PapersShipping Papers


Sources in Facilities

MSDSMSDS

Markings on containersMarkings on containers

Emergency planning documentsEmergency planning documents


Implementing The Planned ResponseModule II

Identify the basic precautions to be taken by Identify the basic precautions to be taken by the awareness level responder to protect the awareness level responder to protect themselves and others in a hazardous themselves and others in a hazardous materials incident. IAW the Emergency materials incident. IAW the Emergency Response Plan (ERP) or SOP’s.Response Plan (ERP) or SOP’s.

Basic Precautions

Isolate the hazard areaIsolate the hazard area– Evacuate those in dangerEvacuate those in danger– Deny entryDeny entry

If evacuation is not possibleIf evacuation is not possible– Provide in-place protectionProvide in-place protection– Keep away from doors and windowsKeep away from doors and windows


Basic Precautions

Basic precautions to be taken by the awareness Basic precautions to be taken by the awareness level responder are to protect themselves and level responder are to protect themselves and others in a hazardous materials incident IAW others in a hazardous materials incident IAW the Local Emergency Response Plan or SOP’s. the Local Emergency Response Plan or SOP’s.


Providing Medical Care

Precautions necessary when providing Precautions necessary when providing emergency medical care to victims of emergency medical care to victims of hazardous materials. hazardous materials.

Victim may be contaminatedVictim may be contaminated– No PPENo PPE– Understanding your limitations will prevent Understanding your limitations will prevent

you from becoming a victim.you from becoming a victim.


Typical Ignition Sources

Heated sourcesHeated sources Frictional heatFrictional heat Radiant heatRadiant heat Smoking materialsSmoking materials Lighting open flamesLighting open flames Spontaneous ignitionSpontaneous ignition Static ElectricityStatic Electricity Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions


Ways Hazardous Materials are Harmful

ThermalThermal

MechanicalMechanical

PoisonousPoisonous


CorrosiveCorrosive

AsphyxiationAsphyxiation

RadiationRadiation

General Routes of Entry

ContactContact AbsorptionAbsorption InhalationInhalation IngestionIngestion


Routes of Entryfor Human Exposure


Contact &Contact &

AbsorptionAbsorption IngestionIngestionInhalationInhalation

Given the name, UN/NA identification number or Given the name, UN/NA identification number or type placard, a current copy of the North American type placard, a current copy of the North American Emergency Response Guidebook a local response Emergency Response Guidebook a local response plan and standard operating procedures, and a plan and standard operating procedures, and a facility or transportation scenario including facility or transportation scenario including hazardous materials, collect hazard information, hazardous materials, collect hazard information, initiate protective actions, and the notification initiate protective actions, and the notification process.process.

ObjectivObjectivee

Yellow PagesID Number

Orange PagesGuide Numbers

Green PagesInitial Isolation

Blue PagesChemical Name


Determine The Appropriate Guidebook Page

Four digit ID# Four digit ID# (yellow pages)(yellow pages) Spelling of the product Spelling of the product (blue pages)(blue pages) Placards (table of placards)Placards (table of placards) Dealing with an unknownDealing with an unknown

– Use Guide #111 Use Guide #111


General Types of Hazards

Found on Each Guide PageFound on Each Guide Page– Fire and Explosion Fire and Explosion – Health hazardHealth hazard– ““P” polymerization hazardP” polymerization hazard


Response Information

Emergency actions from numbered guide Emergency actions from numbered guide pagespages

Protective clothingProtective clothing

Initial isolation and protective action Initial isolation and protective action distancesdistances


Protective Clothing

Recommended clothing in the North Recommended clothing in the North American Emergency Response GuidebookAmerican Emergency Response Guidebook

– Street clothingStreet clothing– Structural fire fighter protective clothingStructural fire fighter protective clothing– Positive pressure SCBAPositive pressure SCBA– Chemical-protective clothingChemical-protective clothing


Protective Actions

North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response Guidebook definitionsGuidebook definitions

– Isolate hazard area and deny entryIsolate hazard area and deny entry– Evacuate the areaEvacuate the area– Sheltering in-placeSheltering in-place


INITIAL

ISOLATION

DISTANCE

1/2 DOWNWIND1/2 DOWNWIND

DISTANCEDISTANCE

1/2 DOWNWIND1/2 DOWNWIND

DISTANCEDISTANCE

PROTECTIVEACTION ZONE

INITIALISOLATION

ZONE

Initial Isolation Zone and Protective Action Zone

Downwind DistanceDownwind Distance


Difference between small and large spills as Difference between small and large spills as found in the table of isolation distancesfound in the table of isolation distances– Small spillSmall spill– Large spillLarge spill

Circumstances under which different Circumstances under which different distances are useddistances are used


Small Spill Large Spill


Difference Between Orange & Green Pages

Isolation distance in the Orange pagesIsolation distance in the Orange pages– Used to protect from immediate hazardsUsed to protect from immediate hazards– Materials not highlightedMaterials not highlighted

Protective action distance in the Green pagesProtective action distance in the Green pages– Used for materials that present a toxic hazard.Used for materials that present a toxic hazard.– Highlighted materials only.Highlighted materials only.


Location of Emergency Response Plans

Local Emergency Response Plan and the Local Emergency Response Plan and the Standard Operating InstructionsStandard Operating Instructions

– Applicable to each jurisdictionApplicable to each jurisdiction

– Kept with the responsible agencyKept with the responsible agency


Role of the Awareness Level First Responder

Guidelines are found in:Guidelines are found in:– The local emergency response plan.The local emergency response plan.– The organization’s standard operating The organization’s standard operating

procedures.procedures.– North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response

GuidebookGuidebook



Techniques used to isolate the hazard area Techniques used to isolate the hazard area and deny entry and deny entry – Use a vehicle to block a roadUse a vehicle to block a road– Rope-off or barricade entrance to areaRope-off or barricade entrance to area– Notify law enforcement to divert trafficNotify law enforcement to divert traffic– Close doors to facilityClose doors to facility– Use public address systemUse public address system

Techniques Used

Involving Criminal orTerrorist Activity

– Communicate the suspicion during notificationCommunicate the suspicion during notification

– Isolate potentially exposed peopleIsolate potentially exposed people

– Document the initial observationDocument the initial observation


welcome to “hazardous materials awareness” nfpa objective 2-1

Documents