WELCOME!

Please find your assigned seat!

Mr. Baker Rm. 107E

toAnatomy and

Physiology

any student with schedule issues can see a counselor in the computer lab (room 101)

• Schedule issues are:• 1. I'm in a class I already passed.• 2. I'm in a class and I haven't had the pre-requisite.• 3. I'm in the same class scheduled twice this semester. • 4. I'm missing a class I need to graduate.

• Schedule issues are not: • 1. I don't want this class anymore.• 2. I don't want to be in this teacher's class.

Classroom Mechanics

• Randomizers• Paperwork Flow• Assignment types• Syllabus• Letters Home• Dissections

TARDY POLICY

Your butt is in your seat by the time the bell finishes ringing.

What is considered on-time?

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Please take a moment to locate your Butt and Your Seat

http://www.totallygeeze.com/2012/04/glutesignoring-them-is-more-than-pain.html http://www.seatingzone.com/products/thumbs/3700BR_thumb_522.jpg

&

If the bell rings and you are:• Just entering the room.• Walking to your seat.• Near but NOT in your seat.• Sharpening your pencil.• In someone else’s seat.• ANYTHING other than sitting PROPERLY in YOUR seat.

http://blogs.discovery.com/.a/6a00d8341bf67c53ef0147e386287a970b-800wi

What is considered “tardy”?

Intro to Anatomy & Physiology

Tell me what our class is about.

• What is Anatomy?

• What is Physiology?

• Think-Pair-Share (3 Min)

What did you get?

http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/15845.jpg

Anatomy: the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Anatomy vs. Physiology

http://www.pinktentacle.com/images/anatomy_godzilla.jpg

Anatomy vs. Physiology

Anatomy:Naming and describing the shape and location of a structure.

You can talk about the Anatomy of just about anything.

• Physiology: the functioning of the body’s structural machinery (how the body parts work and sustain life)

Anatomy vs. Physiology

http://www.uml.edu/SHE/PT/Programs/Exercise-Physiology.aspx

• Anatomy/Physiology are inseparable because structure always reflects function.

• Principle of complementarity of structure and function

Understanding the shape and structure of something can tell you something about how it functions!

Understanding the shape and structure of something can tell you something about how it functions!

• Gross/Macroscopic anatomy: large structures• Microscopic anatomy: microscopic structures• Developmental anatomy: from conception

through old age (changes)

Topics in Anatomy

• Subdivisions based upon the operations of specific organ systems

• Examples:– Renal physiology (urine production and kidney

function) – Neurophysiology (nervous system)– Cardiovascular physiology (operation of heart and

blood vessels)

Topics in Physiology

On the next slide put the words in order of the smallest to largest in terms of size and

complexity and explain each term

Atom

Molecule/compound

Organelle

Cell

Tissue Organ

Organ Systems

Organism

Pair with a partner and compare answers.

Share what you got!

Hierarchy of Structural Organization

Similar cells that have a common function

Made up of at least 2 tissue types that perform specific function

Organs that work closely together towards a common goal are part of a system

Pre-Assessment!

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Video: Der mensch als industriepalast

Better depiction of Anatomy or Physiology?

Body Cavities

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg

Cavities

• Opening within body which protects internal organs, and allows transfer of materials/information

• 2 Divisions– Dorsal– Ventral

Dorsal Cavities

• Made up of two smaller cavities

• 1) Cranial Cavity – holds and protects brain

• 2) Spinal Cavity – column which runs through vertebra and protects spinal chord

Ventral Cavities Thoracic Abdominopelvic

Ventral Cavities• 1) Thoracic – chest area

(holds heart, lungs, and diaphragm)

• 2) Abdominopelvic – lower torso (holds digestive and reproductive organs)

Bovine Pleural Cavity Collapsed Lung in Pleural Cavity

Pleural cavity is the space between the membranes covering the chest wall and lungs.

Pleural cavity

Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet together, palms facing forward, thumbs away from body.

Note: when talking about right/left, you are talking about the patients right or left side, not your own.

• Describes the location of one part of the body in relation to another.

Relative Positions

• Superior: above another part or closer to the head

• Inferior: below another body part or closer to the feet

• Anterior (ventral): towards the front of the body (breastbone anterior to spine)

• Posterior (dorsal): towards the back of the body (spine posterior to the breastbone)

• Medial: toward the middle of the body

• Lateral: away from the middle, towards the outer side of the body

• Proximal: closer to the point of attachment to the trunk (elbow is proximal to the wrist)

• Distal: farther from the point of attachment to the trunk (knee is distal to the thigh)

• Superficial: toward or at the body surface• Deep: away from the body surface, more internal

Body planes and sections - cut into sections along a flat surface called a plane

(also called XS – cross section)

(also called coronal)

Body planes

• Body is 3D

• Can be split into three planes

• Sagittal• Coronal• Transverse

Sagittal Plane• Plane splitting the body

into two parts (left and right)

• Sagittal section is a cut made longitudinally along the body

• If it splits into two equal parts = midsagittal

Coronal Plane

• Plane which splits body into anterior and posterior section

• Ie. Facelift

Transverse Plane

• Separates body along horizontal plane

• Also called a cross section

• Will divide an organism into superior and inferior parts

Anatomy and Physiology

Visible Human Project Video

• Serous: double-layered membrane covering the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs.– Part lining the cavity walls is called the parietal serosa.– Part covering the organs is called the visceral serosa.

-Fluid is important for organs to move along cavity walls without friction.

Membranes in the Ventral Body Cavity

Serous MembranesSerous membranes are named according to where it

is located:

1. Parietal pleura/Visceral pleura – membranes that line the pleural cavity and lungs.

2. Parietal pericardium/Visceral pericardium – membranes that line the pericardial cavity and the heart.

3. Parietal peritoneum/visceral peritoneum – membranes that line the peritoneal cavity and the viscera in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Visceral Pleura

Parietal pleura

• Second Half of sheet from yesterday. • 15min to complete.

Maintaining Life

http://marketmatch.blogspot.com/2012/04/6-degrees-of-kevin-bacon.html

Our body requires interdependence of all body cells. No organ works in isolation. All organs work together to promote the well-being of the entire body

Each organ systems make major contributions to specific functional processes…

Overview of Anatomy: Homeostasis

• A dynamic state of equilibrium in which internal conditions change and vary, but always within a narrow limit.

• Who/what plays a role in maintaining homeostasis?

What is homeostasis

• Receptor: sensor that monitors changes in the environment. When changes is detected it sends a signal to the control center

• Control center: processes information from the receptor (is there too much or too little?)

• Effector: responds to the signal sent out by the control signal

Homeostatic Control:3 interdependent components

• ReceptorControl Center: afferent pathway• Control CenterEffector: efferent pathway

Pathways

• Negative feedback: when the net effect is that the output of the system decreases or shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity

• Most control mechanisms are negative feedback• Ex. Fever: receptors send signal to the brain (control

center) telling the brain that secretions on skin should increase to cool body down. Effector causes you to sweat and “break” the fever.

Feedback

• Positive Feedback: the response of the mechanism enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus so that the activity is accelerated. Change that occurs proceeds in the SAME direction as what was already occurring.

• Ex. Blood clotting: chemicals cause your blood to clot naturally but when your body senses this, it releases even more chemicals to cause the clotting to occur faster.

Feedback

• When your body can’t maintain homeostasis, disease occurs

Homeostatic Imbalance

System Functions

Take 5min to match the system to its function. Work in pairs.

Review!

• provides a protective barrier for the body, contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, temperature!

Integumentary System

• protects major organs, provides levers and support for body movement

• Blood cells formed within bones

Skeletal System

• Moves bones and maintains posture!

• PRODUCES HEAT

Muscular System

• CONTROL SYSTEM!

Nervous System

• SECRETES HORMONES THAT REGULATE GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, AND METABOLISM

Endocrine System

Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gases and wastes in blood!

Cardiovascular System

Returns fluid to cardiovascular system, detects, filters, and eliminates disease causing organisms!

Lymphatic System

Adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood.

Respiratory System

Breaks down food into units that can be absorbed by the body

Digestive System

Removes wastes, maintains body fluid volume, pH and electrolyte levels.

Urinary/Excretory System

• PRODUCES SEX CELLS AND HORMONES

Reproductive System

Male

Female

Think Pair Share

• How do each of these systems contribute to homeostasis?– Integumentary– Lymphatic– Skeletal– Muscular– Urinary– Digestive– Respiratory– Cardiovascular– Nervous– Endocrine– Reproductive

I will ask someone from each group to offer an answer for each.

Take 5 min

Functions Flyswatter!

Integumentary

Lymphatic

Skeletal

Muscular

Urinary

Digestive

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

Nervous

Endocrine

Reproductive