welcome !!! please join us via phone for the audio portion of the webinar, you will be connected by...
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome !!!
Please join us via phone for the audio portion of the webinar, you will be connected by the operator when the meeting begins.
Conference Line : • Line: 888-847-9717• Code: 2402919
Please complete the EMR Surveillance Assessment
at your convenience : https://www.research.net/s/HospitalEMR
VAE Surveillance Definition & Electronic Capture Webinar Hosted by Armstrong Institute of Patient Safety and Quality
July 31st & August 2nd
Sean Berenholtz , MD, MPH, FCCM
Kathleen Speck , MPH
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Agenda
• 1:00 pm – 1:10pm - Welcome and Introduction – Sean Berenholtz MD, MHS
• 1:10 pm - 1:30pm - Surveillance for Ventilator- Associated Events in Adults: A new Approach for the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) – Shelley Magill MD, PhD,
• 1:30 pm – 1:50pm – Improving Surveillance Definitions for Ventilator- Associated Events: Better Surveillance, Better Care – Michael Klompas, MD, MPH
• 1:50pm- 2:00pm- Question and Answer Session
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Learning Objectives
• To introduce the new surveillance definition of Ventilator Associated Event (VAE)
• To gain insights into your perceptions about the new VAE definition and existing infrastructure to capture VAE data using Electronic Medical Records (EMR)
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Expert Panel & Presenters
• Dr. Magill will be discussing the new NHSN surveillance definitions.
• Dr. Klompas will be discussing techniques for implementing electronic surveillance focusing on experience with the CDC’s Epicenters for Excellence group.
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Shelley S. Magill, MD, PhDDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlanta, GA
Surveillance for Ventilator-Associated Events in Adults: A New Approach for the National Healthcare Safety
Network (NHSN)
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
The Problem
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an important complication of mechanical ventilation But other bad things also happen to patients on ventilators
No valid, reliable definition for VAP Need more accurate diagnostics … Until those are available, how do we conduct surveillance and track
prevention progress? Commonly used definitions include subjective elements and
are neither sensitive nor specific for VAP Not ideal in an era of public reporting of healthcare-associated
infection (HAI) rates, comparisons among facilities, pay-for-performance programs
Need a new approach
At least one of the following:
Fever (> 38 C/100.4 F) with no other cause
Leukopenia (< 4,000 WBC/mm³) or leukocytosis (> 12,000 WBC/mm³)
Altered mental status with no other cause, in > 70 y.o.
PNU2: Pneumonia with common bacterial or
filamentous fungal pathogens and specific lab findings
PNU2: Pneumonia with viral, Legionella, Chlamydia,
Mycoplasma, and other uncommon pathogens and
specific lab findings PNU1: Clinically
defined pneumonia
PNU3: Pneumonia in immunocompromised
patients
At least one of the following:
New onset of purulent sputum, 3
or change in character of sputum, or respiratory secretions, or suctioning requirements4
New onset or worsening cough, or dyspnea, or tachypnea5
Rales6 or bronchial breath sounds
Worsening gas exchange (e.g., O2 desats [e.g., PaO 2/FiO2
< 240],7 O2 req, or ventilation demand)
At least two of the following:
New onset of purulent sputum, 3
or change in character of sputum, or respiratory secretions, or suctioning requirements4
New onset or worsening cough, or dyspnea, or tachypnea5
Rales6 or bronchial breath sounds
Worsening gas exchange (e.g., O2 desats [e.g., PaO 2/FiO2
< 240],7 O2 req, or ventilation demand)
At least one of the following10-12:
Positive culture of virus or Chlamydia from respiratory secretions
Positive detection of viral antigen or antibody from respiratory secretions (e.g., EIA, FAMA, shell vial assay, PCR)
4-fold rise in paired sera (IgG) for pathogen (e.g., Influenza viruses, Chlamydia)
Positive PCR for Chlamydia or Mycoplasma
Positive micro-IF test for Chlamydia
Positive culture or micro-IF of Legionella spp from respiratory secretions or t issue
Detection of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigens in urine by RIA or EIA
4-fold rise in L. pneumophilaantibody titer to > 1:128 in paired acute and convalescent sera by indirect IFA
At least one of the following:
Positive blood culture not related to another infection8
Positive pleural fluid culture
Positive quantitative culture9
from minimally contaminated LRT specimen (e.g., BAL or protected specimen brushing)
> 5% BAL-obtained cells contain intracellular bacteria on direct microscopic exam
Histopathologic exam shows one of the following:
At least one of following:
Matching positive blood and sputum cultures with Candida spp14,15
Evidence of fungi or Pneumocytis carinii from minimally contaminated LRT specimen (e.g., BAL or protected specimen brushing) from one of the following:
La
bo
rato
ryS
ign
s a
nd
Sym
pto
ms
X-R
ay
PNEUMONIA FLOW DIAGRAM
Patient with underlying diseases1,2 has 2 or more serial X-rays with one of the following:
New or progressive and persistent infiltrate
Consolidation
Cavitation
Pneumatoceles, in 1 y.o.
At least one of the following in an immunocompromised patient 13:
Fever (> 38 C/100.4 F) with no other cause
Altered mental status with no other cause, in > 70 y.o.
New onset of purulent sputum, 3 or change in character of sputum, or respiratory secretions, or suctioning requirements4
New onset or worsening cough, or dyspnea, or tachypnea5
Rales6 or bronchial breath sounds
Worsening gas exchange (e.g., O 2
desats [e.g., PaO 2/FiO2 < 240],7
O2 req, or ventilation demand)
Hemoptysis
Pleurit ic chest pain
Facility ID # _____________ Event # _____________ Event Date _ ___/___ _/_________
Ins tructions : Complete form only if x -ray criteria are met
• Abscess formation or foci of consolidation with intense PMN accumulation in bronchioles and alveoli
• Positive quantitative culture9 of lung parenchyma
• Evidence of lung parenchyma invasion by fungal hyphae or pseudohyphae
• Direct microscopic exam
• Positive culture of fungi
Patient without underlying diseases1,2 has 1 or more serial X-rays with one of the following:
New or progressive and persistent infiltrate
Consolidation
Cavitation
Pneumatoceles, in 1 y.o.
Current PNEU Definitions• Three sets of criteria• Chest x-ray evidence required• Signs/symptoms required• Lab evidence used if available
from acceptable specimen type
• VAP is a PNEU event that meets the “ventilator-associated” criterion—
Endotracheal tube (ETT)/ventilator must have been in place at some time during the 48 hours preceding the onset of PNEUNo required amount of time that the ETT/ventilator must have been in place for a PNEU to count as a VAP
Limitations of Current VAP Definitions
References include but are not limited to the following:1Wunderink R, et al., Chest 1992;101;458-63; 2Young M, et al., Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2729-32; 3Fabregas N, et al., Thorax 1999;54:867-73; 4Kirtland SH, et al., Chest 1997;112:445-57; 5Berton DC, et al., Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 6Ruiz M, et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:119-25.
Goals for Modifying Current NHSN Definitions
Achieve face validity/clinical credibility Improve reliability Reduce burden
2009-2010 2011 2011-2012
Ventilator-Associated LOwer Respiratory Infection (VALORI)
Streamlined VAP (“sVAP”)
Ventilator-Associated Events (VAE)
• Evaluated draft definition in collaboration with the CDC Prevention Epicenters
• Definition based on work done by Klompas and others1,2
• Received expert feedback during HHS-sponsored meetings
• Funded Epicenters proposal to evaluate feasibility and preventability of “sVAP”
• Convened VAP Surveillance Definition Working Group, with Critical Care Societies Collaborative and other society/organization representatives (2011-2012)
From VAP to VAE
1Klompas et al., Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29:31-7; 2Klompas et al., 5th Decennial International Conference on Healthcare-Associated Infections, Atlanta, GA, March 18-22, 2010, abstract #741.
Working Group Members and ParticipantsSociety/Organization RepresentativesAmerican Association of Critical-Care Nurses Suzanne Burns, Beth HammerAmerican Association for Respiratory Care Dean HessAmerican College of Chest Physicians Robert Balk, David GuttermanAssociation of Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology
Linda Greene
American Thoracic Society Nicholas Hill, Mitchell LevyCouncil of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Carole VanAntwerpenHICPAC Surveillance Working Group Daniel DiekemaInfectious Diseases Society of America Edward SeptimusSociety of Critical Care Medicine Clifford Deutschman, Marin
Kollef, Pamela LipsettSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Michael KlompasU.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Office of Healthcare Quality
Don Wright
National Institutes of Health David Henderson
Working Group Objectives
Critically review CDC’s draft, streamlined VAP surveillance definition for use in adult patients;
Suggest modifications to enhance reliability and credibility within the critical care community;
Propose final adult definition algorithm that will be implemented for use in NHSN for the potential purposes of public reporting, inter-facility comparisons, and federal pay-for-reporting and -performance programs.
Working Group Progress
Kick-off meeting 9/2011, multiple follow up calls Revised definition algorithm—tiered approach
Definitions suitable for potential use in public reporting: objective, general measures of ventilator-associated conditions and complications
• Similar definitions evaluated by Klompas et al. identified events associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU stay, and increased mortality—and were more efficient to apply than current VAP definitions (PLoS One 2011;6:e18062, Crit Care Med 2012; in press)
Internal use definitions: possible and probable VAP, incorporating laboratory evidence
Research agenda items Mechanism for intensive care unit-level risk adjustment or
stratification (to account for differences in severity of illness) Denominator data collection
VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED EVENTS (VAE) SURVEILLANCE DEFINITION ALGORITHM
***Note that this is NOT a clinical definition algorithm and is not intended for use in the management of patients.***
Patients Eligible for VAE Surveillance
≥18 years of age Inpatients of acute care hospitals, long term acute care
hospitals, inpatient rehabilitation facilities
NOTE: Patients receiving high frequency ventilation or extracorporeal life support are excluded from surveillance.
Key Operational Details*
In 2013, in-plan surveillance for ventilator-associated PNEU may still be conducted for neonatal and pediatric patients ONLY.
In 2012 and 2013, the PNEU definitions are still available for those units seeking to conduct off-plan PNEU surveillance for mechanically-ventilated adults or non-ventilated adults or children.
Conducting in-plan VAE surveillance means assessing patients for the presence of ALL events included in the algorithm—from VAC to IVAC to Possible and Probable VAP. A unit participating in in-plan VAE surveillance cannot decide, for example, that only surveillance for VAC (and not for IVAC or Possible or Probable VAP) will be performed.
*Preliminary and subject to change.
More Key Operational Details*
“New” antimicrobial agent How to determine whether a new antimicrobial agent has
been given for at least 4 days (including in patients with renal insufficiency)
Single doses of vancomycin Multiple VAEs during a single hospitalization VAEs in patients who’ve been recently extubated Pathogens and secondary BSIs Lung histopathology Diagnostic tests for viruses and Legionella spp. Time frame within which VAE criteria must be fulfilled
*Preliminary and subject to change.
Options for Tracking VAP/VAE Rates, 2012-2013
Implement VAE early Forms and protocol Training Data management
Continue VAP surveillance into 2013 Will remain available off-plan in NHSN application—but probably only
until end of CY 2013 Do both
Acknowledgments
Patients and staff in NNIS and NHSN facilities VAP Surveillance Definition Working Group Other subject matter experts HHS Office of Healthcare Quality CDC Prevention Epicenters CDC VALORI/draft sVAP project facilities, Premier, Inc.,
expert reviewers CDC/DHQP colleagues
The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Thank you!
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
For more information please contact Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333
Telephone, 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636)/TTY: 1-888-232-6348
E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cdc.gov
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Expert Panel & Presenters
• Dr. Magill will be discussing the new NHSN surveillance definitions.
• Dr. Klompas will be discussing techniques for implementing electronic surveillance focusing on experience with the CDC’s Epicenters for Excellence group.
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IMPROVING SURVEILLANCE DEFINITIONS FOR VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED EVENTSBETTER SURVEILLANCE, BETTER CARE
JULY 31, 2012
MICHAEL KLOMPAS MD, MPH, FRCPC
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL DEPT OF POPULATION MEDICINE
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL, BOSTON, MA
OUTLINE
• CDC Prevention Epicenters’ studies of objective surveillance
• Operationalizing the new definitions
Multicenter Evaluation Of A Novel Surveillance Paradigm For Complications Of Mechanical Ventilation
• Retrospective comparison of VAC surveillance versus conventional surveillance in medical and surgical patients ventilated ≥48 hours in 3 university hospitals
• Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA)
• Ohio State University Medical Center (Columbus, OH)
• LDS Hospital (Salt Lake City, UT)
• 597 patients ventilated for 6,347 days
LENGTH OF STAY: VAP VERSUS VACModel adjusted for vent days prior to event, age, sex, hospital, unit, and co-morbidities
5 10 15 200
Ventilator days
ICUdays
Hospitaldays
VAP
VAC
Days
VAP or VAC positive
VAP or VAC negative
VAP
VAC
VAP
VAC
******
******
**
PLoS ONE 2011;6: e18062
MORTALITY: VAP VERSUS VAC
PLoS ONE 2011;6: e18062
Model adjusted for vent days prior to event, age, sex, hospital, unit, and co-morbidities
0.5 1.0 2.0 2.50
Odds Ratio
1.5 3.0
VAC
VAP
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASESCritical care MD blinded to VAC or VAP status
20
15
10
5
0Pneumoni
a
Pe
rce
nt
of
Pa
tien
ts
PulmEdem
a
ARDS LobarCollapse/Atelectasi
s
PEMucous Plug
VAC VAP
25
Sepsis
XRTpneumonitis
30
PLoS ONE 2011;6: e18062
Objective surveillance definitions for ventilator-associated pneumonia
Retrospective analysis of all patients on mechanical ventilation in 8 different U.S. hospitals
• Community, academic, VA hospitals• 8,123 patients• 8,735 ventilation episodes• 50,324 ventilator-days
VAC patients matched to non-VAC patients. Regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, APACHE score, unit, hospital, pre-morbid time on ventilator
Klompas et al. 2012; Critical Care Medicine; in press
RESULTS
VAC versus non-VAC
Mortality odds ratio 2.4 (95% CI 1.6-3.6)
Excess ventilator days 4.2 days (95% CI 3.8-5.6)
Excess hospital days 3.8 days (95% CI 2.7-6.0)
Klompas et al. 2012; Critical Care Medicine; in press
SENSITIVITY & PPV OF SURVEILLANCE DEFINITIONS FOR HOSPITAL DEATH
Klompas et al. 2012; Critical Care Medicine; in press
VAC SUMMARY• Simple and objective measure
• Captures important complications, most cases due to:
• Pneumonia• Pulmonary edema• ARDS• Atelectasis
• Associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and hospital mortality
Sustained increase in ventilator support after≥2 days of stable or decreasing settings
VAC + (abnormal temp or WBC count) ANDnew antibiotic for 4 days or more
VACventilator-associated condition
iVACinfection-relatedventilator-associated complication
VAPpossible
probable
iVAC + positive respiratory culture ORgram stain with ≥25 polys and ≤10 epis
iVAC + positive respiratory culture ANDgram stain with ≥25 polys and ≤10 epis
BEGIN WITH VAC
Criteria
• ≥2 days of stable or decreasing daily minimum PEEP or FiO2
followed by
• Rise in daily minimum PEEP by ≥3 cm H2O or FiO2 by ≥20 points sustained ≥2 days
OPERATIONALIZING THE DEFINITIONCREATE A DAILY LINELIST
DatePEEP(min)
FiO2(min)
Jan 1 10 100
Jan 2 5 50
CHECK FOR IVAC:ADD TEMP, WBC, & ABX TO THE LINELIST
DatePEEP(min)
FiO2(min)
Tmin
Tmax
WBCmin
WBCmax
Antibiotic Antibiotic
Jan 1 10 100
Jan 2 5 50
Jan 3 5 40
Jan 4 5 40
Jan 5 8 60
Jan 6 8 50
Jan 7 8 40
Jan 8 5 40
Jan 9 5 40
TIPS FOR SUCCESS
Use the linelist approach
Explore your hospital’s IT environment
• Definitions are amenable to complete automation• …but if IT can only offer semi-automation, still a substantial help
• e.g. automatic linelists with daily vent settings for manual review• Linelists of vent settings PLUS temp / wbc / abx / micro • Linelists + automatically flag VAE
Does respiratory therapy already have an electronic tracking system for vented patients?
• Vent settings sometimes stored electronically but outside the EMR• If not currently tracking vented pts electronically, do they want to start?
If automation not possible, ask respiratory therapy and / or nursing for help collecting daily vent settings
• Upcoming project: CUSP for VAP – Maryland – Pennsylvania
• VAP Program Overview – August 7th at 1 pm – August 8th at 11 am
• Complete the EMR Surveillance Assessment
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Next steps:
VAE - EMR Surveillance
• To gain insights into your perceptions about the new VAE definition and existing infrastructure to capture VAE data using Electronic Medical Records (EMR)
– EMR Surveillance Assessment • Survey Monkey https://www.research.net/s/HospitalEMR• 10 minutes to complete
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