welcome to ap biology
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Welcome to AP Biology . Agenda: 8/26/13 Registration Course Expectations Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts AP Bio info HW – Student Survey. AP Biology. Class Expectations found on Durango Website http://www.durangohighschool.net / - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
AP Biology
Welcome to AP Biology Agenda: 8/26/13
Registration Course Expectations Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts AP Bio info HW – Student Survey
AP Biology
AP Biology Class Expectations found on Durango
Website http://www.durangohighschool.net/ Course Information, supplemental
materials, AP test info go to www.collegeboard.com
Online Textbook/Notes go to http://www.course-notes.org/Biology/Slides/Campbells_Biology_7th_Edition
AP Biology
Course Expectations Signature Page & Safety Contracts due WEDNESDAY!!!1st AP lab is Thurs & Fri
Course Break Down (Learning Objectives) Big Idea 1: Evolution
The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Big Idea 2: Cellular Processes: Energy and
CommunicationBiological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.
Big Idea 3: Genetics and Information TransferLiving systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes.
Big Idea 4: InteractionsBiological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.
AP Biology
AP Biology Test Monday, May 12 http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/exam.html?biology
Multiple Choice (63 questions) & Grid-In (6 questions, math) 90 minutes 50%
Free Response (2 Long-FR, 6 Short-FR) 80 minutes + 10 minute reading period 50%
AP Biology
AP Bio Binder a must-have! 3-ring binder (2-inch
or two smaller ones) Loose-leaf paper 16 tabs=AP Biology
Units 2013-2014
1. Experimental Design2. Carbon/Biomolecules3. Energy/Enzymes4. Cells5. Cell Transport6. Cell Signaling7. Cellular Respiration8. Photosynthesis9. Cell Cycle10. Genetics11. DNA12. Protein Synthesis13. Gene Regulation14. Evolution15. Animal Form & Function16. Ecology
AP Biology
Homework – Student Survey On a separate sheet of paper please
tell me about yourself in 1 page. Must include the following: Interests/hobbies/familyPast Science courses How you learn best / learning styleGoals for AP BiologyGoals for your future
Due Tomorrow!
AP Biology
Welcome to AP Biology ~ Day 2 Agenda: 8/27/13
Collect Student Info Sheets/Safety Contracts Review Safety/Sci Method Designing a Controlled Experiment HW –Study of Life Review PowerPoint
Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life Review,
Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design
AP Biology
Lab Safety Tour Questions?
AP Biology
The Scientific Method&
Experimental Design
AP Biology
What is Inquiry?
Begins with observations you make about the natural world, followed by a question. What is causing that?
Use a variety of methods to answer the questions you raise Lab & field investigations, models,
simulations, data sets Scientific method of investigation is
cyclic, not linear…why?
AP Biology
The Scientific Method:1. Make Observation2. Statement of problem, ask a question3. Hypothesis: propose a tentative answer4. Design & conduct an experiment
(Use quantifiable data math is extremely important)5. Use statistical tests to evaluate the
significance of your results (Χ2 test, null hypothesis)
6. Acceptance or rejection of hypothesis.
AP Biology
AP Biology
Data Are recorded observations Can be quantitative or qualitative
Figure 1.24
AP Biology
The Role of Hypotheses in Inquiry In science, a hypothesis
Is a tentative answer to a well-framed question, an explanation on trial
Makes predictions that can be tested
AP Biology
We all use hypotheses in solving everyday problems
Observations
Questions
Hypothesis # 1:Dead batteries
Hypothesis # 2:Burnt-out bulb
Prediction:Replacing batterieswill fix problem
Prediction:Replacing bulbwill fix problem
Test prediction
Test does not falsify hypothesis
Test prediction
Test falsifies hypothesisFigure 1.25
AP Biology
A Closer Look at Hypotheses in Scientific Inquiry
A scientific hypothesis must have two important qualities It must be testable It must have the potential of being rejected
"No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, one single experiment can prove me wrong." --- Albert Einstein.
AP Biology
Designing Controlled Experiments
In controlled experiments we start with two (or more) groups that are as similar as possible and we devise a method to manipulate only ONE variable.
Independent Variable =the variable that is manipulated
Dependent Variable = the response that is measured
AP Biology
Null Hypothesis The premise that any observed
differences are simply the result of random differences
When quantified observations, or data, are collected, statistical methods are used to calculate the likelihood that the null hypothesis is correct.
AP Biology
Designing a Controlled Experiment Labs, Inquiry, and Lab Reports are a
HUGE part of AP Biology You may work with ONE partner in this
activity to review the components of a controlled activity. Each student must complete their own booklet.
At the end, you will practice designing your own controlled experiment.
You will have some class time today and tomorrow, Due Thursday!
AP Biology
8/27/13 HOMEWORK Read through the following Biology
Review PowerPoint. Make sure that you
remember/understand EVERYTHING If not, be prepared to ask questions
tomorrow! This material will be covered on your
first quiz!
AP Biology 2007-2008
Study of Life
Themes
AP Biology
Themes Science as a process of
inquiry questioning & investigation
Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
AP Biology
Science as a process of inquiry
AP Biology
Science as a process of inquiry Built on repeatable observations &
testable, falsifiable hypotheses
AP Biology
Falsifiable A hypothesis is falsifiable if you can
design and perform and experiment to show you that it is wrong, if it is wrong (meaning, it can be tested).
EXAMPLES: Falsifiable – Increasing the amount of
water given to a plant will increase its growth
NOT Falsifiable – Giving a plant more water will make it
happier.
AP Biology
Evolution Core theme of biology
Charles Darwin
AP Biology
Natural selection Evolutionary change is a
product of the process of natural selection
Organisms don’t adapt;
Organisms have adaptations.
AP Biology 2007-2008
"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."
-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973
Geneticist, Columbia University(1900-1975)
AP Biology
Evolution explains unity & diversity Unity
what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? common biochemistry & physiology
evolutionary relationships connected through common ancestor
Diversity but why are there
differences? natural selection adaptations allow different
individuals to survive in different environments
AP Biology
AP Biology
Organizing systems Making sense out of the diversity Hierarchical
scheme
Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis
AP Biology
3 Domains of LifeBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
EukaryaBacteria Archaea
AP Biology
Energy transfer Life is an open system
need input of energy energy flows through energy comes in,
energy goes out need a constant input
need input of materials nutrients are recycled
around & around
ENTROPY RULES!DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!
nutrients
AP Biology
Energy utilization
You think they’re eating…
They’re harvestingenergy!
AP Biology
Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable
information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic
material – carries biological information from one generation to the next
You can make more,a lot like you!
TRAIT
AP Biology
Structure and function The alignment of structure & function is
seen at all levels of biology
organism
cell organelle
organ
AP Biology
Regulation Organisms need to maintain a “steady state”
in the face of changing conditions Homeostasis achieve this through feedback
monitor the body like a thermostat turn on when it’s needed, off when its not
AP Biology
Interdependence in Nature No organism is an island standing alone
communities, ecosystems
AP Biology
Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within
the rules of society ethics
AP Biology
Themes Science as a process of
inquiry questioning & investigation
Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
AP Biology
Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of
knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to
organize new knowledge themes are the key to understanding
the nature of living organisms
AP Biology
Homework Be sure to write down any questions
you may have and bring to class tomorrow!
AP Biology
Agenda: Wed 8/28/13 Collect any signature pages Review Data collection & Graphing Homework – Finish Designing a
Controlled Experiment DUE TOMORROW!
***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life
Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design
AP Biology
Data Tables & Graphing Review
AP Biology
Working with DATA
When you work with data during an experiment, you need to: Make accurate and precise measurements. Account for error in measured values Develop techniques and consistency for
collecting data Understand the units and properties of the data.
Make observations of trends and patterns in the data. Produce visual representation of data, GRAPHS and
CHARTS.
AP Biology
Working with Data Continued When you work with data during an
experiment, you need to: Use mathematical equations to model
data. Use mathematical models to make
predictions of trends. Test the fitness of models using statistical
tests.
AP Biology
What type of graph is best/most commonly used in scientific research?
LINE GRAPH!!!!
AP Biology
Introduction to Graphing Techniques
AP Biology
Introduction to Graphing Techniques Identify the independent and dependent variable. The independent variable is carefully controlled and
varied by a specific amount during an experiment. It is plotted on the x-axis.
The dependent variable must be measured every time the independent variable is changed during the experiment. It is plotted on the y-axis.
Choose your scale carefully (must be consistent intervals). Make your graph as large as possible by spreading out the data on each axis. Let each square grid on your axis represent a convenient interval. Do not number every grid on your axis.
Plot each point as a dark dot
AP Biology
Intro to Graphing Techniques cont. Label each axis with the name of the variable and the
units of measure. Using a ruler, darken the lines representing the axis.
Use a pencil and a ruler when drawing the axis for your graph.
Title your graph. The title should be short and clearly state the purpose of the graph. The title could include the independent and dependent variables. General the titles are written as the y variable vs. the x variable.
Use a single sheet of graph paper for each graph. Do not use the back of a sheet graph paper.
If you have more than one graph, number each graph in the upper right-hand corner.
AP Biology
Introduction to Graphing Techniques
AP Biology
Introduction to Graphing Techniques Examine the position of your data points.
Observe the pattern the data forms on the graph. From the pattern the data makes on the graph,
determine the type of relationship between the x and y variables.
Most times it will be best to use a smooth continuous line called a “best fit” line.
AP Biology
Drawing a “best fit” line. Your line should go through as many of the data points as
possible. Use a ruler (if the line appears straight) and a sharp pencil to draw a best fit line.
When you draw your “best fit” line and the data points do not all fit on the line, draw the line so that there are equal numbers of data points above and below the line you draw. Try to draw the line so that it comes as close to all data points as possible.
This may result in a line that curves! If it is logical for the data to go through the origin, take your
best fit line all the way to the origin. Draw your best fit line so that it goes a little past your last
data point.
AP Biology
AP Biology
AP Biology
Direct Relationship
AP Biology
Inverse Relationship
AP Biology
Homework
Homework – Finish Designing a Controlled Experiment DUE TOMORROW!
***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life
Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design
AP Biology
Agenda: Thur 8/29/13 Collect any signature pages &
Homework: Finish Designing a Controlled Experiment
Mini-Posters Set Up AP Lab 12: Fruit Fly Behavior
***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life
Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design
AP Biology
AP Lab Investigation 12: Fruit Fly Behavior
Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are commonly used for scientific research, most famously in the genetic studies of Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1907.
Lives throughout the world, feeds on fruit and fungi growing on rotting fruit.
Describe where and when you have seen fruit flies?
What environmental factors trigger a fruit fly response?
AP Biology
Animals move in response to many different stimuli:
Chemotaxis = movement in response to the presence of a chemical stimulus
Phototactic Response = movement in response to light
Geotactic Response = movement in response to gravity
***Movements are described as positive (towards stimuli) or negative (against or away from stimuli)
AP Biology
Lab Groups (3-4…no more!!!!) Design your controlled Animal Behavior
experiment Complete Experimental Organizer
DUE TODAY must be able to gather all materials and have a thorough procedure written before tomorrow’s lab
AP Biology
AP Biology
AP Biology2005-2006
AP Biology
Mini-Poster Requirements1. Title2. Abstract (one paragraph to sum up the entire lab
experiment)3. Introduction with primary question, background
context, and hypothesis4. Methodology (procedure)5. Results, including graphs, tables, charts, &
statistical analyses6. Conclusions/Discussion, or your interpretations
of your results based on your hypothesis7. Literature cited
AP Biology
AP Biology
Homework
Lab 12 tomorrow!!! Work on Mini-Poster
***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life Review,
Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design
AP Biology
Agenda: Friday, 8/30/13
***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life
Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design
Complete AP Lab 12, work on mini-poster
AP Biology
HomeworkReview for Quiz 1 which will be next
WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life
Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design
Tuesday you will have 15 minutes in class to complete Lab 12 Mini-Posters, work on for homework