welcome to cmpe003 personal computers: hardware and software dr. chane fullmer fall 2002 uc santa...
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Welcome to CMPE003 Personal Computers: Hardware and SoftwareDr. Chane FullmerDr. Chane Fullmer
Fall 2002Fall 2002
UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz
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October 7, 2002 2
Class Information
Midterm #1 – This Friday, October 11, 2002.– ID required.– Covers Chapters 1 through 5.– Multiple choice
• Requires Scantron #F-1712-ERI-L (pink)• ~50 questions
– No makeups after the fact
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October 7, 2002 3
Assignments
Homework #3 – Due October 18– Design your own Webpage– Keep in mind ---
• The world at large will see your page• Don’t put private or sensitive information on your Webpage.
– Details and sample – see class page –
http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Fall02/
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Input and Output:The User Connection
Chapter 5
Part A
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October 7, 2002 5
Objectives
Describe the user relationship with computer input and outputExplain how data is input to a computer system and differentiate among various input equipmentDescribe how a monitor works and the characteristics that determine qualityList and describe the different methods of computer outputDifferentiate among different kinds of printersExplain the function of a computer terminal and describe the types of terminals
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October 7, 2002 6
Input and Output
InputUsers submit input data
OutputUsers get processed information
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October 7, 2002 7
Input
Data from the user to the computerConverts raw data into electronic form
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October 7, 2002 8
Diversity of Input Methods
Zebra-striped bar codes on supermarket itemsWord commands operate a forklift truckAn order is entered using a pen on a special padTime clock generates paycheckData on checks are read and used to prepare a monthly bank statementCharge-card transactions generate customer bills
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October 7, 2002 9
Keyboard
Traditional– Looks like typewriter with
extra keys
Non-traditional– Fast food restaurants– Each key represents a food
item rather than a character
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October 7, 2002 10
Keyboard
Function KeysGive commandsSoftware specific
Main KeyboardTypewriter keysSpecial command keys
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October 7, 2002 11
Keyboard
Numeric Keys– Num Lock – toggle – On – numeric data & math symbols– Off – cursor movement
Cursor Movement Keys
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October 7, 2002 12
KeyboardSpecial Keys
Enter
Esc
Alt
Ctrl
Caps Lock
Shortcut
Windows
Shift
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October 7, 2002 13
Pointing Devices
Position a pointer / cursor on the screenControls drawing instruments in graphics applicationsCommunicate commands to a program
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October 7, 2002 14
Pointing Devices Mouse
Types– Mechanical– Optical– Wireless
Features– Palm-sized– 1 or 2 buttons– Wheel
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October 7, 2002 15
The First Mouse
Doug Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1963-64 as part of an experiment to find better ways to point and click on a display screen. It was made in a shop at SRI. The casing was carved out of wood. The mouse had only one button - that was all there was room for.
Invented by Doug Englebart at SRI, 1963/4
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October 7, 2002 16
The First MouseInvented by Doug Englebart at SRI, 1963/4
Two wheels mounted perpendicularly to each other in the mouse's underbelly tracked the X-Y motion. The mouse was patented in 1970 as an "X-Y Position Indicator."
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October 7, 2002 17
Early Workstation – Circa 1967
Close-up of first production model of the mouse 1967, this model made of plastic casing with metal underbelly, same wheel design, now with three buttons.
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October 7, 2002 18
Keyset, Mouse and KeyboardCirca 1968
A 1968 mouse-keyset combination installed on an ergonomic keyboard-console. This is the first production model of the mouse with plastic casing and metal underbelly, and with three buttons. This setup was used for the famous "mother of all demos" during the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference and included a tilt-swivel office chair. The assembly was custom-made by the Herman Miller furniture company.
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October 7, 2002 19
Other Pointing Devices
Trackball– Upside-down mouse– Ball on top– Roll ball with hand– Laptop computers
Touchpad– Pressure-sensitive pad– Cursor moves as you slide
your finger– Laptop computers
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October 7, 2002 20
Other Pointing Devices
Pointing stickPressure-sensitive postMounted between G and H keys on keyboardApply pressure in a direction to move cursor
JoystickShort leverHandgripDistance and speed of movement control pointer position
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October 7, 2002 21
Graphics Tablet
Digitizing tabletRectangular boardInvisible grid of electronic dotsWrite with stylus or puckSends locations of electronic dots as stylus moves over themCreates precise drawingsArchitects and engineers
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October 7, 2002 22
Touch Screens
Human points to a selection on the screen– Finger, pencil, etc..
Types– Edges emit horizontal and vertical beams of light
that crisscross the screen– Senses finger pressure– Light pen for pointing
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October 7, 2002 23
Touch Screens
Kiosks– Self-help stations– Easy to use
– Where found• Malls• Airports• Disney World• Government offices
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October 7, 2002 24
Pen-based Computing
Small hand-held devicesElectronic pen (stylus)– Pointer– Handwritten input
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
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October 7, 2002 25
Source Data Automation
Special equipment to collect data at the sourceSent directly to a computerAvoids need to key dataRelated input areas– Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition– Scanners– Optical recognition devices– Voice
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October 7, 2002 26
MICRMagnetic-Ink Character Recognition
Read characters made of magnetic particlesNumbers on the bottom of checksMICR inscriber – adds characters to check that show amount cashed
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October 7, 2002 27
Optical Scanners
Optical recognitionLight beam scans input dataMost common type of source inputDocument imaging – converts paper documents to electronic formConverts snapshots into imagesConverts scanned image of text into characters – OCR
Exact computer-produced replica of originalExact computer-produced replica of original
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October 7, 2002 28
Types of Scanners
Flatbed– One sheet at a time– Scans bound documents
Sheetfeed– Motorized rollers– Sheet moves across scanning head– Small, convenient size– Less versatile than flatbed– Prone to errors
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October 7, 2002 29
Types of Scanners
Handheld– Least expensive– Least accurate– Portable– User must move the scanner in a straight line at a
fixed rate– Wide document causes problems
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October 7, 2002 30
Optical Recognition
Optical mark recognition (OMR)– Mark sensing– Exams (Scantron )– Recognizes the location of the marks
Optical character recognition (OCR)– Light source reads special characters– OCR-A is ANSI standard typeface for
optical characters
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October 7, 2002 31
Optical Recognition Wand Reader
Retail storesLibrariesHospitalsFactories
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October 7, 2002 32
Optical RecognitionBar Code Reader
Photoelectric deviceReads bar codesInexpensiveReliableWhere Used?– Supermarket – UPC– Federal Express
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October 7, 2002 33
Optical RecognitionHandwritten Characters
Must follow rigid rulesSizeCompletenessLegibility
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October 7, 2002 34
Voice Input
Speech RecognitionSpeech recognition devices– Input via a microphone– Voice converted to binary code
Problems– Speaker-dependent– Voice training
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October 7, 2002 35
Voice Input
Changing radio frequencies in airplane cockpitsPlacing a call on a car phoneRequesting stock-market quotations over the phoneCommand from physically disabled users
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October 7, 2002 36
Voice Input
Discrete word systems– Understand isolated words– Pause between words– Difficult for dictation
Continuous word systems– Normal speaking pattern– Easy to use– Faster and easier to dictate than to key
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October 7, 2002 37
Digital Cameras
Photos stored in electronic formNo filmPoint and shootEdit
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October 7, 2002 38
•Wednesday
•Ch 5 continued -- Outputs…
•Friday…•Midterm…
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October 7, 2002 39