week of march 23rd presentation - city tech openlab€¦ · week of march 23nd (due march 30th) in...
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WeekofMarch23nd(dueMarch30th)InClassWork—submitviaOpenLab,emailorDropbox• ElementsofArgumentWritingchartforadvertisement(onHandout)
• ElementsofArgumentWritingchartforyourownsource(onHandout)
• Writebriefresponseto“FakeNewsEntry”onWikipediaandConservipediaonOpenLabDiscussion
• Complete5Wsand1HtoDetermineSourceCredibilityforyourownSource
WeekofMarch23nd• Homework: Read "The Williamsburg Renaissance" by
Jessica Guerra. Answer the following questions either on OpenLab Discussion OR upload to Dropbox/ email me.
– This piece was written by a CityTech student for English 1101! I like the piece a lot because it show cases a very effective way to present the research that she procured.
– What is the problem that Guerrar identifies in her neighborhood? What reasons and evidence does she provide?
– What solution to her problem does she offer? Do you agree with her proposed solution? Why or why not?
– What did you think of this piece? Explain.
• Homework: Write a draft of an annotated bibliography for ONE of your sources. Do not worry about the citations. We will cover that next week.
Genre:Persuasive(argument)Writing
• Wearegoingtolookatpersuasivewritinginthisunit.
• Wearegoingtolookathowauthors,persuadetheiraudiencetothinkoractinacertainway.
• Wearealsogoingtolookatwaystostrengthenyourownargumentsandtorecognizethestrengthensandweaknessesoftheargumentsofotherpeople.
ElementsofArgumentWriting
ELEMENT DEFINITION
Issue
Argument
Claim
Reason
Evidence
Counterclaim
ElementsofArgumentWriting
• LISTENtoMiniLessonhttps://youtu.be/qmmtHmJkGt8
• USEthearticle“AffordableHousingPoliciesMaySpurGentrification,Segregation”asamodel
Issue
• Anissueisanimportanttopicorproblemthatiscoveredintheargumentativetext.
• Example:“Theissueinthiseditorialisaffordablehousing.”
Argument
• Anargumentisadisagreementontheissue.Thisisastatementofwheretheproblemliesandclarifieswhytheissueisproblematic.Statementoftheargumentcanbemadeusing“whetherornot.”
• Example:“Theargumentinthispieceiswhetherornottheconnectionbetweenluxurybuildingandaffordablehousingingentrifyingareasactuallycausessegregation.”
Claim
• Claim:Aclaimisanassertionthatsomethingistrue.Themainclaimistheauthor’sclearstatementofthepointofviewtheywillargueforandusually,abriefexplanationofwhy.
• Example:“Theconnectionbetweenluxurydevelopmentandaffordablehousingmaybecausingsegregation.”
Reason
• Reason:Astatementthatjustifiestheclaim.Reasonsexplainwhythereadershouldagreewiththeclaim.
• Example:“Becausegovernmentinvestmentisaffordablehousingistiedintopublicprivateluxury-affordablemodelstheCommunitybasednonprofit-developersneedprivatedollarstofundtheirwork.”
Evidence
• Facts,orproof,thatsupportthereasoning.Thestrongestevidencecomesfromvalid,crediblesources.
• Example:“Since2000,averagerentshavedoubledinWilliamsburg-Greenpointandalmost40percentoftheLatinopopulationhaslefttheneighborhoodbecauseofhousingcosts.”
Counterclaim
• Counterclaim:Foundwithinthebodyparagraphsorinaseparatebodyparagraph,thecounterclaimstatestheothersideoftheargumentandmayevenincludeevidenceinsupportoftheothersideoftheargument.Thisisdonesothattheauthorcanrefute,ordemonstratetheweaknessof,thecounterclaim.
• Example:“TherealityofaffordablehousingpolicyinNYisratherlessrosythanthepublicrelationseffortsofthedevelopersandtheBloombergadministrationwouldhaveusthink.”
ElementsofArgumentWritingELEMENT DEFINITION
Issue Anissueisanimportanttopicorproblemthatiscoveredintheargumentativetext.
Argument Anargumentisadisagreementontheissue.Thisisastatementofwheretheproblemliesandclarifieswhytheissueisproblematic.Statementoftheargumentcanbemadeusing“whetherornot.”
Claim Aclaimisanassertionthatsomethingistrue.Themainclaimistheauthor’sclearstatementofthepointofviewtheywillargueforandusually,abriefexplanationofwhy.
Reason Astatementthatjustifiestheclaim.Reasonsexplainwhythereadershouldagreewiththeclaim.
Evidence Facts,orproof,thatsupportthereasoning.Thestrongestevidencecomesfromvalid,crediblesources.
Counterclaim Thecounterclaimstatestheothersideoftheargumentandmayevenincludeevidenceinsupportoftheothersideoftheargument.Thisisdonesothattheauthorcanrefute,ordemonstratetheweaknessof,thecounterclaim.
Advertisements• Thewholepurposeofadvertisementsistosellaproduct/ideatoanaudience.Adsareagreatexampleofthepersuasive(argument)genre).
• Inordertoaccomplishthistask,advertisers,usemanypersuasiveelementssuchaspathos,logosandethos,toappealtotheiraudience.
• However,sometimes,whenyoulookcloselyatads(andotherargumentpieces),youmaynotice,thattheyaremissingkeyelementsanditisimportanttoconsiderWHY.WHYleaveouttheevidence?Orthecounterclaim?Whatdoesthatmean?
STOPandJOT!
• Turntoyourhandout.LookatthefirstblankElementsofArgumentChart.
• UsingtheAdvertisementonthefollowingslide,trytoidentifyasmanyelementsofargumentasyoucan.Remember,youmanynotfindeveryelementineverypiece!
ConnecttoYOURResearch
• ChooseONEofyoursourcesandusethesourcetocompletethesecondblankIdentitytheElementsofArgumenttableinthehandout.
BiasInSources
WatchMiniLesson!
• https://youtu.be/XbaXAUDMk9w
Bias
• Havingbiasmeanshavingaprejudiceorpreferencefororagainstaperson,object,oridea.
• Arguably,allwritingcontainsbias.• Humanbeingsinevitablyhaveapointofviewtowardwhateversubjectstheirwritingaddresses,andconsciouslyorunconsciously,attitudesandopinionsmayinfluencethetone,content,andcentralideasofthewriting.
Bias
• Bias,however,isfrequentlyconsideredapejorativeornegativetermbecauseitsometimesimpliesthattheauthortriedtoinfluencetheaudiencetowardhisorherpointofviewunfairlybymanipulatingfacts,tone,timing,orotherfactorsrelatedtothepiece.
• Whilebiasisverycommon,itisnotnecessarilyabadthing.Itcanbehelpfultounderstandtheviewsofaparticularauthor,group,ororganization,evenifhe,she,oritisbiased.
KeytoUsingBiastoHelp!
• Separatewhatisfactualinformationfromwhatisbiasedtreatmentoffacts.Whydoadvertisers,forexample,presentbiasedinformation?Howisbiasusedtoswayopinions?Biasdoesnotmeanasourceisnotcredible,butitmeansthatwehavetobeawareofwhatfactsarebeingpresented,whatfactsarenotbeingpresentedandhowtheinformationisbeingshared.
Top10CluesthataPieceIsBiased1. Theauthorisknowntohavestrongviewsoranagenda.
2. Factsarenotsupportedbyevidenceormultiplecrediblesources.
www.snopes.comorwww.factcheck.orgrevealsthattheinformationinthepiece
isnottrue.
3. Therearegeneralizationswithoutsupport:Mostpeoplebelieve…
4. Thewriteromitsfactsandinformationthatdonotsupportherview.
5. Thewriteronlyusessourcesthatsupporthisview.
6. Littleornoattentionispaidtoopposingviews.
7. Thereisasalespitchorappealformoney.
8. Thepiecepresentsaone-sidedopinionaboutapolitician,party,orpolicy.
9. Theauthoruseswordsand/oratonethatstirsemotionsorconveysstrong
images:bearhuntversusbearslaughter.
10. Theheadlineorcontentevokesalotofemotion
Let’sLook!
• ReadthefollowingtwopiecesonthetermFakeNews.OnewaspostedonWikipediaandtheotherwaspostedonConservapedia,theconservativeversionofWikipedia.
• Noticehowtheydefineonetermcompletelydifferently.
• Thinkaboutwhatwelearnedaboutbias.Howcouldyouapplythathere.
• Linkstoarticles:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_news
• https://www.conservapedia.com/Fake_news
StopandJot!
• Now,visittheOpenLabsiteandwritearesponsetothosepiecesintheDiscussionsection.SeewhereIstartedathread?
• Pleasetrytoreplytoatleastoneclassmateaswell!
Let’sLook!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koPmuEyP3a0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_HL0wiK4Zc
Now,let’swatchthesetwoadvertisements,whatdoyounotice
aboutthem?
StopandJot!
• Now,visittheOpenLabsiteandwritearesponsetothosepiecesintheDiscussionsection.
• Pleasetrytoreplytoatleastoneclassmateaswell!
ConnecttoYOURResearch
• ChooseONEofyoursourcesandthinkabouthowitdemonstratesbias.Jotnotesabouttheexamples/evidenceofbiasyousee.
SourceCredibility
Whatisacrediblesource?
Whatisareliablesource?
Whatisarelevantsource?
Whatisacrediblesource?
Acrediblesourceisanaccurateortrustworthysource
Whatisareliablesource?
Areliablesourceisveryconvincing
Whatisarelevantsource?
Arelevantsourcesupportsyourclaims
WatchtheMiniLesson!
• https://youtu.be/vsM_t3qm6H8
SourceCredibilityTips!• Notall“facts”arecertaintobeaccurateortrue• Thecredibilityofasourcehasadirectrelationshiptotheaccuracyoffactualinformationinatext,butevencrediblesourcesmaycontainmisinformation
• Textsoftenofferinterpretationosoffactsthatmayormaynotbeaccurate
• Whenmultiplecrediblesourcesagreeonsomething,itisprobably(butnotalways)true
• Awarenessofdifferingfacts,interpretations,opinions,andbiasesaroundatopicisusefulinformationwhentryingtobuildone’sexpertiseonatopic
CharacteristicsofaCredibleSource• Theauthorisnamedandisanexpertonthesubject.
• Thesourceisproducedbyanorganizationthatisanexpertonthesubject.
• Thesourceisup-to-date.• Themainpurposeofthesourceistoinform,nottosell
anything.
• Theauthorusescorrectspellingandgrammar.Formattingisprofessionallooking.
• Thelanguageisrespectfulandappropriate.• Ifonline,thesiteisnotfullof“trickingyoutoclick”
advertisements.• Thesourceisfromareputablesource.
• Theinformationinthesourcematchesothercrediblesources.
The5W’sand1HtoDetermineSourceCredibility!
• InyourHandout,youwillseeadocumenttitled,the5Wsand1HtoDetermineSourceCredibility.
• Thisdocumentcanhelpyoudetermineifyoursourcesarecredible.
Yikes!ItMightNotBeCredible?
• Whathappensifoneofyoursourcesmightnotbecredible?Canyoustilluseit?
• Fortheannotatedbibliography,youabsolutelycan.ItisjustimportanttodiscusswhatyoulearnedaboutthesourceandwhyitisNOTcredible.
• However,itisnotagoodideatouseitasresearchforyourUnit3project!
ToWikipediaorNottoWikipedia?
• NO:WikipediaisNOTacrediblesource.Whilemanyarticlesareinformativeandaccurate,articlescanbeaddedandeditedbyanyone.
• YES:Wikipediaprovidesahigh-qualityoverviewofatopic.Manyarticlesarewell-organizedandeasytoread.Therearealsooftengoodlistsofsourcesonthetopic.Crowdsourcing,doesgatherlotsofgoodinformation,itjustcannotbecountedasacrediblesourcewrittenbyanexpertonthetopic.
Let’sTryIt!
• Usingthesampletext,“AffordableHousingPolicies,”let’slookatthefirstsectionofthehandout.
WHO THINGSTOLOOKFOR SAMPLETEXT
Whoistheauthor?Whoisthepublisher?Whoisthesponsorofthematerial?Aretheyrecognizedasexpertsonthetopic?Wholinkstothissource,ifonline?Aretheytrustworthy?Isthereabibliography?Arereputablesourceslisted?
Lookforbiographicalinformationabouttheauthor.ConductanInternetsearchoftheauthor.Ifthematerialhasbeenproducedbyanorganization,trytodeterminewhetheritisreputable.Checkforinformationonhistory,mission,etc.CheckelementsoftheURLsuchastheserveranddomainnameforcluesaboutasource/itsproducers.Usethe“link:”commandinfrontofaURLtocheckwhoislinkedtoawebsite.Ifsourcesarecited,aretheyrespectedandcredible?
Author:BrianPaul–heisafellow(graduatestudent)atHunterwhostudiesCommunityPlanningandDevelopment.Heisworkingonadocumentaryabouttheneighborhood.
ReputableSources:CommunityPreservationCorporations
ConnecttoYOURResearch
• ChooseONEofyoursources.• Completethe5Wsand1HtoDetermineSourceCredibilityforthesource.
• SubmitviaDropboxorOpenLaboremail.!
Justonelastthought…
• Apoemtoleaveyouwith….Justreaditandenjoy!
• https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47993/famous
SeeYouNextWeek!