Ent. Re、,. Japan, 62 (1 ): 1-9, June30, 2007

Weevils of the Genus Smicrony;x; in Japan(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

K atsura MORIMOTo

20-101 , Nata-danchi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 811-0205 Japan

and

H iroaki K oJIMA*

The Kyushu University Museum, Kyushu University,Fukuoka,812-8581 Japan

A bstr ac t Weevils of the genus S,n1(,、1・oily_、, in Japan are revised treating four species withsmlc1・onyx gentlanae sp n o v from Honshu, Japan. Key to species and illustrations of impor-tant features are provided.Smlc1・ony.1l,1no1-natus ANDERSON,1974, from Pakistan synonymizedby KARAsYNov,1995, with S.1・ub1・lcatus KONo,1930, is resurrected as a valid species withnotes on their distinguishing characters.

This paper is dedicated to the late Prof. Hiroyuki SAsAJI, an eminent coleopterist and ourclose frjend of long standing, for the commemoration of his great contributions not only to sys-tematjcs but also to his activities for the conservation of biodiversity. During the preparation ofthjs paper SAsAJl's kind cooperation comes up in the senior author's memory for the collectionof smlc1-ony.、, mada1・anus on CuscMfa c/7lnensls at Sanrihama beach in Fukui, where he met thisspecies for the first time.

In thjs revision of weevils of the genus Smlc1・onyx in Japan, four species are treated, ofwhjch one is a new species: S getlt lanae sp nov., and S. ino1'flatus ANDERSON, 1974, f「ompakjstan is newly resurrected from the synonymy of S rubricatus KONo, 1930. Japanesespecjes belong all to the sczifpr1coff1s group of ANDERSON(1962) in the subgenus Smlcrony、-.

Materials treated in this paper are all preserved in the collection of the Entomo1o9iCalLaboratory, Kyushu University. Drawings were made through the compound and stereoscopicmjcroscopes wjth the aid of an attached drawing tube and a calibrated eyepiece. Important char-acters of S dentirostris were already illustrated in the original description(MORIMOTo and LEE,1992) and not repeated here.

we wjsh to express our thanks for help in this study to the following entomologists: J. D.BAE, H. IcHIHAsHI, S. KIMoT0, C. E. LEE, H. MASUDA, T. MIKAGE, Y. MIYATAKE, Y・MURAKAMI. H. SASAJI and Y. TAKAKURA.

*present address: Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of A9「iCultu「e,1737, Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034 Japan

Katsura MoRIMoT0 and Hiroaki KoJIMA

Key to species of Smicronyx: in Japan

1(4) Body and legs entirely black, scaling predominantly whitish,ovate and dense on the under-side and completely concealing dorm.

2(3) Pronotum 15-1.8 times as wide as long, with a median whitish narrow scaly stripe besidesbroad lateral ones; femora unarmed; rostrum in male with a weak median carina. - - - - -・

Smc1'ony,、- '71adaranus KO N 03(2) Pronotum about as wide as long, without median whitish stripe; femora armed with minute

teeth; rostrum without median carina in both sexes. - - - - - Smlc1・ony gentia11ae sp nov.4(1) Body and/or legs entirely or partly brownish to reddish brownish; scaling on the underside

sparser exposing dorm between scales; femora unarmed.5(6) Entirely reddish or chestnut brown; rostrum with a denticle at the base of dorsal margin of

antennal scrobe on each side; pronotum with punctures confluent to form closely arrangedanterolateraIly curved rows from the mid line. -・・ Smc1-onyl- ffe,7fl,-osr,-ls MoRIMoTo et LEE

6(5) Black, with reddish brown to dark brownish legs and lateral part of elytra; rostrum not den-tate near base; pronotum with reticulate punctures; lateral pieces of meso- and metatho-races with denser whitish scales

Smicronyr gen'anae s(Figs. 1-7, 18, 19)

n o v

Smc1'onyx' '-ub'-lcatus KO N o

Smlc''o'1y.:l mada''antis: HIcucHI (nec KONo), 1953, Saishu to Shiiku, 15:28 (Fukushima?; biology onGo,1flana scab,・a).

S'川CI'ony_;t1 Sp: MORIMOT0, l984, Coleopt. Jpn in col.,4:290(Honshu). - MoRIMoT0,1996, jn YUKAwAand MAsUDA, Insect and mite galls in Japan:280(biology).

M ale. Entirely black, with whitish and brownish gray scales;ovate scales dense on theunderside, almost whitish on pro-, meso- and metasterna, brownish gray on lateral pieces ofmeso- and metathraces and antero-1atera1 area of metasternum, mostly whitish on venter mixingbrownish gray ones in the median area; pronotum with a broad lateral stripe on each sjde, whjchis whitish mixing a few brownish gray scales along inner margin and replaced with brownishscales at apical third, with a short median stripe before scutellum composed of less than tenovate and dark brownish scales; elytra with definite whitish patches on shoulder and base ofthird interval, and indefinite variable transverse patches mixing with a few brownish gray scalesat their peripheries; legs with slender whitish and brownish gray scales.

Head bare, with small and sparse punctures; rostrum moderately curved, of the samethickness throughout in lateral aspect, alutaceous, with shallow and indefinite punctures, wjth_out Carinae, weakly angular at base of the dorsal margin of antennal scrobe on each sjde; anten_nae inserted at apical third of rostrum, with proportions in length(width) from scape to club as166(35) :60(27) :26(22) :21(24) : 19(24) :19(27) :24(32) :25(36) :116(50), funicle with firstsegment clavate, second segment cylindrical.

P「onOtum as long as wide, widest behind the middle, weakly arcuate at sides from base toa third from apex, then rather strongly narrowed to subapical constriction; disc wjth dense smallPunctures, interstices narrower than their diameter and finely wrinkled. Scutellum punctiform.

S,川ore,1y、'of Japan

Figs. 1-7. Smlc,-on),_、- go,1tla,lao sp nov. - 1 , Rostrum, male; 2, rostrum, female; 3, antenna;4,5, aedeagus, dorsal and lateral aspects;6, tegmen and parameres; 7, spiculum gastrale.

Elytra 1 .25 limes as long as wide, widest at the middle, then slightly nalTowing to humeri instraight sides, evenly narrowing to apex in a curve; striae narrow and sharp; intervals flat, irre9-ularly with shallow punctures.

Femora clavate, armed with minute teeth, which are almost vestigial on hind legs; tibiaedilated internally and externally at apices, strongly mucronate at inner apex; claws almost Paral-lel and connate for the half of their length.

prosternum canaliculated, with dense ovate whitish scales, each side of the canal ridged;venter with first and fifth ventrites depressed in the middle. Propygidium with a pair of setifer-ous pits, pygidium also with a pair of setiferous pits and a simple seta behind the pit in general,but the latter seta often absent in one side.

Male aedeagus twice as long as wide, parallel-sided, weakly arcuate at apex, with about50sensory pores on each side near apex; internal sac with dense minute spinules of three types,dome shaped spinules near apical orifice, fusiform ones in median and basal areas, and spinyones in basal area.

Female: Rostrum slenderer, antennae inserted at two-fifth from apex of rostrum; first ven-trite flat in the m iddle.

Length:2.4-2.6 mm(excluding rostrum).Holotype: (Type No 3243, Kyushu Univ ) and 5 paratypes, 3 , 2早早, Mt.

Kaikoma, Yamanashi Prof.,30. VII i945, H. MAsuDA leg.Distribution. Japan (Honshu).

K atsura MoRIMoTo and H ir oaki K oJIMA

8

Figs. 8- l l . S'nlc''ollyx mada''anlts KoNo. - 8, Antenna; 9, 10, aedeagus, dorsal and lateral aspectsl l , spiculum gastrale.

Biology. Mr. MAsuDA made a note that “these weevils were emerged from the fusiformgalls, 30 X 14 mm in size, on the stems of Gentlana scabra. These were in pupal and adultstaged in the pupal cell, 3.5 X 2.0 m m in size, when co l lected the galls on July 30, 1945.”HIGuCHI (1953) reported that “the galls on Gentiana scab1・a grow from early summer andbecoming maximum size in September, new adults emerge from middle fo late September,probably hibernate in litter, the full-grown galls are subovate, smooth on surface and reddjsh,10-15 mm in diameter, and a few larvae grow in a gall”.

Notes. This species is similar to the most species associated with Cuscuta spp. in generalappearance, but is distinct from the North American and some of Pakistani species by havingminute teeth on femora, mostly grayish scaling, and no median grayish scaly stripe on prono-tum. This is the second species known to have associated with Gentlana following afterSmic1'onyx reiclii in Europe(LoHsE,1983).

Among the Japanese species, present new species is easily determined by the characters inthe key.

12

S,川c1-ony,1' of Japan

Figs. 12-15. Smlc1・onyx1-ub,・lcattls KONo. - 12, Antenna; 13, 14, aedeagus, dorsal and lateralaspects; 15, spiculum gastrale.

Smicrony;x; madaranus Keno(Figs 8-11, 17)

Smicronyx madar,mus KoNo, 1930, Ins. Mats.,4: 161 (Iwate). - SATo, 1963, Saishu to Shiiku, 25: 32(Nishinomiya; biology,on Cuscuta australis). - SuGA, 1964, Saishu to Shiiku, 26: 88 (Nagoya, onCuscuta aust1・alls). - EGoRov, 1976, Ent. 0boz., 55: 831 (Primorye). - MORIMOTo, 1984,Coleopt. Jpn in col.,4: 290, pl 57, fig.14 (Honshu). - SAwADA, 1991, Pulex, (79): 402 (Fukuoka:

Hajnuzuka, in net-trap). - MoRIMoTo, 1996, in YUKAwA and MAsUDA, Insect and mite galls inJapan,280, D-039 (Galls on Cuscuta chlrlensis and C. pentagona). - HONG et al.,2000, 111. Cat.Curc. Korea: 66 (Korea). - UsuBA, 2004, Handbook of insect galls:59, fig 96 (Galls on Cuscutachinensls and C. pentagona).

This is similar to S gentianae in coloration and scaling, but is different in the followingpoints: pronotum transverse,1.5-1.8 times as wide as long, more arcuate at sides, with medianwhjtjsh scaly stripe on disc; rostrum thick at base, gradually and weakly tapering apically in lat-eral aspect, with a weak median carina on basal two-thirds in male; femora unarmed; aedeagusslender,3.4 times as long as wide, weakly concave at apex. Length:2.2-2.4 mm.

specjmens examined.1 (j7、, l 早, Arahama beach, Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prof., 3. VII.1992, H. FUKUHARA leg;3 (j'、,2早早, dittO, S. USUBAleg. (cOllected galls On CuSCutapenta90-na on to. x.1gg3, emerged on23. X); many specimens, Sanrihama, Fukui City,23. VI.1982,K. MoRIMoTo leg. (collected galls on Cuscuta chinensls and emerged from23. VI to le. VII);1

, Kawaharagoe, Nannoh-cho, Gifu Prof.,14. IX. 1980, T. NoHIRA leg; 1 , 1 早, KisOzaki-son, Kuwana-cho, Mie Prof., S. SATo leg. (collected galls on Cuscuta aust1'alls on2. X.1983,emerged on21. X. l983); 5 , 4早早, Hosono, Seika-cho, Soura-gun, Kyoto Pref., Y.

K atsu ra M oRIMoTo and H i roaki K oJIMA

MIYATAKEleg. (collected galls on Cuscuta pentagona on25. IX. l982, emerged en i f . X); 1 ♀,Kyushu Agric. Exp. Sta., Chikugo City, 7. VIII.1990 (net trap).

fstrl加rlon. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu).Notes. When tested in the key made by ANDERSON(1962) on North American species, this

goes down to S. paclftcus, but is entirely black, with broad stripe on pronotum on each side anda narrow median stripe formed of ovate whitish scales, and the male aedeagus is slenderer. Thisis also close to S. lis11oensls among the species from the Pakistan associated with Cuscuta spp.(ANDERSON, 1974), but is di fferent in the scaly pattern of elytra, slenderer male genitalia, andpaired parameres cleft to the base.

1ofogy. Host plants confirmed are Cuscufa ausf1・afls, c/11nensfs andpenragona, of whichthe last one is an American species and is spreading in Japan since 1976. Galls on Cuscuta ch1-nensts made by a larva are the banana-shaped (11 mm long, 3.5 mm wide) or ovoid (4- 8 mm

long,4-6 mm wide) on a side of stem, but those made by several larvae on stem and flowerstalk are large spherical or ovoid (up to t3 mm long,8.5 mm wide), baccate, pale orange incolor and shiny on surface. The pupal cell is oblong ovate (2.5-4.0 mm long,1.8-2.0 mm wide).Annual life cycle is unclear, but the observed data suggest the possibility of a few or continu-ously overlapped generations from the late spring to autumn on the host plant. Adults must bean active flier as it was collected by a wind net-trap, which is of a large com-shape set in a tallpole for the collection of the air-born insects(SAwADA,1991).

Smicronyx dentirostris MoRIMoT0 et LEE

Smlc1'onyx do'tt11'ost1'Is MoRIMoTo et LEE, 1992, Esakia, (32): 8 (Korea: Chejudo, Japan: Kyushu,Tsushima; figs rostrum, antenna, male genitalia). - HONG et al., 2000, 111. Cat. Cure. Korea: 66(Korea).

Entirely reddish brown; suture, ventral side and coxae often chestnut brown; scalingbrownish gray, forming indefinite five stripes on pronotum, transverse bands on elytra, and defi-nite basal patch on third interval; underside clothed with spaced scales. Rostrum with a denticleat the base of dorsal margin of antennal scrobe on each side as a prominence behind scape ofantenna when rested. Femora unarmed. Male aedeagus twice as long as wide. Body length:2.4-2.6 m m .

Specimens examined. Type-series, no additional material.Dlstrtbution. Japan(Kyushu: Beppu, Tsushima), Korea(Cheju City:Ora-dong).1ofogy. U n o w n .

Notes. This species is easily recognized by its coloration and denticulate rostrum at baseon the unders ide. In Cheju City, this weevil was collected at a levee below the stadium bysweeping, but the host plant was not confirmed.

Smicrony;x: rubricatus Keno(Figs.12-15,21, 22)

Snlicrony.1' ''ubricatus KONo, 1930, Ins. Mats.,4: 161 (Kiushu). - Voss, 1958, Dechenjana, Bejhefte5:114 (China: Fukien). - EGoRov, l976, Ent. 0boz., 55: 831 (Primorye). - MoRIMoTo, 1984,Coleopt. Jpn in col.,4:290, pl 57, fig.13 (Kyushu). - KARAsYNov, 1995, Reichenbachia,31: 61 (=

l 7

SI711(,,'ony.l'of Japan

l 8

Figs. 17-22. Habitus photographs of Smlc1-o11y.t- spp. - 17, S. 1tlada1'anus KONo; 18, 19, S gentla11ae sp nov20, S do前 rosr1-1s MoRIMoT0 et LEE; 21 , 22, S.1'llb1lcarlls KON0.

S. inc,・natus ANDERSON). - MoRIMoTo and LEE, 1992, Esakia, (32): 8 (Korea: Chejudo). - HONG

et al., 2000, 111. Cat. Cure. Korea: 66 (Korea).

Sim i lar to S dentlrostris in structure and scaling, but is different in the following points:bico1orous, body blackish, with reddish brown to dark brownish legs or at least tibiae, antennalscapes and lateral part of elytra in various width, mostly from fourth to seventh intervals; ros-trum without denticle at base, more sharply depressed at base on dorsum, with irregular tworows of shallow punctures, interstices between them not carinate; pronotum reticulately punc-tate. Length:2.2-2.4 mm.

Specimens examtned. 1 , Senami, N-Echigo, NiigataPref., 6. VII i964, K. BABA leg; l早, Mt. Murakuni, Takefu City, Fukui Pref.,15. VII i953, Y. MURAKAMI leg ;1早, Sukumo,Kochi Prof., 17. VII i953, K. MoRIMoT01eg; 1早, 0hsakayama, Kitakyushu City, l2. VI.1977, Y. TAKAKURA leg; 1 , Mt. Hike, Fukuoka Prof., 4. Vm. 1954, S. KIMOTo leg; 1 , Mt.

Soho, 0ita Pref., 6. VIII. 1954, H KAMIYA leg ; 1 , NaeLyongRi, SanNaeMeon, NamWeon-

Katsura MoRIMoTo and Hiroaki KoJIMA

Gun, JeonRaBugDo, Korea, 13. V. 1991, K. MoRIMoTo leg; 1 , JeongLyongChy, SanNae-Mon, NamWeonGun, JeonRaBugDo, Korea, J. D. BAEleg; l , 1 早, Mt. TaeBaek, TaeBaekshi, KangWonDo, Korea, 13. VIII. 1991, J. D. BAEleg; 1 , 3早早, Lushan, Wenchuan Hs.,Taiwan, 29. IV. 1977, T. MIKAGE leg. 1早, Nakhodka-Khabarovsk, Russia, 17. VII i958 (atlight in train).

Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, China (Fujian), Taiwan (newrecord), Far East Russia.

Biology. Unknown.Notes. This species is easily recognized by coloration. The legs are generally reddish

brown to dark reddish brown, but often the coxae and femora are almost blackish; brownisharea of the elytra are also variable in width, usually longitudinal broad striped on fourth to sev-enth intervals,often the elytra are almost entirely reddish brown except for the median longitu-dinal blackish area between the third striae from base to declivity.

KARASYNOV (1995) synonymized S.1nornatus ANDERSON, l974, from Pakistan with thisspecies, but these are quite different species separable by the following characters, and thus S.1nornatus is newly resurrected from the synonymy ofS rubricatus.

S rubricatus: Rostrum without carinae on dorsum; prothorax transverse,1.6 times as wideas long; femora unarmed.

S. lnornatus: Rostrum with three dorsal carinae; prothorax nearly as long as wide; femoraarmed with a small, ventral subapical tooth.

要 約

森本 桂・ 小島弘昭 : 日本産ケシツブゾウムシ属. - 日本のケシツブゾウムシ属のうち,リンドゥの茎に虫こぶを形成するリンドウケシツブゾウムシSmicronyx: sp. とした種をS gen-tianae sp nov. として記載した. この属の4 種は, 全体黒色で腹面が密に鱗片で覆われる上記の種とマダラケシツブゾウムシS madaranus (マメダオシ, ハマネナシカズラ, アメリカネナシカズラに虫こぶを形成) , 及び体全体または一部が赤褐色で腹面鱗片が疎らなアカケシツブゾウムシS dentirostrisとアカスジケシツブゾウムシS rubricatusの2 群に大別できる. 前群は,前胸が幅広く, 背面中央に鱗片による狭い中央条があり, 腿節に歯のないマダラケシツブと,前胸は長さと幅が等しく, 背面中央に白色条がなく, 腿節に小さな歯のあるリンドゥケシツブに区別できる. 後群は, 全体赤褐色で, 吻基部直前で触角溝上緑後端が下方へ突出するアカケシツブと, 黒色で脚の全体または一部, 及び上翅第4 ~ 7 間室 (変異あり) が赤褐色のアカスジケシツブに区別できる. パキスタン産のS. inornatus ANDERSONはアカスジケシツブの異名とされたが, 区別点を記して別種とした.

References

ANDERSON, D. M., 1962. The weevil genus Smic,,onyx in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera:Curculionidae). Proceedings of theU,utedStatenat1onalMuseum,113: 185-372.

ANDERSON, D. M.,1974. Some species of Smicronyx(Coleoptera Curculionidae) associated with Cuscutaspecies (Convolvulaceae) in Pakistan. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington, 76:359-374.

EGOROv, A. B.,1976. A review of the fauna of weevils(Coleoptera, Curculionidae)of Primorye Territory.Entomo1oglcheskoe chez,・enle, 55: 826-841. (In Russian )

Smic,-ony.、-of Japan

HIGUcHl, T., 1953. Notes on the galls made by weevils. Salshu to Shliku (Collecting and Breeding),l5(1): 28-29. (In Japanese )

HONG, K.-J., A. B. EGoRov and B. A. KoRoTYAEv,2000. Illustrated Catalogue of CurculiOnidae in KO「ea(Coleoptera). In PARK, K. T. (ed ), Insects of Korea, (5). 337 pp.

KARAsYNov, V. P., 1995. Taxonomic notes on Old World Smicronychini (Insecta: ColeOpte「a:Curculionidae: Erirrhininae). Relchenbachia, 31(12):57-63.

KONo, H.,1930. Langriissler aus clem Japanischen Reich. 1,1secta matsumu1'ana,4:145-162.

LoHsE, G. A.,1983. Unterfamilie: Notarinae. In FREUDE, H., K. W. HARDE and G. F. LOHSE(eds), DieKafer Mitteleuropas,11 :59-78. Goecke and Evers, Krefeld.

MoRIMoTo, K., 1984. Curculionidae. In HAYAsHl, M., K. MoRIMoTo and S. KIMOTo (eds), Coleoptera ofJapan in color,4:269-345,53-68 pls. Hoikusha,Osaka. (In Japanese)

MoRIMoT0, K., 1996. Coleoptera. In YUKAwA, J and H. MAsUDA (eds), Insect and mite galls in Japan.826 pp. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo. (In Japanese)

MoRIMoTo, K and C. E. LEE, l992. Curculionidae from Cheju Island, Korea with description of three newspecies(Insects, Coleoptera). Esakia, (32):1-18.

SATo, S.,1963. The galls on Cuscuta austratis. Saishu to Shliku(Colte ting andB1'ceding),25(5):32-33.(In Japanese )

SAwADA, Y., 1991. First record of Smlcrony.1' mada1'anus KONo from Kyushu. Pule.x', (79): 402. (InJapanese )

SoLARl, F., 1952. Quattro nuovi Smlcronyx europei e note critiche su alcune altra speel del genera (Col.Cure). Memo1・ie delta Socleta entomo1ogIca Italiana,31: 22-37.

SUGA, H., 1964. The galls on Cuscuta australis in Nagoya. Saishu to Shiiku(Co11elting and Breeding),26(4): 88. (In Japanese )

UsuBA, S.,2004. Handbook of insect galls 82 pp. Bun-lobi Sogo Shuppan, Tokyo. (In Japanese )Voss, E., 1958. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Curculioniden im Grenzgebiet der Orientalischen z u r

Palaarktischen Region. Decheniana, Beihefte5: 1-139.

(Received March 14,2007; Accepted April 12,2007)