week2 phonetics 1

8/14/2019 Week2 Phonetics 1

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Ling170D: PhoneticsLing170D: Phonetics

THE BIG CONCEPTS

•

your head all day every day

•Unlearning the

spelling

instinct:

•Decoupling the sounds of English from their written representations

‐

transcription: the International Phonetic Alphabet

•Today: Basic Consonant Sounds. Thursday: Basic

Vowel Sounds



Ling170D: PhoneticsLing170D: Phoneticsn earn ng e spe ng ns nc :

•The relationship

between

English

letters

and

English

s eech sounds is hi hl indirect.

•English spelling has been essentially frozen since the

late fifteenth

century,

even

as

the

vowel

and

largely or even completely reorganized.

• could ust as easil be s elled hoti:

•<gh> in laugh , rough

•<o> in w omen

•<ti> in nati on, loti on ( link )



Ling170D: PhoneticsLing170D: Phoneticsn earn ng t e spe ng nst nct:

•English spelling does not reflect differences between

environments. Think of the sound indicated by <t> in

take vs. steak .

•English spelling has no way of consistently

representing non‐English sounds, e.g. clicks, uvulars,

p aryngea s, g otta zat on,

etc.

etc.



Stop or Plosive:

Oral and nasal cavities are completely

.

until the

stop/plosive

is

released

poor – bore – t ore – d oor – c ore – gore

Fricative:

Two parts in the oral cavity are brought

close enough

together

to

create

of the lungs, creating ‘white noise.’

f our – Thor – sore – hair

Nasa :The mouth is completely closed off but

the velum is lowered, allowing air to

come out throu h the nose.

Voicing: The vocal chords are brought together

closely enough to start vibrating against

mere – near – hangeach other, creating a buzzing sound.

poor – bore – swi f t – swi v el



. .. .We’re already in trouble with English

spelling. We’re using two letters in some

cases to represent a single sound:

Thor hang

Moreover, each of these letters already has

t ore hair near gore

We also

have

letters

that

are

sometimes

without jobs. They represent sounds that

English had – and has since lost – when our

spelling system was established in more or

less it’s current form. Exam le: the velar

fricative hear

in

Yiddish

‐influenced

English

– or from Groundskeeper Willie on The

Simpsons: Ach!

r g – roug – aug ‐ aug er



We need an alphabet

that …

sound in any language, includingany possible sound we might not

yet have encountered

•Allows a one-to-one relationship

between symbols and sounds –

not one-to-many, many-to-one,.

•We’ll be taking a tour through this

vast inventory, concentrating on the

.

•From now on, we’ll represent

phonetic symbols in [square

brackets] and spelled words in

<angled brackets> or in italics.



Feeling Out the Points and MannersFeeling Out the Points and Manners

of Articulation: English Soundsof Articulation: English Sounds

hang water uh-oh

think this share treasure




of Articulation: Nonof Articulation: Non--English SoundsEnglish Sounds




of Articulation: Nonof Articulation: Non--English SoundsEnglish SoundsTry It Out:

Which best

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at

by the bolded letters?

Voicing Place of Articulation Manner of Articulation

V o i c e d

V o i c e l e s s

L a b i a l

D e n t a l

A l v e o l a r

P o s t ‐

a l v e o l a r

V e l a r

S t o p

F r i c a t i v e

N a s a l

pressure

pressure

skin

sk in

skin





Which best

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at



V o i c e d

V o i c e l e s s

L a b i a l

D e n t a l

A l v e o l a r

P o s t ‐

a l v e o l a r

V e l a r

S t o p

F r i c a t i v e

N a s a l

pressurepressure X X X

skin X X X

sk in X X X

skin X X X





Which best

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at



V o i c e d

V o i c e l e s s

L a b i a l

D e n t a l

A l v e o l a r

P o s t ‐

a l v e o l a r

V e l a r

S t o p

F r i c a t i v e

N a s a l

gnaw

nothing

soothed

pressed

pressed





Which best

describes

the

sounds

hinted

at



V o i c e d

V o i c e l e s s

L a b i a l

D e n t a l

A l v e o l a r

P o s t ‐

a l v e o l a r

V e l a r

S t o p

F r i c a t i v e

N a s a l

gnaw X X Xnothing X X X

soothed X X X

pressed X X X

pressed X X X

week2 phonetics 1

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